Assessment of the Prognostic Accuracy of Scores in Different Ways on the Example of Assessing the Validity of the Prognostic Model ISS-RTS-TRISS.

The aim of the present study was a comparison of prognostic accuracy assessment results for scores in different ways on the example of validity analysis of the prognostic model ISS-RTS-TRISS for assessing the severity of the condition in children with trauma. The prospective study was conducted using clinical and physiological data collected at the admission and during the first 24 hours of hospitalization from 414 children with trauma. We had three groups of patients, common group children with traumatic brain injuries, and two groups of patients were divided into the two following ways: 141 (34%) patients with isolated traumatic brain injuries and 273 (66%) patients with combined injuries with traumatic brain injuries The validity and prognostic accuracy of prognostic scores were assessed by determining there discrimination and calibration ability.

Effectiveness of a homeopathic complex medicine in infantile colic: A randomized multicenter study.

Objectives: Infantile colic is a common benign disease occurring in early infancy that may have a great impact on family life. In the present study, the effectiveness and safety of the complex homeopathic medicine Enterokind was compared with Simethicone for treating infantile colic.

Design And Setting: Current data were drawn from a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial that was conducted in 2009 in 3 Russian outpatient clinics.

Circulating tumor cells and their advances to promote cancer metastasis and relapse, with focus on glioblastoma multiforme.

In the late stages of their development, cancers can form metastases. Formation of metastases was found to be associated with the capacity of cancer cells to quit the tumor mass and journey through the circulation to distant organs. This cell population is called circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

Estimation of the Accuracy of Prognostic Scores for the Treatment of Children with Severe Trauma in a Specialized Trauma Hospital.

The aim of the present work was to study the validity and prognostic accuracy of scores for assessing the severity of the condition in children with severe trauma, located in the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation in the Clinical and Research Institute of Urgent Pediatric Surgery and Trauma. The prospective study was conducted using clinical and physiological data collected at the admission and during the first 24 hours of hospitalization from 474 patients. The validity and prognostic accuracy of prognostic scores were assessed by determining their discrimination and calibration ability.

Gene set enrichment analysis and expression pattern exploration implicate an involvement of neurodevelopmental processes in bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and highly heritable disorder of mood. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several independent susceptibility loci. In order to extract more biological information from GWAS data, multi-locus approaches represent powerful tools since they utilize knowledge about biological processes to integrate functional sets of genes at strongly to moderately associated loci.

Epigenetic Alterations in DNA and Histone Modifications Caused by Depression and Antidepressant Drugs: Lessons from the Rodent Models.

Epigenetic modifications regulate chromatin folding and function. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate transcription mediating effects of various stimuli on gene expression. These mechanisms are involved in transcriptional control in various physiological and pathological conditions including neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral abnormalities such as depression.

Engineered Nanoparticles: Their Properties and Putative Applications for Therapeutic Approaches Utilizing Stem Cells for the Repair of Atherosclerotic Disease.

Background: Stem cell therapy was established as a promising approach for regenerative medicine applications such as cardiac repair. However, current stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have serious challenges such as low retention and viability of transplanted stem cells in the injured myocardium. This significantly limits efficiency of stem cell therapy.

Genome-wide association study of borderline personality disorder reveals genetic overlap with bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia.

Borderline personality disorder (BOR) is determined by environmental and genetic factors, and characterized by affective instability and impulsivity, diagnostic symptoms also observed in manic phases of bipolar disorder (BIP). Up to 20% of BIP patients show comorbidity with BOR. This report describes the first case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BOR, performed in one of the largest BOR patient samples worldwide.

The EGFR variant III mutant as a target for immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme.

In epithelial tumors, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) controls key signaling pathways responsible for growth, proliferation, migration, and survival of tumor cells. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common EGFR mutation that occurs in up to 30% of high-grade gliomas especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). EGFRvIII arises from the deletion of exon 2-7 that leads to the formation of the constitutively activated mutant receptor incapable of binding any known ligand.

Early-life adversity-induced long-term epigenetic programming associated with early onset of chronic physical aggression: Studies in humans and animals.

To examine whether chronic physical aggression (CPA) in adulthood can be epigenetically programmed early in life due to exposure to early-life adversity. Literature search of public databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. Children/adolescents susceptible for CPA and exposed to early-life abuse fail to efficiently cope with stress that in turn results in the development of CPA later in life.

Chemokines and Relevant microRNAs in the Atherogenic Process.

Chemokines play a significant role in initial and advanced steps of atherogenesis. In early steps, chemokines control the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells (ECs) followed by transmigration of monocytes and their deposition in the intima where they differentiate to proinflammatory macrophages. Except for proinflammatory activity, chemokines are responsible for homeostasis and homing of progenitor cells.

