Low pH Means More Female Offspring: A Multigenerational Plasticity in the Sex Ratio of Marine Bivalves.

Global changes can profoundly affect the sex determination and reproductive output of marine organisms, disrupting the population structure and ecosystems. High COdriven low pH in the context of ocean acidification (OA) has been shown to severely affect various calcifiers, but less is known about the extent to which low pH influences sex determination and reproduction of marine organisms, particularly mollusks. This study is the first to report a biased sex ratio over multiple generations toward females, driven by exposure to high CO-induced low pH environments, using the ecologically and economically important Portuguese oyster () as a model.

Antiracist activism for immigrant rights and healthy coping: Initial evidence for a community-based framework.

Racist and xenophobic policies in the United States (e.g., family separations and lack of access to protected immigration statuses for undocumented immigrants) have historically excluded immigrants of color from accessing full civil rights, thus contributing to widening racial inequities in the US.

Ursolic Acid as a Protective Agent Against UVB-Induced Metabolic and Epigenetic Alterations in Human Skin Keratinocytes: An Omics-Based Study.

This study aimed to assess how ursolic acid (UA) can protect human skin keratinocytes from damage caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Utilizing an omics-based approach, we characterized the features of photodamage and investigated the potential of UA to reverse HaCaT cell subpopulation injury caused by UVB radiation. The most significant changes in metabolite levels after UA treatment were in pathways associated with phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism.

Identifying a Genetic Link Between Lung Function and Psoriasis.

Introduction: The common genetic underpinnings of psoriasis and pulmonary comorbidities have yet to be explored.

Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psoriasis and their relationship with pulmonary function using data from the UK Biobank (UKBB) and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Biobank (BioVU).

Results: Out of the 63 psoriasis-associated SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies within the European population, we successfully identified 53 SNPs, including proxy SNPs in UKBB database.

Characterizing the Relationships Amongst Psychological Safety, the Learning Environment, and Well-Being in Surgical Faculty and Trainees.

Objective: Learning environments affect the well-being of surgical faculty and trainees. Psychological safety (PS) has been linked with learning behaviors and aspects of well-being within medicine; however, given the unique challenges inherent to the surgical learning environment, there is a need to more closely examine these concepts for surgical faculty and trainees. The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between learning environment and PS, as well as PS and well-being with surgery.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy in trauma patients with grade IV-V duodenal or pancreatic injuries: a post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter trial.

Introduction: The utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for high-grade traumatic injuries remains unclear and data surrounding its use are limited. We hypothesized that PD does not result in improved outcomes when compared with non-PD surgical management of grade IV-V pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter analysis from 35 level 1 trauma centers from January 2010 to December 2020.

Reddit Perspectives on Tonsillectomy Procedure: Sentiment and Thematic Analysis.

Introduction: Every year, 530,000 tonsillectomies are performed in the United States. Many patients use social media for medical advice and support. This study investigates Reddit perspectives to identify the current needs of tonsillectomy patients.

Extracting interpretable signatures of whole-brain dynamics through systematic comparison.

The brain's complex distributed dynamics are typically quantified using a limited set of manually selected statistical properties, leaving the possibility that alternative dynamical properties may outperform those reported for a given application. Here, we address this limitation by systematically comparing diverse, interpretable features of both intra-regional activity and inter-regional functional coupling from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, demonstrating our method using case-control comparisons of four neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings generally support the use of linear time-series analysis techniques for rs-fMRI case-control analyses, while also identifying new ways to quantify informative dynamical fMRI structures.

Structural Feature of Salty/Saltiness-Enhancing Peptides Derived from and Their Stability during Subsequent Thermal Treatment and Maillard Reaction.

Through a quantitative analysis of saltiness perception, favorable enzymatic hydrolysis parameters were confirmed for the preparation of saltiness-enhancing peptide mixtures from . The enzymatic hydrolysate was fractionated into four fractions (F1-F4) by gel chromatography, with F3 exhibiting the strongest saltiness-enhancing effect (22% increase). LC-MS/MS analysis of F3 identified 36 peptides, and their secondary structures and interactions with the TMC4 receptor were examined through circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular docking.

Home Visits and the Use of Routine and Emergency Postpartum Care Among Low-Income People: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Access to appropriate postpartum care is essential for improving maternal health outcomes and promoting maternal health equity.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) home visiting program on use of routine and emergency postpartum care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that enrolled eligible participants between 2016 and 2020 to receive NFP or usual care from a South Carolina Medicaid program.

