Functional diversities within neurons and astrocytes in the adult rat auditory cortex revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing.

The mammalian cerebral cortex is composed of a rich diversity of cell types. Sensory cortical cells are organized into networks that rely on their functional diversity to ultimately carry out a variety of sophisticated cognitive functions for perception, learning, and memory. The auditory cortex (AC) has been most extensively studied for its experience-dependent effects, including for perceptual learning and associative memory.

Overnutrition causes insulin resistance and metabolic disorder through increased sympathetic nervous system activity.

The mechanisms underlying obesity-induced insulin resistance remain incompletely understood, as impaired cellular insulin signaling, traditionally considered the primary driver of insulin resistance, does not always accompany impaired insulin action. Overnutrition rapidly increases plasma norepinephrine (NE), suggesting overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the role of the SNS in obesity is controversial, as both increased and decreased SNS activity (SNA) have been reported.

The Association of Statin Use With Survival Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Treated With Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapies (ART).

Background: Statins may provide a compounded effect on ART by decreasing cholesterol levels thus decreasing de novo androgen synthesis and tumor cell viability. We investigated the clinical efficacy of concurrent statin use on outcomes of patients with mCRPC taking ART.

Methods: A single-institution retrospective analysis of patients with mCRPC receiving ART from 2010 to 2021 was performed.

Neuronal connectivity, behavioral, and transcriptional alterations associated with the loss of MARK2.

Neuronal connectivity is essential for adaptive brain responses and can be modulated by dendritic spine plasticity and the intrinsic excitability of individual neurons. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to aberrant neuronal activity, which has been associated with numerous neurological disorders including autism, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal neuronal connectivity remain unclear.

Stand-alone transarterial flow diversion for treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas.

Objective: Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are rare arteriovenous communications allowing blood to flow from the carotid artery into the cavernous sinus. Although currently coil and/or liquid embolization remain the preferred treatment methods for CCFs, flow diverters (FD) stents represent a viable alternative to traditional embolization techniques. This study explores both the technical aspects and rationale behind using FD stents as a stand-alone treatment approach for CCFs.

The Modified Harborview Risk Score Successfully Predicts Mortality after Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Background: The traditional Harborview Risk Score uses 4 criteria to predict mortality after surgical repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs): preoperative minimum systolic blood pressure <70 mm Hg, creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, age >76 years and preoperative arterial pH < 7.2.

National Trends in Laryngeal Laser Surgery: Comparison of Operative Versus Office-Based Procedures.

Objective: To analyze national trends in the prevalence of office-based laryngeal ablative procedures and compare those with traditional operative excisional procedures utilizing direct laryngoscopy.

Methodology: For years 2013-2022, the US Medicare Part B claims database was searched for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 31572 (flexible laryngoscopy with laser ablation of lesion), 31540 (operative direct laryngoscopy with excision of lesion), 31541 (operative direct microlaryngoscopy with excision of lesion), and 31545 (operative direct microlaryngoscopy with excision of lesion and local tissue flap reconstruction). For each CPT code, the total number of charges billed to the Medicare database in each calendar year was recorded and annual trends were analyzed.

Staged intervention to enable the resection of a large left temporoinsular cystic glioblastoma with language preservation: illustrative case.

Background: Resection of glioblastoma (GBM) in eloquent regions depends on functional mapping to limit perioperative neurological morbidity. When neurological deficits preclude reliable mapping, neurosurgeons should explore potential mitigation strategies. The authors present the case of a patient with a large left cystic temporoinsular GBM and aphasia, for whom the authors used intraoperative language mapping and a staged approach to enable safe tumor resection.

The association of Medicaid expansion and parathyroidectomy for benign disease: Insurance status remains an important factor in access to high-volume centers.

Background: Medicaid expansion has been associated with improved access to surgical care at high-volume centers. Its impact on parathyroidectomy, however, is unclear. We evaluated the association between Medicaid expansion and parathyroidectomy at high- and low-volume centers.

Behavioral Exposure for Interoceptive Tolerance (BE-FIT): A stage II randomized clinical trial protocol.

Background: Exercise anxiety is a novel mechanism related to non-adherence to exercise and lifestyle physical activity. We developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment, Behavioral Exposure For Interoceptive Tolerance (BE-FIT), which is a manualized, values-based exposure intervention designed to target exercise anxiety that is delivered as a supplement to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Method: We describe a Stage II randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test BE-FIT, compared to a Health Education Control (HEC) intervention on exercise and physical activity outcomes at end-of-treatment (EOT) and follow-ups (Weeks 12, 18, and 24), and evaluate mechanisms of change (i.

Practicing radiology for 1000 years…by women.

Insight, words of wisdom and advice to the future generations are shared through storytelling and introspection from women radiologists who have personally impacted my own career and journey as a woman radiologist. Through historical data review and self-reported narratives on an electronically submitted questionnaire, noteworthy accomplishments of female radiologists whom I personally know or know through association over the last hundred and twenty-nine years are described, as well as the obstacles they had faced throughout their academic years of training and practice of radiology.

Cerebrovascular implications of takayasu arteritis: a review.

Purpose: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory large-vessel vasculitis that affects the aorta and its main branches, including the cerebrovascular system. This review analyzes current knowledge and patient outcomes concerning the cerebrovascular implications of TA.

Methods: A literature search, with publications from 1994 to 2024, identified pertinent studies through PubMed.