Editorial: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Related Care.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the established, albeit at times conceptual, standard of care, and understanding its ongoing operational evolution is critical to JAACAP readers. At the center of operationalizing the concept of EBM are the accurate tools for screening, diagnosis, and outcome measurement. Historically, these instruments relied on trained raters assessing the patient's signs and symptoms.

Neurologic Outcomes in People With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Oncologic Indications.

Background And Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used against various cancers but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Risk of irAEs may be higher in patients with certain preexisting autoimmune diseases, and these patients may also experience exacerbation of the underlying autoimmune disease following ICI initiation. People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have mostly been excluded from clinical trials of ICIs, so data on the safety of ICIs in MS are limited.

Model of superior semicircular canal dehiscence: asymmetrical vestibular dysfunction induces reversible balance impairment.

Background: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a vestibular-cochlear disorder in humans in which a pathological third mobile window of the otic capsule creates changes to the flow of sound pressure energy through the perilymph/endolymph. The primary symptoms include sound-induced dizziness/vertigo, inner ear conductive hearing loss, autophony, headaches, and visual problems. We have developed an animal model of this human condition in the Mongolian Gerbil that uses surgically created SSCD to induce the condition.

A Longitudinal Evaluation of Collaboration in Plastic Surgery Clinical Research.

Background: Few dedicated, funded clinical research fellowship positions exist in plastic surgery. This study provides insights from an established clinical research fellowship, highlighting its educational impact and confirming the impact of positive institutional support and a collaborative-first approach.

Methods: All research fellows within the program from 2008 to 2020 were examined during their year of employment and subsequent 2 years.

Inspiring Student Entrepreneurship and Innovation.

Background While student entrepreneurial interest is significantly correlated with the intention to pursue innovative healthcare ventures, many medical schools lack formal programs to nurture entrepreneurial skills. To investigate student interest in entrepreneurship and their experiences with medical innovation, the Biomedical Entrepreneurship Network at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School engaged students nationally in a Healthcare Innovation Summit featuring a keynote address, pitch competition, and interactive workshops with accomplished innovators. Methods A Rutgers electronic Institutional Review Board (eIRB)-approved survey was disseminated to student attendees at the summit, with questions categorized into four themes: interest/motivation, barriers to ideation and execution, support for innovation, and confidence in entrepreneurial pursuits.

Matching into shoulder and elbow surgery fellowships: do United States Medical License Exam scores and Alpha Omega Alpha status still matter?

Background: Despite the established importance of the United States Medical License Exam (USMLE) and Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) status in orthopedic residency selection, their significance in the fellowship match remains unknown. This study evaluates the influence of USMLE scores and AOA status on interview invitation rates and match positions for shoulder and elbow surgery fellowship applicants.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data from the San Francisco Match database from 2018 to 2023.

Different Pathways of Skin Aging: Objective Instrumental Evaluation.

: Hypertrophic and atrophic skin aging represent two distinct phenotypes: hypertrophic aging is marked by deep wrinkles and a leathery texture, whereas atrophic aging is characterized by overall skin thinning, increased vascularity, and a higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancers. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and differences between hypertrophic and atrophic facial aging subtypes using two non-invasive imaging devices: VISIA and dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT). : We retrospectively evaluated patients who had presented to the outpatient dermatological clinic at Policlinico Umberto I hospital in Rome, Italy for a non-invasive facial imaging check-up.

Cutting-Edge Technology Without Cutting: Treating Skin Cancer in This Era-A Case Series.

Background: Traditional treatment methods for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) include surgical excision with histological evaluation, yet advancements such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and superficial radiation therapy (SRT) offer non-invasive management alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the use of RCM for the evaluation of treatment outcomes after SRT in managing localized NMSC.

Methods: A prospective interventional case series study was conducted on patients treated for NMSC with SRT between March 2020 and December 2023.

Tracheobronchomalacia vs Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse.

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a frequently under-recognized condition that often coexists with other chronic respiratory diseases. The diagnosis of excessive central airway collapse requires consideration by the physician. Dynamic computed tomography scan of the chest and awake dynamic bronchoscopy are critical to establishing a diagnosis of TBM.

Crowdsourcing Adverse Events Associated With Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Signaling for Migraine Prevention: Natural Language Processing Analysis of Social Media.

Background: Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of medications targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling for migraine prevention. However, these trials may not accurately reflect the real-world experiences of more diverse and heterogeneous patient populations, who often have higher disease burden and more comorbidities. Therefore, postmarketing safety surveillance is warranted.

Polygenic risk for alcohol use disorder affects cellular responses to ethanol exposure in a human microglial cell model.

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) assess genetic susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet their molecular implications remain underexplored. Neuroimmune interactions, particularly in microglia, are recognized as notable contributors to AUD pathophysiology. We investigated the interplay between AUD PRS and ethanol in human microglia derived from iPSCs from individuals with AUD high-PRS (diagnosed with AUD) or low-PRS (unaffected).

Pain Control after Otologic Surgery: Do Nonopioid Analgesics Suffice?

Objective: Investigate whether nonopioid analgesics (NOA) provide adequate pain control after otologic surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort.

Setting: Two quaternary academic medical centers.

Surgical Management of Sarcoma Metastatic to Liver.

Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors with a propensity for hematogenous metastasis. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common histologic subtype and the most common source of hepatic metastases. In the case of metastatic GIST, neoadjuvant imatinib can be used as a selection tool for the judicious application of surgery, where treatment-responsive patients who undergo resection to prevent the development of treatment-resistant clones have associated 10-year actuarial survival of 40%.

Hepatic Perfusion for Diffuse Metastatic Cancer to the Liver: Open and Percutaneous Techniques.

The management of patients with diffuse liver metastases remains a significant clinical challenge. In many cancer patients, metastatic disease may be isolated to the liver or the liver may be the dominant site of progressive metastatic cancer. In this setting, progression of disease in the liver generally is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality.

A Whodunit Gamified Flipped Classroom For High Yield Bite Injuries And Envenomation.

Audience: Clerkship-level medical students, sub-interns, junior and senior residents, attending physicians.

Introduction: Bite injuries and envenomation are core content found in the model of the clinical practice of emergency medicine.1 However, depending on the geographic location of training or clinical practice, physicians may or may not be exposed to these pathologies.

Impact of a 2-week flipped classroom virtual neurology clerkship versus a traditional 4-week rotation on NBME shelf exam scores.

Objective: There is conflicting evidence whether decreased clerkship duration is associated with reduced NBME shelf examination performance. We hypothesized that scores would remain stable for students in a shortened 2-week flipped classroom-based virtual rotation as compared to the traditional 4-week Neurology clerkship.

Background: There is conflicting evidence whether decreased clerkship duration is associated with reduced NBME shelf examination performance.

Age-specific dynamics of neutralizing antibodies, cytokines, and chemokines in response to La Crosse virus infection in mice.

La Crosse virus (LACV) is a primary cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the United States, particularly affecting children aged 16 years or younger. This age-related susceptibility extends to murine models, where weanling mice (3 weeks old) succumb to LACV infection, while adults (≥6 weeks old) demonstrate resistance. Despite its clinical relevance, the host immune response to LACV is not fully understood.