#digital hood: Engagement with Risk Content on Social Media among Black and Hispanic Youth.

The digital neighborhood is the amalgamation of the spaces online where youth connect with others. Just as Black and Hispanic youth live in neighborhoods that influence their health, they are also influenced by online digital neighborhoods. Youth are exposed to social media content featuring substance use, sexual risk, and violence, yet little is known about the extent to which youth engage with such content.

Syntactic Patterns Improve Information Extraction for Medical Search.

Medical professionals search the published literature by specifying the type of , the medical and the measure(s) of interest. In this paper we demonstrate how features encoding syntactic patterns improve the performance of state-of-the-art sequence tagging models (both linear and neural) for information extraction of these medically relevant categories. We present an analysis of the type of patterns exploited, and the semantic space induced for these, i.

Coercive Control Between Intimate Partners: An Application to Nonfatal Strangulation.

Nonfatal strangulation between intimate partners represents an extreme controlling form of violent behavior, increasing the risk that intimate partner violence (IPV) becomes lethal. Guided by Dutton and Goodman's conceptualization of coercive control, the present research explored the relation between death threats and subsequent nonfatal strangulation to amplify the credibility of those threats, using a large sample of IPV perpetrators ( = 6,488). Logistic regression analyses determined the relation between overt threats to a partner's life during an initial incident arrest and subsequent nonfatal strangulation postincident arrest, accounting for perpetrator characteristics and assessed risk.

DNA-Mediated Proximity-Based Assembly Circuit for Actuation of Biochemical Reactions.

Smart nanodevices that integrate molecular recognition and signal production hold great promise for the point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications. Herein, the development of a DNA-mediated proximity assembly of biochemical reactions, which was capable of sensing various bio-targets and reporting easy-to-read signals is reported. The circuit was composed of a DNA hairpin-locked catalytic cofactor with inhibited activity.

Power of the Past, Celebrate the Present, Force of the Future Part 2: Our Story-NASN's Second 25 Years.

The July 2018 issue of the NASN School Nurse, featured the first in a series of articles exploring the history, examining the present, and visioning the future of our organization in celebration of NASN's 50th anniversary. Part 2 of our historical account reflects on the leadership of a new generation of clinicians, reviewing the major emphases and accomplishments of NASN presidents serving from 1993 to today.

Estimating physical activity trends among blacks in the United States through examination of four national surveys.

Physical activity is essential for overall good health and aids in the prevention and reduction of many diseases. In 2008, the U.S.

Caught in the web: Spider web architecture affects prey specialization and spider-prey stoichiometric relationships.

Quantitative approaches to predator-prey interactions are central to understanding the structure of food webs and their dynamics. Different predatory strategies may influence the occurrence and strength of trophic interactions likely affecting the rates and magnitudes of energy and nutrient transfer between trophic levels and stoichiometry of predator-prey interactions. Here, we used spider-prey interactions as a model system to investigate whether different spider web architectures-orb, tangle, and sheet-tangle-affect the composition and diet breadth of spiders and whether these, in turn, influence stoichiometric relationships between spiders and their prey.

"Save 100,000 Babies": The 1918 Children's Year and Its Legacy.

In April 1918, President Woodrow Wilson, alarmed at the high draftee rejection rate, proclaimed the second year of American engagement in World War I as "Children's Year." The motto of the nationwide program was to "Save 100,000 Babies." Children's Year represented a multipronged child welfare campaign aimed at gathering data on best practices regarding maternal and child health promotion, documenting the effects of poverty on ill health, reducing the school drop-out rate, ensuring safe play spaces for children, and addressing the unique needs of targeted populations such as orphans and delinquents.

On the representation of novel stimuli in patterning and irrelevant cue discriminations.

Two experiments explored ways in which novel stimuli might be represented in associative learning, focusing on (1) representations in which novel stimuli embody novelty as a stimulus feature that acquires associative strength in the same fashion as color, shape, texture, or other frequently used stimulus features; and (2) representations in which novel stimuli embody common elements, that is, the stimulus elements shared among other stimuli in an experimental setting. Both experiments examined the effects of reinforcing or nonreinforcing separately presented novel stimuli on learning about compound stimuli that included novel stimuli as part of the compound. Experiment 1 found that the relative ease of learning positive and negative patterning discriminations could be reversed, depending on whether novel stimuli were separately reinforced or nonreinforced.

Linear-In-Flux-Expressions Methodology: Toward a Robust Mathematical Framework for Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Simulators.

Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) modeling is increasingly used as a quantitative tool for advancing mechanistic hypotheses on the mechanism of action of a drug, and its pharmacological effect in relevant disease phenotypes, to enable linking the right drug to the right patient. Application of QSP models relies on creation of virtual populations for simulating scenarios of interest. Creation of virtual populations requires 2 important steps, namely, identification of a subset of model parameters that can be associated with a phenotype of disease and development of a sampling strategy from identified distributions of these parameters.

Religion and desistance from substance use among adolescent offenders: The role of cognitive functioning.

