"Antimicrobial utilization in a paediatric intensive care unit in India: A step towards strengthening antimicrobial stewardship practices".

Antimicrobials are frequently used in critically ill children admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The antimicrobial use data from Indian PICUs is limited using standard metrics such as Days of therapy (DOT). This study aimed to determine the baseline trend of antimicrobial use in PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Raipur district of Chhattisgarh, India using standard metrics with the goal of developing facility-wide antibiotic policy and strengthening the antimicrobial stewardship activities.

A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes and Their Cardiovascular Effects.

The discovery of inhibitors for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) has significantly improved type 2 diabetes management. Large-scale clinical studies have shown that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA enhance cardiovascular health. Benefits include reduced cardiovascular disease risk, lower mortality, fewer heart failure hospitalizations (SGLT2 inhibitors), and stroke prevention (GLP-1 RA).

Oral health assessment and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare and private hostels - A comparative study.

Background And Objectives: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh.

Retrospective Analysis of Potential Adverse Drug Interactions in the Drugs Prescribed to the Elderly at a Tertiary Health Care Center in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Central India.

Background The elderly population differs from adults in having various physiological changes and multiple diseases, which demand the use of multiple medications. The practice of polypharmacy in the elderly leads to numerous harmful effects like adverse drug reactions, adverse drug-drug interactions (DDIs), poor compliance, etc. Methodology This study collected 295 case files of elderly patients retrospectively in the Departments of General Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology after obtaining Institute Ethics Committee approval to look for the potential adverse DDIs with their severity according to the clinical significance.

Analysis of Drugs Prescribed to Elderly Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Center in Raipur, Central India: An Observational Study.

Background Most elderly patients suffer from multiple diseases and are on multiple drugs for treatment. Polypharmacy in the elderly, physiological changes with old age, changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs, and newer drug prescription trends for diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease make drug prescribing in the elderly more difficult. There are many chances of drug-drug interactions with easily available over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

Ten-year trends of antibiotic prescribing in surgery departments of two private sector hospitals in Central India: a prospective observational study.

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to the global rise of antibiotic resistance, prominently in low- and middle-income countries, including India. Despite the considerable risk of surgical site infections, there is a lack of antibiotic prescribing guidelines and long-term studies about antibiotic prescribing in surgery departments in India. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse 10 years' antibiotic prescribing trends at surgery departments in two tertiary-care hospitals in Central India.

Advances in Thyroid Function Tests: Precision Diagnostics and Clinical Implications.

This narrative review explores the evolving field of thyroid function testing, explicitly highlighting the significance of precision diagnostics and their substantial impact on clinical practice. Commencing with a comprehensive examination of the historical progression of thyroid diagnostics, the discourse proceeds to explore recent developments, highlighting the paramount importance of accuracy in testing methods. The primary issue under consideration is the crucial requirement for accuracy in the field of therapeutic practice.

Ten-Year Cardiovascular Risk as Predicted by the QRISK®3 Calculator in Diabetic Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Central India and Its Application to Stratify Statin Over-Users and Under-Users.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. As such, risk stratification is essential to identify the risk factors of CVD and provide early intervention. The QRISK3 tool, recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, has the option to choose the patient's ethnicity, which is not available in other tools.

Composition analysis (pick analysis) of waste generated from household: A pilot study in Ujjain city, India.

Waste segregation is an essential function in improving waste management. Waste segregation not only facilitates recycling and reduces waste going to landfills, rather it can benefit our environment and human in various ways. A pick analysis of waste composition is used to characterize the household waste stream and thus can analyze the segregation rate among the residents.

Appropriateness of Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Central India: A Retrospective Analysis.

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) has been a boon in the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs). This study was conducted to assess and evaluate the selection, timing, and duration of administration of SAP and their compliance with national and international guidelines in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. This retrospective study included the data collected from the central records department in a tertiary care teaching hospital on major surgeries conducted between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018, from the departments of ENT, general surgery, orthopedic surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology.

Assessment of Reporting Quality of Drug-Related Randomized Controlled Trials Conducted in India and Published in MEDLINE-Indexed Indian Journals Over a Decade: A Systematic Review.

Poorly published trials may result in biased and erroneous healthcare decisions. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the reporting quality of drug-related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in India and published in MEDLINE-indexed Indian journals over a decade (between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020), as per the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Checklist 2010. An extensive literature search was conducted using the terms "Randomized controlled trial AND India.

Application of Berlin questionnaire in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome through soft palate morphology types.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent complete and partial airway collapse, resulting in frequent episodes of apnea and hypopnea. The Berlin questionnaire (BQ) is a simple, inexpensive instrument used to screen for OSA, which is about risk factors for sleep apnea, namely, snoring behavior, daytime sleepiness or fatigue, and the presence of obesity or hypertension. This 10-question test has since then become well known for its accuracy in predicting the presence of sleep apnea in patients.

Correlation Between Individual Child-Level Antibiotic Consumption and Antibiotic-Resistant Among Commensal : Results from a Cohort of Children Aged 1-3 Years in Rural Ujjain India.

