Effect of Four Hemoglobin Transfusion Threshold Strategies in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Anemia : A Target Trial Emulation Using MINT Trial Data.

Background: The optimal hemoglobin threshold to guide red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and anemia is uncertain.

Objective: To estimate the efficacy of 4 individual hemoglobin thresholds (<10 g/dL [<100 g/L], <9 g/dL [<90 g/L], <8 g/dL [<80 g/L], and <7 g/dL [<70 g/L]) to guide transfusion in patients with acute MI and anemia.

Design: Prespecified secondary analysis of the MINT (Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion) trial using target trial emulation methods.

Predicting Parental Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Following their Child's Stay in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Prior to Discharge.

Develop an inpatient predictive model of parental post-traumatic stress (PTS) following their child's care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Prospective observational cohort. Two tertiary care children's hospitals with mixed medical/surgical/cardiac PICUs.

Dendritic Cells Pulsed with HAM/TSP Exosomes Sensitize CD4 T Cells to Enhance HTLV-1 Infection, Induce Helper T-Cell Polarization, and Decrease Cytotoxic T-Cell Response.

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the spinal cord due to chronic inflammation. Hallmarks of disease pathology include dysfunctional anti-viral responses and the infiltration of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells and HTLV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in the central nervous system. HAM/TSP individuals exhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with elevated co-expression of multiple inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs), but ICP blockade strategies can only partially restore CD8+ T-cell effector function.

Age and Hair Cortisol Levels as Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Chronic psychosocial stress is known to adversely impact immune function. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, occupational stress among workers in healthcare was at an unprecedented level due to risks of infection and work demands. We performed a nested case-control study to investigate the associations between chronic stress and the risks of contracting SARS-CoV-2.

Physiological Effects of Psychological Interventions Among Persons with Financial Stress: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Introduction to Psychophysiological Economics.

It is known that economic problems can cause psychological stress, and that psychological stress causes physiological changes often linked to disease. Here we report a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on physiological effects of psychological treatment for individuals with economic problems. Of 5071 papers in our initial PsycInfo search, we identified 16 papers on physiological effects for psychological treatment of the economically stressed.

Comparison of Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in a Veteran Versus Nonveteran Population.

Objective: To evaluate for equivalence in postoperative changes of speech recognition scores in a veteran patient population undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) compared to matched nonveteran patients.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.

Introduction: This guideline establishes clinical practice recommendations for treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) in adults and pediatric patients.

Methods: The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) commissioned a task force of experts in sleep medicine to develop recommendations and assign strengths based on a systematic review of the literature and an assessment of the evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation methodology. The task force provided a summary of the relevant literature and the certainty of evidence, the balance of benefits and harms, patient values and preferences, and resource use considerations that support the recommendations.

Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.

Introduction: This systematic review provides supporting evidence for the accompanying clinical practice guideline on the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder.

Methods: The American Academy of Sleep Medicine commissioned a task force of experts in sleep medicine. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that compared the use of pharmacological or nonpharmacological treatment to no treatment to improve patient-important outcomes.

Teaching trainees to implement functional communication training with multiple schedules: An evaluation of training effects and durability.

We evaluated the effects of behavioral skills training on improving participant implementation of functional communication training with multiple schedules when working with a confederate. Behavioral skills training produced mastery-level responding for all six participants who required training, providing the first empirically supported training for this functional communication training approach. Next, we assessed durability during training challenges with (a) procedural changes to the original protocol, (b) a novel confederate with different discriminative stimuli and reinforcers, and (c) relapsed confederate destructive behavior.

Examining the Impact of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use on Alcohol Consumption and Consequences: Protocol for an Observational Ambulatory Assessment Study in Young Adults.

Background: There is significant conflicting evidence as to how using cannabis while drinking alcohol (ie, simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use) impacts alcohol volume consumed, patterns of drinking, and alcohol-related consequences. The impact of simultaneous use on drinking outcomes may be influenced by several within-person (eg, contextual) and between-person (individual) factors.

Objective: This study was designed to examine naturalistic patterns of alcohol and cannabis use to understand how simultaneous use may impact drinking outcomes.

Declining Rate of International Medical Graduates Matching Into Orthopedic Surgery Residency Programs in the United States: A 17-Year Analysis.

Introduction: International medical graduates (IMGs) continue to play an important role in the US health care system, but little is known about their trends of matching into highly competitive residencies such as orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze temporal trends of IMG applicants matching into US orthopedic residency programs between 2008 and 2024 and compare them with US allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) graduates.

Methods: Orthopedic residency specific data for years 2008 to 2024 was obtained from the National Resident Match Program and Electronic Residency Application Service.

Long-term recovery of taste and smell following acute COVID-19 infection in a New Jersey cohort.

Loss of taste and smell is one of the most troubling symptoms of long COVID and may be permanent for some. Correlation between subjectively and objectively assessed olfactory and gustatory impairment is low, leading to uncertainty about how many people are affected, how many recover, and to what extent. We prospectively investigated the effects of COVID-19 on long-term chemosensory function in a university and hospital-based cohort in NJ.

Interaction of Insurance and Neighborhood Income on Operative Colorectal Cancer Outcomes Within a National Database.

Introduction: Sociodemographic disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) surgical patients are known. Few studies, however, have examined the intersection of insurance type and median household income (MHI).

Methods: In this retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample from 2000 to 2019, all CRC surgery patients between 50 and 64 y old were included.

Atrial Fibrillation Status and Physical Rehabilitation in Older Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: An Analysis From the REHAB-HF Trial.

Background: The REHAB-HF (Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients) trial demonstrated that a transitional, tailored, progressive rehabilitation intervention improved physical function, 6-minute walk distance, frailty, quality-of-life, and depression in older patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. This analysis assessed the impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on intervention benefits.

Methods And Results: Of 349 enrolled patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (mean age 72.

A Survey of Post-Graduate Satisfaction With Orthopaedic Residency Training at a Single Institution.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has called for self-study within residency programs. Post-graduate surveys allow the graduate to reflect upon their residency experience after years of autonomous practice. Despite their potential utility, a standardized assessment of residency training from the perspective of orthopaedic alumni does not exist.

An Association Between State Laws Limiting Local Control and Community Smoke-Free Indoor Air in the United States.

This study examines the association between state laws limiting local control (preemption laws) and local smoke-free policies. We utilized policy data from the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. The primary outcome variable is the presence of a "100% smoke-free policy," across any of 4 indoor settings: workplaces, restaurants, bars, and gaming venues.