Background: Religious beliefs and practices have been shown to have some association with desistance from offending, as have cognitive processes, including emotion regulation, self-control, reasoning, learning, and empathy. Religious behaviours may, however, be moderated or mediated by cognitive abilities, but few studies take this into account.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the role of cognitive ability in any relationship between religious beliefs and behaviours and desistance from substance use among adolescents.

Housing Interventions and the Chronic and Acute Risks of Family Homelessness: Experimental Evidence for Education.

This study considers risk associated with family homelessness for school functioning and experimental evidence on the effects of different housing interventions over time. Students in homeless families (N = 172; M  = 7.31; SD = 4.

2D Enzyme Cascade Network with Efficient Substrate Channeling by Swinging Arms.

In living cells, compartmentalized or membrane-associated enzymes are often assembled into large networks to cooperatively catalyze cascade reaction pathways essential for cellular metabolism. Here, we report the assembly of an artificial 2D enzyme network of two cascade enzymes-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-on a wireframe DNA origami template. Swinging arms were used to facilitate the transport of the redox intermediate of NAD /NADH between enzyme pairs on the array.

Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials.

Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The films were characterized to understand the effect of the inter- and intra-molecular interactions upon the morphology and thermal properties. Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering.

DNA-crowded enzyme complexes with enhanced activities and stabilities.

We present a robust and simple method to prepare DNA-crowded enzyme complexes by directly assembling long DNA duplexes on the enzyme surface. DNA-crowded enzyme complexes show boosted substrate turnover numbers, and increased stabilities against various storage conditions. They could be potentially scaled up for applications in biomaterials and biotechnology.

Category effects on stimulus estimation: Shifting and skewed frequency distributions-A reexamination.

Duffy, Huttenlocher, Hedges, and Crawford (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17(2), 224-230, 2010) report on experiments where participants estimate the lengths of lines. These studies were designed to test the category adjustment model (CAM), a Bayesian model of judgments. The authors report that their analysis provides evidence consistent with CAM: that there is a bias toward the running mean and not recent stimuli.

Control of reaction-diffusion equations on time-evolving manifolds.

Among the main actors of organism development there are morphogens, which are signaling molecules diffusing in the developing organism and acting on cells to produce local responses. Growth is thus determined by the distribution of such signal. Meanwhile, the diffusion of the signal is itself affected by the changes in shape and size of the organism.

An activity transition from NADH dehydrogenase to NADH oxidase during protein denaturation.

A decrease in the specific activity of an enzyme is commonly observed when the enzyme is inappropriately handled or is stored over an extended period. Here, we reported a functional transition of an FMN-bound diaphorase (FMN-DI) that happened during the long-term storage process. It was found that FMN-DI did not simply lose its β-nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NADH) dehydrogenase activity after a long-time storage, but obtained a new enzyme activity of NADH oxidase.

Interactions Between Energy Drink Consumption and Sleep Problems: Associations with Alcohol Use Among Young Adolescents.

Energy drink consumption and sleep problems are both associated with alcohol use among adolescents. In addition, caffeine consumption (including energy drinks) is associated with sleep problems. However, information about how these three constructs may interact is limited.

Direct Interactions of Cholesterol With Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels: Testable Hypotheses From Computational Predictions.

Several essential ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAr), belong to the family of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs). Function of these receptors is particularly sensitive to their lipid environment, including cholesterol and cholesterol-derived neurosteroids. Direct structural data investigating interactions between sterols and pLGICs, as well as their role in modulatory mechanisms, are largely unavailable.

Computational and experimental analysis of short peptide motifs for enzyme inhibition.

The metabolism of living systems involves many enzymes that play key roles as catalysts and are essential to biological function. Searching ligands with the ability to modulate enzyme activities is central to diagnosis and therapeutics. Peptides represent a promising class of potential enzyme modulators due to the large chemical diversity, and well-established methods for library synthesis.

Structure-property relationships of Thai silk-microcrystalline cellulose biocomposite materials fabricated from ionic liquid.

Biomaterials made from natural proteins and polysaccharides have become increasingly popular in the biomedical field due to their good biocompatibility and tunable biodegradability. However, the low miscibility of polysaccharides with proteins presents challenges in the creation of protein-polysaccharide composite materials. In this study, neat 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AMIMCl) ionic liquid was used to regenerate Thailand gold Bombyx mori silk and microcrystalline cellulose blended films.

Disentangling the risk assessment and intimate partner violence relation: Estimating mediating and moderating effects.

To manage intimate partner violence (IPV), the criminal justice system has turned to risk assessment instruments to predict if a perpetrator will reoffend. Empirically determining whether offenders assessed as high risk are those who recidivate is critical for establishing the predictive validity of IPV risk assessment instruments and for guiding the supervision of perpetrators. But by focusing solely on the relation between calculated risk scores and subsequent IPV recidivism, previous studies of the predictive validity of risk assessment instruments omitted mediating factors intended to mitigate the risk of this behavioral recidivism.

Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults in the Year After Cancer Treatment.

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer are a vulnerable group facing more intense treatments, higher symptom burden, and poorer treatment outcomes relative to younger children. Sleep disruption is common during cancer treatment and sleep problems persist into adulthood for some survivors of AYA cancer. The developmental period of adolescence/emerging adulthood confers greater biological and behavioral risk for insufficient sleep relative to older or younger ages.