Time to Take a Chance: The Promise of Royston-Parmar Proportional Hazard Models for Understanding Caseload Transitions.

In this letter to the editor, we compare six different event history models to estimate eligible families participated in a subsidized rental housing program and . Answering these questions can inform efforts to improve program marketing and outreach, staffing and budgeting, triage, bias identification, as well as benchmarking and evaluation. One of six specifications clearly outperforms the others and understanding how will inform similar research pursuits.

Expansion microscopy reveals neural circuit organization in genetic animal models.

Expansion microscopy is a super-resolution technique in which physically enlarging the samples in an isotropic manner increases inter-molecular distances such that nano-scale structures can be resolved using light microscopy. This is particularly useful in neuroscience as many important structures are smaller than the diffraction limit. Since its invention in 2015, a variety of expansion microscopy protocols have been generated and applied to advance knowledge in many prominent organisms in neuroscience, including zebrafish, mice, , and .

Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020.

Background: While prior data showed an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, there are limited comprehensive and comparative data on the geographical variations of HCC trends in different demographic-specific populations.

Aim: To evaluate sex and age-specific incidence rates and time trends in different geographical regions in the United States.

Methods: Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates were collected from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database which covers approximately 98% of the population in the United States.

Temporal dynamics in a red alga dominated geothermal feature in Yellowstone National Park.

Alga-dominated geothermal spring communities in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), USA, have been the focus of many studies, however, relatively little is known about the composition and community interactions which underpin these ecosystems. Our goal was to determine, in three neighboring yet distinct environments in Lemonade Creek, YNP, how cells cope with abiotic stressors over the diurnal cycle. All three environments are colonized by two photosynthetic lineages, and , both of which are extremophilic Cyanidiophyceae red algae.

Novel Digital Anomalies, Hippocampal Atrophy, and Mutations Expand the Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectra of CNKSR2 in the Houge Type of X-Linked Syndromic Intellectual Development Disorder (MRXSHG).

The Houge type of X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSHG) encompasses a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual disability (ID), language/speech delay, attention issues, and epilepsy. These conditions arise from hemizygous or heterozygous deletions, along with point mutations, affecting CNKSR2, a gene located at Xp22.12.

Current Utilization of Bupropion Treatment in Children, Young Adults, and Adults in the United States.

While available for decades, the use of bupropion has increased in recent years. To provide an updated review on the use of bupropion, this article aimed to describe bupropion prescription details, potential indication, and treatment duration in children, young adults, and adults starting bupropion treatment. Individuals aged 6-64 newly initiating bupropion hydrochloride treatment were identified from commercial claims data (MarketScan, 1/1/2016-12/31/2022).

Identification of Cysteine Metabolism Regulator (CymR)-Derived Pentapeptides as Nanomolar Inhibitors of -Acetyl-l-serine Sulfhydrylase (CysK).

The pathway of bacterial cysteine biosynthesis is gaining traction for the development of antibiotic adjuvants. Bacterial cysteine biosynthesis is generally facilitated by two enzymes possessing -acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylases (OASS), CysK and CysM. In , there exists a single OASS homologue, CysK.

A single-center learning curve for stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy and a surgical framework to manage failures.

Objective: Stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH) is a minimally invasive procedure for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy that preserves more tissue than open procedures. As a result, although patients have better functional outcomes, more patients do not achieve seizure freedom. The rate at which this occurs is evolving with improved surgical practices.

Etiology and correlates of alcohol misuse in early midlife.

Background: Early midlife individuals (ages 30-40) experience demographic shifts that may influence the remainder of adult life. Although new or persistent alcohol misuse is common during this period, early midlife is understudied in alcohol use literature. We examined the heritability of alcohol misuse; the associations between alcohol misuse and sociodemographic factors, physical health, and well-being; and whether these associations were robust in cotwin comparisons.

The Staphylococcus aureus non-coding RNA IsrR regulates TCA cycle activity and virulence.

Staphylococcus aureus has evolved mechanisms to cope with low iron (Fe) availability in host tissues. Staphylococcus aureus uses the ferric uptake transcriptional regulator (Fur) to sense titers of cytosolic Fe. Upon Fe depletion, apo-Fur relieves transcriptional repression of genes utilized for Fe uptake.