7,700 results match your criteria: "Rwanda; and University of Pennsylvania[Affiliation]"

Background: Adaptation to disability (AD) is linked to positive feelings (PF) and positive emotional well-being (PEWB), while emotional suppression can improve adaptation and provide temporary PEWB but will not lead to sustainable positive mental health. This study examined whether and to what extent PF might mediate the link between AD and PEWB in a sample of students with congenital physical disabilities (CPD) in Rwanda.

Methods: A sample of 46 students with CPD (21 females, i.

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The Role of Telemedicine in Enhancing Surgical Care Delivery in Africa: A Literature Review.

Health Sci Rep

December 2024

Department of Research and Education Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education Kigali Rwanda.

Background And Aims: In Africa, telemedicine holds great potential to revolutionize surgical care delivery, especially in areas where access to quality treatment is scarce. Data about the use of these services in African countries is, however, limited. To outline the present issues in surgical care delivery, as well as the significant role of telemedicine in advancing surgical care delivery in Africa.

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Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been implemented in Rwanda in districts with high malaria transmission, including Ngoma District. The first IRS campaign (IRS-1) was conducted in March 2019, ahead of the peak malaria season, followed by a second campaign (IRS-2) in August 2020, targeting 89,331 structures. This study assessed factors influencing IRS uptake and evaluated the impact of IRS interventions on malaria morbidity in Ngoma District, Eastern Province, Rwanda.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study explores the biological differences linked to PTSD by examining DNA methylation changes in blood, suggesting they could indicate susceptibility or effects of trauma.
  • Conducted by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, the research included nearly 5,100 participants to identify specific genetic markers associated with PTSD.
  • Results showed 11 significant CpG sites related to PTSD, with some also showing correlations between blood and brain tissue methylation, highlighting their potential role in understanding PTSD biology.
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Background: Under-five mortality in Tanzania remains a persistent issue, significantly affecting both the health and economic sectors. Despite various interventions, the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) remains high, impeding progress toward global health targets. This study investigates the factors influencing under-five mortality in Tanzania, focusing on the gross domestic product (GDP), malaria incidence, access to water, and access to sanitation.

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Background And Context: Community-Based Education (CBE) integrates practical experiences within community settings to deepen students' understanding of real-world issues. In July 2023, the University of Global Health Equity (UGHE) launched the Global Community-Based Education (G-CBE) program, designed to immerse international students in diverse settings across Rwanda and enhance their grasp of social determinants of health, community health and social medicine.

Objectives: This study explores the experiences and perceptions of the first cohort of the G-CBE program at UGHE.

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African Forensic Sciences Academy (AFSA): An emerging movement in Africa.

Forensic Sci Int

December 2024

African Forensic Sciences Academy (AFSA), POBox: 979, Kigali, Rwanda.

Forensic science bodies their respective regions and form the foundation for best practice. Until recently, no officially registered body existed that represented all forensic science practitioners across Africa. The African Forensic Sciences Academy (AFSA) was founded in December 2022 for this reason to serve African forensic science practitioners.

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Modeling the impact of short-term displacement of domestic animals on the transmission dynamics of brucellosis.

Heliyon

November 2024

African Institution of Mathematical Science (AIMS), NEI Globla Secretariat, Rue KG590 ST, Kigali, Rwanda.

Brucellosis, a prevalent zoonotic disease caused by bacteria from the genus , presents a substantial public health and economic challenges worldwide. In this paper, we formulate a two-patch deterministic model to investigate the impact of short-term displacement of domestic animals on the transmission dynamics of brucellosis within and between patches with heterogeneous risk of infection. The model analysis is performed, and the basic reproduction number is computed and used in the stability analysis of equilibria.

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Enhancing iron and zinc bioavailability in maize () through phytate reduction: the impact of fermentation alone and in combination with soaking and germination.

Front Nutr

December 2024

Division of Food and Pharma, Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Introduction: Phytates are nutrient-binding compounds found mainly in cereals and legumes, which may significantly contribute to micronutrient malnutrition in regions where phytate-rich cereals, such as maize, are staple food.

Objectives: This study investigated how maize fermentation, both alone and in combination with soaking and germination, can reduce phytate levels and enhance the estimated bioavailability of iron and zinc.

Methods: We evaluated various fermentation methods, including spontaneous fermentation; fermentation with starter cultures, either 299v (Lp299) or yogurt containing viable ; and fermentation with Lp299 of soaked and germinated maize.

