Microfluidic Assays for CD4 T Lymphocyte Counting: A Review.

CD4 T lymphocytes play a key role in initiating the adaptive immune response, releasing cytokines that mediate numerous signal transduction pathways across the immune system. Therefore, CD4 T cell counts are widely used as an indicator of overall immunological health. HIV, one of the leading causes of death in the developing world, specifically targets and gradually depletes CD4 cells, making CD4 counts a critical metric for monitoring disease progression.

The impact of ACOG's 39-week rule on fetal death rates in the United States: A systematic review.

Objective: The "39-week rule," implemented in August 2009, strongly discouraged early term deliveries before 39 weeks without accepted ACOG delivery indications. In this study, we evaluated fetal death rates before and after the 39-week rule in the United States (US) by review of published series.

Study Design: Systematic literature searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and Scopus databases (January 2009-June 2023).

The role of dynamic shape cues in the recognition of emotion from naturalistic body motion.

Human observers can often judge emotional or affective states from bodily motion, even in the absence of facial information, but the mechanisms underlying this inference are not completely understood. Important clues come from the literature on "biological motion" using point-light displays (PLDs), which convey human action, and possibly emotion, apparently on the basis of body movements alone. However, most studies have used simplified and often exaggerated displays chosen to convey emotions as clearly as possible.

The promise and limits of inclusive public policy: federal safety net clinics and immigrant access to health care in the U.S.

In the United States, exclusionary public policies generate inequalities within and across labor, financial, and legal status hierarchies, which together undermine immigrant well-being. But can inclusive public policies improve immigrant health? We examine whether and how an immigrant-inclusive federal program, Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), shaped health care access and use among farmworkers over nearly three decades, paying particular attention to disparities at the intersection of nativity and legal status. Linking historical administrative data on the location and funding of FQHCs with the National Agricultural Workers Survey from 1989-2017, we first document trends in farmworkers' county-level proximity to FQHCs and identify a steady increase in FQHC access among undocumented farmworkers following the Affordable Care Act.

Episodic Gregariousness Leads to Level-Dependent Core Habitats: A Case Study in Eastern Copperheads ().

Characterizing the complex relationships between animals and their habitats is essential for effective wildlife conservation and management. Wildlife-habitat selection is influenced by multiple life-history requirements, which act over varying spatial and temporal scales, and result in dispersion patterns that can differ across ecological levels. For example, sites that attract intense communal use (e.

Genome Assembly for an Endangered Lemur Using Portable Nanopore Sequencing in Rural Madagascar.

As one of the most threatened mammalian taxa, lemurs of Madagascar are facing unprecedented anthropogenic pressures. To address conservation imperatives such as this, researchers have increasingly relied on conservation genomics to identify populations of particular concern. However, many of these genomic approaches necessitate high-quality genomes.

Reenvisioning ethnic-racial identity: Asian Indian American experiences.

Identity formation among immigrant communities, particularly for ethnic-racial minorities like Asian Indian Americans, is a multifaceted process. Shaped by preimmigration histories of British colonization and the caste system and the Indian diasporic postimmigration, experiences of physical and psychological displacement alongside racism in the United States contribute to the complexity of identity for this community. Although existing racial and ethnic identity models offer valuable frameworks, they may not fully capture the nuanced in-between spaces created by the intersectionality of ethnicity and race for Asian Indian Americans in the United States.

Impact of vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome-associated Gly substitutions on structure, function, and mechanics using bacterial collagen.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) arises from mutations in collagen-III, a major structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vascularized tissues, including blood vessels. Fibrillar collagens form a triple-helix that is characterized by a canonical (Gly-X-Y) sequence. The substitution of another amino acid for Gly within this conserved repeating sequence is associated with several hereditary connective tissue disorders, including vEDS.

Increasing the visibility of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders in substance use research: A call to action.

Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AA/NH/PI) are one of the most diverse racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., encompassing origins from over forty countries.

