Pet Protection Orders for Domestic Violence Survivors: Are They Being Used?

This study examines if and how pet protection orders have been used by domestic violence survivors in the 36 states and the District of Columbia in which they have been enacted. A review of court websites determined if there was a specific item to include a pet in the temporary and/or final protection order. In addition, individual court administrators were contacted in various states to determine if statistics were available on the number of pet protection orders issued.

Patenting Strategies on Inhaler Delivery Devices.

Background: Patients with asthma and COPD rely on inhalers to control symptoms. Yet, these products remain expensive, in part because brand-name manufacturers have obtained numerous patents on inhalers, including on their delivery devices. Recent antitrust litigation has raised questions about the boundaries of listing device patents with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), particularly when patents do not claim any active ingredients.

Effects of Job Demands and Resources on Positive and Negative Affect of Delivery Drivers in China.

The delivery workforce in China has grown substantially within the past decade. As this industry has grown, job demands (JD) have also increased to ensure productivity. Accordingly, delivery drivers are increasingly facing volatile and stressful work conditions that could influence their Positive and Negative Affect (PANA), which has been an important predictor of their health and well-being.

Mindfulness Practice and Burnout: Evidence From Chinese Social Workers.

Over the span of nearly 10 years, the social work labor force grew from 0.2 million to approximately 1.2 million in China.

Legal obstacles to toxic chemical research.

Legislative design impedes study of chemicals in the environment.

Down to the Last Dollar: Utilizing a Virtual Budgeting Exercise to Recognize Implicit Bias.

Introduction: As social determinants of health and implicit bias are recognized as critical components of medical education, there is a need for novel approaches beyond didactics. We developed a small-group budgeting exercise to simulate the impact of poverty. Pediatrics exemplifies the effects of poverty on the family.

Patient and Payer Incentives to Use Patented Brand-Name Drugs vs Authorized Generic Drugs in Medicare Part D.

Importance: In response to scrutiny over high drug prices, manufacturers of insulin and direct-acting antiviral agents for treating hepatitis C have recently introduced authorized generic alternatives to their patented brand-name products. These authorized generic drugs have list prices at least 50% lower than the list price of the brand-name drugs, which should result in savings to patients. However, it is unclear whether these authorized generic drugs are offered on Medicare Part D formularies because they may not provide savings to plans or Medicare.

Supporting Immigrant Children and Youth: What Pediatricians and Other Clinicians Can Do.

For migrant children, many obstacles stand in the way of them securing even the most basic of necessities, and many live with the constant threat of being returned to countries where their very lives are in danger. These children and families, many of whom have experienced multiple forms of trauma, both in their home countries and on the journey to the United States, have extensive needs (for medical, mental health, educational, and legal services) that are not being met. Although pediatric medical professionals cannot respond to all issues, they are well situated to assist these vulnerable children.

Increasing Price and Reducing Access to Tobacco in New York City.

This paper describes novel tobacco control laws passed in New York City in 2017. These laws are designed to improve the city's strategy of using price to decrease tobacco consumption, and over time, change the city's landscape by making tobacco less accessible.

Incarceration as a Health Determinant for Sexual Orientation and Gender Minority Persons.

Incarceration is considerably more prevalent among sexual and gender minority persons (SGM) than among the general population. Once behind bars, they are at the greatest risk for health-related harms. Although a growing number of studies have assessed health disparities produced by mass incarceration, scholars are yet to systematically assess the health consequences of incarceration on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.

Sharing, samples, and generics: an antitrust framework.

Rising drug prices are in the news. By increasing price, drug companies have placed vital, even life-saving, medicines out of the reach of consumers. In a recent development, brand firms have prevented generics even from entering the market.

It's the Prices, Advanced Capitalism, and the Need for Rate Setting - Stupid.

Competition cannot stem the rise of health care expenditures because it leaves agency diffuse and transferred in part to the institutions of advanced capitalism, which excel in generating demand for their services. The United States should turn to state rate setting to concentrate purchasing power.

Rape Beyond Crime.

Public health experts agree that sexual violence constitutes a significant public health issue. Yet criminal law dominates rape law almost completely, with public health law playing at best a small supporting role. Recent civil law developments, such as university disciplinary proceedings, similarly fixate on how best to find and penalize perpetrators.

Strategies that delay or prevent the timely availability of affordable generic drugs in the United States.

High cancer drug prices are influenced by the availability of generic cancer drugs in a timely manner. Several strategies have been used to delay the availability of affordable generic drugs into the United States and world markets. These include reverse payment or pay-for-delay patent settlements, authorized generics, product hopping, lobbying against cross-border drug importation, buying out the competition, and others.

Womb Outsourcing: Commercial Surrogacy in India.

Infertility affects more than 7 million American couples. As traditional treatments fail and the costs of hiring a surrogate increase in the United States, transnational commercial surrogacy becomes a feasible alternative for many couples. Infertile couples may opt for this choice after reading enticing Internet advertisements of global medical tourism offering "special deals" on commercial surrogacy.