Arthritis: Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.

Approximately 800,000 total knee arthroplasties and 450,000 total hip arthroplasties are performed annually in the United States. These procedures provide significant pain relief and restore function in patients with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other degenerative joint conditions. Patient evaluation before surgery includes a history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.

Randomized phase II study of bevacizumab with weekly anetumab ravtansine or weekly paclitaxel in platinum-resistant/refractory high grade ovarian cancer (NCI trial).

Purpose: Mesothelin (MSLN) is highly expressed in high grade serous/ endometrioid ovarian cancers (HGOC). Anetumab ravtansine (AR) is an antibody drug conjugate directed at MSLN antigen with a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. We assessed safety, activity and pharmacokinetics of the combination AR/bevacizumab (Bev) (ARB) versus weekly paclitaxel (wP)/Bev (PB) in patients with platinum resistant/refractory HGOC (prrHGOC).

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Anatomic Pathology.

Context.—: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, including anatomic pathology, where it offers the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and research capabilities.

Objective.

Tailoring Exercise Prescription for Effective Diabetes Glucose Management.

Context: Physical activity, exercise, or both are a staple of lifestyle management approaches both for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While the current literature supports both physical activity and exercise for improving glycemic control, reducing cardiovascular risk, maintaining proper weight, and enhancing overall well-being, the optimal prescription regimen remains debated.

Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies on exercise, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control in people with T1DM and T2DM.

Safety and Tolerability of Pivmecillinam During More Than Four Decades of Clinical Experience: A Systematic Review.

The recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of pivmecillinam-an oral prodrug of the amidinopenicillin antibiotic mecillinam-presents a valuable opportunity to address the need for new treatments for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI). We report findings of a systematic literature review of the safety profile of pivmecillinam/mecillinam based on more than 40 years' experience, mainly in Europe and Canada, to describe its tolerability profile and identify any important safety signals. In total, 110 eligible publications were identified describing use of pivmecillinam/mecillinam as monotherapy or in combination, for treatment of uUTI or other infectious conditions.

The Impact of Learning Curve on Robotic Living Donor Nephrectomy Outcomes: Retrospective Analysis.

Background: We aimed to investigate the outcome of patients after RDN at different time points.

Methods: We studied the outcomes of 77 living robotic living donor nephrectomies (RDN). Donors were separated into three groups: learning curve period (LCP), stabilisation period (SP), and teaching period (TP).

Systemic Absorption of Oral and Rectal Vancomycin in a Critically Ill Patient: A Case Report.

Enteral administration of vancomycin is the standard treatment for () colitis and is presumed to have no systemic absorption. In critically ill patients, however, especially with multi-organ failure, enteral absorption of vancomycin is unpredictable and can cause severe toxicity if it remains unrecognized. We therefore report a case of systemic absorption of enteric vancomycin in a patient with severe colitis.

To Weed or to Keep: A Renovation-Driven Weeding Project of the Health Sciences Library Reference Collection with a Focus on the Last Institutional Copies - A Case Study.

The weeding project of the George F. Smith Library Reference Collection was undertaken due to anticipated space reconfiguration. With no place to relocate the reference books, the librarians eliminated the reference books from the area selected for redesign by discarding material or interfiling it with the circulating collection.

Transition to Survivorship Care for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with Acute Leukemia: Provider Perspectives.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 39 years are at risk for adverse late health effects following cancer treatment and require ongoing survivorship care. This study aims to understand the landscape of transitioning AYAs with leukemia from active treatment to survivorship care. A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was sent out via listserv/email.

One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles and 7-Azaindoles Sequential Alkynylation and Cyclization of 2-Iodo--mesylarylamines and Alkynes in the Presence of CuO.

A one-pot process was developed to synthesize in moderate to high yield a series of 2-substituted indoles and 7-azaindoles starting from 2-iodo--mesylarylamines and terminal alkynes in the presence of CuO in DMF at 90-120 °C. Without isolation of any intermediate, our optimized conditions enabled the introduction of ester, phenyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, -Boc-aminomethyl, and methyl at the 2-postion of indoles and 7-azaindoles. The reaction tolerates a variety of substrates containing halogens, or acid- or base-sensitive functional groups without requiring a Pd catalyst, a ligand, or a base.

Pharmacological Enhancement of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Improves Behavioral Pattern Separation in Young and Aged Male Mice.

Background: Impairments in behavioral pattern separation (BPS)-the ability to distinguish between similar contexts or experiences-contribute to memory interference and overgeneralization seen in many neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, dementia, and age-related cognitive decline. Although BPS relies on the dentate gyrus and is sensitive to changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, its significance as a pharmacological target has not been tested.

Methods: In this study, we applied a human neural stem cell high-throughput screening cascade to identify compounds that increase human neurogenesis.

Serum, Cell-Free, HPV-Human DNA Junction Detection and HPV Typing for Predicting and Monitoring Cervical Cancer Recurrence.

Almost all cervical cancers are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). In most cases, HPV DNA is integrated into the human genome. We found that tumor-specific, HPV-human DNA junctions are detectable in serum cell-free DNA of a fraction of cervical cancer patients at the time of initial treatment and/or at six months following treatment.

It's Hard to Prepare for Task Novelty: Cueing the Novelty of Upcoming Tasks Does Not Facilitate Task Performance.