Background: The global expansion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious concern and is increasing worldwide in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. The study determined the correlation between individual child-level antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance among the commensal in a cohort of 125 children in rural Ujjain, India.

Methods: During a two-year period between August 2014 and September 2016, stool samples were collected at seven-time points from a cohort of 125 children; aged 1-3.

Comparative Study of Hearing Results in Various Types of Tympanoplasties.

Background: This study mainly focus on hearing loss pattern in CSOM patients undergoing tympanoplasty surgery or tympanomastoidectomy pre-operatively and analysis of the outcome of the surgery in terms of improvement in hearing (air-bone gap) after 3 months of the surgery.

Methodology: All patients of age 15-65 years reporting to ENT OPD with ear discharge and decreased hearing were screened with detailed history, clinical examination and microscopic examination.110 cases of tympanic membrane perforation who were fit for surgery were advised tympanoplasty or tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy.

Study of Outcomes of Tympanoplasty Between Wet and Dry Ears in Mucosal Type of COM.

This study compares the results of Tympanoplasty in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement in patients with Chronic Otitis Media which are divided on the basis of discharging ear and non discharging ear with perforation at the time of surgery. Total 110 patients were selected suffering from chronic otitis media. Out which 55 patients had discharging ear (wet ear) and 55 patients had non discharging ear (dry ear).

Hyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India.

Background: In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an increased incidence of ROCM was noted in India among those infected with COVID. We determined risk factors for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among those never and ever hospitalized for COVID-19 separately through a multicentric, hospital-based, unmatched case-control study across India.

Methods: We defined cases and controls as those with and without post-COVID ROCM, respectively.

Antibiotic Use, Incidence and Risk Factors for Orthopedic Surgical Site Infections in a Teaching Hospital in Madhya Pradesh, India.

Orthopedic surgeries contribute to the overall surgical site infection (SSI) events worldwide. In India, SSI rates vary considerably (1.6−38%); however, there is a lack of a national SSI surveillance system.

Antibiotic Use before, during, and after Seeking Care for Acute Febrile Illness at a Hospital Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study from Rural India.

Antibiotic resistance is a naturally occurring phenomenon, but the misuse and overuse of antibiotics is accelerating the process. This study aimed to quantify and compare antibiotic use before, during, and after seeking outpatient care for acute febrile illness in Ujjain, India. Data were collected through interviews with patients/patient attendants.

Understanding Internal and External Drivers Influencing the Prescribing Behaviour of Informal Healthcare Providers with Emphasis on Antibiotics in Rural India: A Qualitative Study.

Globally, Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern, with antibiotic use contributing significantly. Targeting informal healthcare providers (IHCPs) is important to achieve universal health coverage and effective antibiotic stewardship in resource-constrained settings. We, therefore, aimed to analyse the internal and external drivers that influence IHCPs' prescribing behaviour for common illnesses in children under five, with an emphasis on antibiotic use in rural areas of India.

Determinants and pathways of healthcare-seeking behaviours in under-5 children for common childhood illnesses and antibiotic prescribing: a cohort study in rural India.

Objectives: To explore the healthcare-seeking pathways, antibiotic prescribing and determine the sociodemographic factors associated with healthcare-seeking behaviour (HSB) of caregivers for common illnesses in under-5 (U-5) children in rural Ujjain, India.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Study Setting And Study Sample: The cohort included 270 U-5 children from selected six villages in rural demographic surveillance site, of the R.

A multicentre point prevalence survey (PPS) of antimicrobial use amongst admitted patients in tertiary care centres in India.

Objectives: Data from point prevalence surveys (PPSs) in India are scarce. Conducting PPSs is especially challenging in the absence of electronic medical records, a lack of dedicated resources and a high patient load in resource-poor settings. This multicentre survey was conducted to provide background data for planning and strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programmes across the country.

Can use of pictograms reduce liquid medication administration errors by mothers? An interventional study.

Background: Liquid medication dosing errors (LMDE) made by caregivers affect treatment in children, but this is not a well-studied topic in many low-and middle-income countries including in India.

Methods: An intervention study was conducted among mothers attending a pediatric outpatient clinic of a tertiary care setting in Ujjain, India. The mothers randomly measured 12 volumes of a paracetamol liquid preparation by using a dropper (0.

Trends and patterns of antibiotic prescribing at orthopedic inpatient departments of two private-sector hospitals in Central India: A 10-year observational study.

Background: Frequent antibiotic prescribing in departments with high infection risk like orthopedics prominently contributes to the global increase of antibiotic resistance. However, few studies present antibiotic prescribing patterns and trends among orthopedic inpatients.

Aim: To compare and present the patterns and trends of antibiotic prescription over 10 years for orthopedic inpatients in a teaching (TH) and a non-teaching hospital (NTH) in Central India.

Utilisation of diagnostics in India: a rapid ethnographic study exploring context and behaviour.

Objectives: To explore factors that influence behaviour in the utilisation of diagnostics by caregivers of sick children. Utilisation is defined as a caregiver assisting a child to get diagnostic tests done and return for follow-up of results. Understanding these experiences may help inform the development of interventions and implementation strategies to improve the use of diagnostics, thereby target treatment and optimise antibiotic use.