Nanocarriers in Improving Chemotherapy of Multidrug Resistant Tumors: Key Developments and Perspectives.

The multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells significantly reduces the efficiency of traditional anticancer therapy. Tumor MDR is complex and involves several mechanisms such as decreased drug uptake, increased drug efflux, enhanced drug exocytosis, increased drug detoxification and inactivation by drugmetabolizing enzymes, altered drug targets due to genetic and epigenetic modifications, altered DNA repair, and impaired apoptotic pathways. Implementation of nanoparticles can markedly improve drug delivery through increased stability in the plasma, prolonged half-life, enhanced specificity of transfer, and advanced drug accumulation and retention in the tumor cells.

The phenomenon of atherosclerosis reversal and regression: Lessons from animal models.

Studies in non-rodent and murine models showed that atherosclerosis can be reversed. Atherosclerosis progression induced by high-fat or cholesterol-rich diet can be reduced and reversed to plaque regression after switching to a normal diet or through administration of lipid-lowering agents. The similar process should exist in humans after implementation of lipid-lowering therapy and as a result of targeting of small rupture-prone plaques that are major contributors for acute atherosclerotic complications.

[Investigation of efficacy of phospholipovit for correction of the hepatic encephalopathy].

This paper presents the results of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of the drug Phospholipovit in different groups of patients, in particular with hepatic encephalopathy and with a high risk of its development (chronic alcohol intoxication). Efficacy of treatmernt was evaluated by the LNT test (link numbers test), and standard liver plasma markers (ALT, AST, GGT, AP). The LNT test in patients with encephalopathy showed better improvement after 5 days course of Phos-pholipovit than after standard therapy.

A Randomized Study of Peginterferon Lambda-1a Compared to Peginterferon Alfa-2a in Combination with Ribavirin and Telaprevir in Patients with Genotype-1 Chronic Hepatitis C.

Background: A randomized, double-blind, multinational, phase 3 study was conducted comparing the efficacy and safety of peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda)/ribavirin (RBV)/telaprevir (TVR) vs. peginterferon alfa-2a (Alfa)/RBV/TVR in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype-1 (GT-1) infection.

Methods: Patients (treatment-naïve or relapsers on prior Alfa/RBV treatment) were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive Lambda/RBV/TVR or Alfa/RBV/TVR.

Long-term results of the monocusp valve formation in the common femoral vein in patients with avalvular deep veins of the lower extremities.

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term results of the monocusp valve formation in the common femoral vein (CFV) in patients with avalvular deep veins (ADV) of the lower extremities.

Methods: A total of 36 patients (24 women and 12 men) at the age varying from 37 to 58 years old were given surgical treatment during the period from 2008 to 2014. Six patients presented with congenital ADV, while the remaining 30 ADV had a consequence of the post-thrombotic lesion in the valves with the complete recanalization and manifested deep venous axial reflux.

Role of Progenitor Cells in Liver Regeneration after Subtotal Resection.

In the liver of rats subjected to subtotal liver resection (80% organ weight), the expression of sox9 gene and SOX9 protein content increased and cells with hepatocyte morphology expressing SOX9 appeared; the proportion of cells expressing cytokeratin-19 also increased. Based on these data, we cannot completely exclude the involvement of resident progenitor cells and hepatocyte reprogramming in liver regeneration after subtotal resection, however, the contribution of these processes seems to be insignificant. The leading mechanism of liver mass recovery after subtotal resection is proliferation of hepatocytes.

Immune-inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis: Role of an adaptive immunity mainly driven by T and B cells.

Adaptive immune response plays an important role in atherogenesis. In atherosclerosis, the proinflammatory immune response driven by Th1 is predominant but the anti-inflammatory response mediated mainly by regulatory T cells is also present. The role of Th2 and Th17 cells in atherogenesis is still debated.

Effects of shear stress on endothelial cells: go with the flow.

Haemodynamic forces influence the functional properties of vascular endothelium. Endothelial cells (ECs) have a variety of receptors, which sense flow and transmit mechanical signals through mechanosensitive signalling pathways to recipient molecules that lead to phenotypic and functional changes. Arterial architecture varies greatly exhibiting bifurcations, branch points and curved regions, which are exposed to various flow patterns.

A Comparative Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of a Homeopathic Medicinal Product in Children with Sleep Disorders and Restlessness.

A prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the homeopathic product ZinCyp-3-02 in children with sleep disorders for ≥ one month compared to glycine. Children ≤ six years old received either ZinCyp-3-02 (N = 89) or comparator glycine (N = 90). After treatment for 28 days, total sleep-disorder-associated complaints severity scores decreased in both groups from median 7.