Rapidly learning new tasks, such as using new technology or playing a new game, is ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous studies suggest that our brain relies on different networks for rapid task learning versus retrieving known tasks from memory, and behavioral studies have shown that novel versus practiced tasks may rely on different task configuration processes. Here, we investigated whether explicitly informing about the novelty of an incoming task would help participants prepare for different task configuration processes, such as pre-adjusting working memory gating functions.

: the IUPAB journal promoting biophysics on an international stage.

This editorial introduces the contents of Volume 16, Issue 6 of , the official journal of the International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB). Highlights of the Issue include an invited review article by David Alsteens, the winner of the 2024 Michèle Auger Award for Young Scientists' Independent Research and a Special Issue Focus involving a series of articles based on topics addressed at the 7th Nanoengineering for Mechanobiology Symposium 2024. The broad scope of articles and the geographically widespread locations of the contributing authors of these and other reviews in the Issue mirror the goals of IUPAB, namely to organize worldwide advancements, co-operation, communication, and education in biophysics.

Epigenetic phase variation in the gut microbiome enhances bacterial adaptation.

The human gut microbiome within the gastrointestinal tract continuously adapts to variations in diet, medications, and host physiology. A central strategy for genetic adaptation is epigenetic phase variation (ePV) mediated by bacterial DNA methylation, which can regulate gene expression, enhance clonal heterogeneity, and enable a single bacterial strain to exhibit variable phenotypic states. Genome-wide and site-specific ePV have been well characterized in human pathogens' antigenic variation and virulence factor production.

Methods for data extraction and data transformation in convergent integrated mixed methods systematic reviews.

Objective: The objective of this guidance paper is to describe data transformation involving qualitization, including when and how to undertake this process, and to clarify how it aligns with data extraction in order to expand on the current guidance for JBI convergent integrated mixed methods systematic reviews (MMSRs).

Introduction: The convergent integrated approach to MMSRs involves combining extracted data from both quantitative studies (including the quantitative components of mixed methods studies) and qualitative studies (including the qualitative components of mixed methods studies). This process requires data transformation, which can occur either by converting qualitative data into quantitative data (ie, quantitizing) or converting quantitative data into qualitative data (ie, qualitizing).

Cytotoxicity of Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery in Oral Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Oral cancer remains 1 of the biggest health care challenges; it has a poor response to treatment, and treatment often results in severe side effects. Nano-targeted drug carrier-assisted drug delivery systems can improve the benefits of targeted drug delivery and treatment efficacy. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of targeted nano carrier drug delivery systems on the management of oral cancer.

Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid in reducing cross-contamination during washing of baby spinach at different water quality levels.

We evaluated the antimicrobial performance of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and peracetic acid (PAA) during washing of baby spinach in water of varying levels of organic load, as measured by its chemical oxygen demand (COD). Escherichia coli TVS353 was spot inoculated onto one unwashed leaf. Sanitizers were added into water with preadjusted COD (300 or 2500 ppm) to achieve concentrations from 20 to 80 ppm.

A Scoping Review of Calls to Action in Pharmacy Education.

Objectives: Calls to action within pharmacy education are frequently seen in the literature, with little information about their authors, audience, and focus, especially whether these calls led to any changes. This scoping review aims to (1) quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the calls to action in pharmacy education and (2) examine the traits of the published articles typically associated with effective advocacy.

Findings: A systematic literature search for scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Outpatient surgical institutions in the rural United States: Trends from 2010 to 2020.

Background: The volume and proportion of surgeries occurring in outpatient settings has increased. However, the growth and distribution of outpatient surgical institutions, namely ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and hospital-based outpatient surgical departments (HOPDs), remains understudied in rural areas.

Methods: We used descriptive statistics and a multivariate logistic regression to assess the growth and distribution of ASCs and HOPDs in rural areas from 2010 to 2020, leveraging the Area Health Resources Files and American Community Survey.

The use of public spatial databases in risk analysis: A US-oriented tutorial.

This tutorial focuses on opportunities and challenges associated with using six large, publicly accessible spatial databases published during the last decade by US federal agencies. These databases provide opportunities for researchers to risk-inform policy by comparing community asset, demographic, economic, and social data, along with anthropogenic and natural hazard data at multiple geographic scales. The opportunities for data analysis come with challenges, including data accuracy, variations in the shape and size of data cells, spatial autocorrelation, and other issues endemic to spatial datasets.

Individualized transfusion decisions to minimize adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and anemia.

Background: Risk-benefit tradeoffs between restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion strategies may vary across individuals. This exploratory analysis aimed to derive and evaluate individualized treatment effects of defined transfusion strategies in patients with acute MI and anemia with the goal of minimizing adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: This study analyzed 3,447 (98.

Diet-induced obesity mediated through estrogen-related receptor α is independent of intestinal function.

Obesity has escalated to epidemic proportions, driving significant advances in therapeutic strategies aimed at combating this condition. The Estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA), a transcription factor, plays pivotal roles in energy metabolism across multiple tissues. Research has consistently shown that the absence of Esrra results in notable fat malabsorption and increased resistance to diet-induced obesity.

What substance use services are advertised by local governments? An analysis of data from county websites in New York state.

Objective: To assess the substance use disorder (SUD) prevention and response activities that county governments in New York advertise.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: We coded websites of county public health, mental health, emergency, and social service departments to identify whether any government agency provided information about ten evidence-based SUD services.