New insights into protein-protein interaction modulators in drug discovery and therapeutic advance.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental to cellular signaling and transduction which marks them as attractive therapeutic drug development targets. What were once considered to be undruggable targets have become increasingly feasible due to the progress that has been made over the last two decades and the rapid technological advances. This work explores the influence of technological innovations on PPI research and development.

Rank-expanding satellites, Whitehead doubles, and Heegaard Floer homology.

We show that a large class of satellite operators are rank-expanding; that is, they map some rank-one subgroup of the concordance group onto an infinite linearly independent set. Our work constitutes the first systematic study of this property in the literature and partially affirms a conjecture of the second author and Pinzón-Caicedo. More generally, we establish a Floer-theoretic condition for a family of companion knots to have infinite-rank image under satellites from this class.

Elucidating the alcohol-sleep-hangover relationship in college students using a daily diary approach.

This daily diary study expands knowledge of the pharmacological alcohol-sleep relationship using a multilevel modeling approach. The interplay between alcohol and sleep on hangover susceptibility is also explored. College students (n = 337; 52 % female) provided 2976 days of self-reported alcohol use.

Assessment of Brain Function After 240 Days Confinement Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Future space exploration missions will expose astronauts to various stressors, making the early detection of mental stress crucial for prolonged missions. Our study proposes using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with multiple machine learning models to assess the level of mental stress. The objective is to identify and quantify stress levels during 240 days confinement scenario.

Processing and properties of graphene-reinforced polylactic acid nanocomposites for bioelectronic and tissue regenerative functions.

An in-situ polymer-solution-processing approach enables the efficient production of uniform graphene-reinforced polylactic acid (G-PLA) nanocomposites with notable physical and biomedical properties. The approach effectively enhances the interfacial bonding between graphene and PLA by creating graphene dangling bonds and defects during exfoliation. As a result, an 182 % increase in Young's modulus and an 85 % increase in tensile strength can be achieved in G-PLA.

Insights Into the Ecology of a Widespread but Poorly Known Aerial Insectivore and a Theoretical Basis for Range Expansion Following Repeated Vagrancy Events.

Over the course of the last two centuries, Northern Rough-winged Swallows () have expanded their range across the North American continent but have remained a relatively poorly known species. In this paper, I discuss two aspects of their nature history that has received little attention. First, I document an instance of Northern Rough-winged Swallows digging their own burrow, which was for the better part of the last century considered a behavior that was either lost or never occurred in the first place.

A context-based model of collaborative inhibition during memory search.

Contrary to common intuition, a group of people recalling information together remembers less than the same number of individuals recalling alone (i.e., the collaborative inhibition effect).

In vivo glycerol metabolism in patients with glycerol kinase deficiency.

Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked recessive disorder due to () gene mutations resulting in hyperglycerolermia, hyperglyceroluria, and "pseudohypertriglyceridemia." In vivo glycerol metabolism has not been assessed in GKD. A 62-year-old man with suspected GKD and his extended family underwent whole exome sequencing and fasting blood work with two modes of lipid measurements: (1) standard lipase-based methodology and (2) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

ATN blood biomarkers are related to digital cognitive assessment in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Associations between amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) plasma biomarkers and cognition have not been characterized in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Using data from participants in the Glycemic Variability and Fluctuations in Cognitive Status in Adults with T1D (GluCog) study ( = 114), we evaluated associations between phosphorylated tau (pTau)181, pTau217, β-amyloid 42/40 ratio, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) and self-administered digital cognitive tests, adjusting for age, sex, education, comorbidities (e.g.

Symptomatic Valvular and Subvalvular Stenosis: A Case Report.

Aortic stenosis is a common valvular disease that is expected to become more prevalent with the aging population. It is often undiagnosed in socioeconomically deprived groups. Diagnosis relies on echocardiography, and additional imaging techniques such as cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) are increasingly used.