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Article Synopsis
  • Children born small or sick in rural Rwanda often lack proper follow-up care, which the Pediatric Development Clinics (PDC) aim to address by providing structured support after hospital discharge.
  • The study compared the impact of PDC on children's health and development in two districts, using surveys and statistical analysis to measure outcomes such as survival and growth.
  • Results showed that children attending PDC had lower mortality rates and developmental delays, along with reduced stunting, highlighting the importance of improving access to such clinics across Rwanda.
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The departure of pharmaceutical companies from Nigeria - a major source of antimicrobial drug supply in West Africa - increases the risk of an elevated burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nigeria and the West Africa subregion. Urgent actions must be taken by relevant actors to address the increased risk of AMR.

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Genomic and transmission dynamics of the 2024 Marburg virus outbreak in Rwanda.

Nat Med

December 2024

Rwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.

The ongoing outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Rwanda marks the third largest historically, although it has shown the lowest fatality rate. Genomic analysis of samples from 18 cases identified a lineage with limited internal diversity, closely related to a 2014 Ugandan case. Our findings suggest that the Rwandan lineage diverged decades ago from a common ancestor shared with diversity sampled from bats in Uganda.

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Background: By 2015, 4 East African countries (Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi) had identified a deficit in the number of anesthesiologists, with a mean density of 0.30 physician anesthesia providers (PAP) per 100,000 population, which was significantly lower than the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) recommended minimum of 5.0/100,000 population.

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Elucidating the response of soil gross nitrogen (N) transformations to fires could improve our understanding of how fire affects N availability and loss. Yet, how internal soil gross N transformation rates respond to fires remains unexplored globally. Here, we investigate the general response of gross soil N transformations to fire and its consequences for N availability and loss.

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Background: The Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, is responsible for the zoonotic disease known as MPX. Primarily found in western and central Africa, emerging studies indicate a shift in transmission dynamics. Ongoing MPX outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have escalated into significant public health concerns.

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Background: Belongingness is an important factor in the social development of medical students, and the ability to quantify belongingness in medical students may provide additional metrics by which we can compare different learning environments to help explore differential attainment. Previous studies looking at the measurement of belongingness have demonstrated good internal and external validity for tools designed to measure this facet of student experience. This study aimed to explore the use of the Exeter Belongingness Assessment Tool (EBAT) as one potential source of evidence in the study of student learning experience on clinical placements, which could be used to support quality assurance of clinical learning.

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The role of between-group signaling in the evolution of primate ornamentation.

Evol Lett

December 2024

Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Gregarious mammals interact to varying degrees and in a variety of ways with neighboring groups. Since navigating this wider social environment via conventional means (social knowledge) may be challenging, we hypothesize that between-group socio-spatial dynamics have exerted strong selection on phenotypic markers of individual identity, quality, and competitive ability. Ornaments are sexually selected decorative traits with far-reaching signaling potential.

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Children younger than 5 years and women, especially pregnant women, are at high risk of malaria and death because of their weak immunity and exposure to mosquitoes. Several studies have considered only the age-structured model and other factors but have not considered sex. The objective of this work is to develop and analyze the malaria transmission model including this structure, to contribute to existing measures and mechanisms to eradicate malaria in Rwanda.

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Worldwide prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children between 2000 and 2021: a systematic analysis.

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol

December 2024

Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent allergic disease that significantly impacts pediatric health.

Objective: To comprehensively describe the global, regional, and national AD prevalence trends among children aged 0-14 years from 2000 to 2021.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were used to analyze AD prevalence and case numbers.

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In Bangladesh, Midwife Led Birthing Centres (MLBCs) have been established to provide midwifery care and sexual and reproductive health services for the displaced Rohingya population in Cox's Bazar. The aim of this study was to explore MLBCs in this humanitarian context from the perspectives of women, midwives, and other key stakeholders. A mixed-method case study was conducted at one of the MLBCs within the Rohingya refugee camps in Cox's Bazar.

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Towards an Ethical Analysis of Research in One Health (EAROH).

J Bioeth Inq

December 2024

Department of Emergency Medicine , Hong Kong University, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.

The COVID-19 and Monkeypox pandemics and the ongoing Marburg outbreak in Rwanda provide a stark reminder of the importance of espousing a One Health (OH) approach to zoonoses as well as other public health and global health issues. Recent years have in fact seen an exponential rise in biomedical and public health journals and publications explicitly adopting the name of OH. Not all research that pertains to be OH however is indeed OH research, insofar as it does not comply with the proclaimed OH goals of benefiting humans, animals, and the environment.

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