Ancient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep.

The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep () are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled from across Eurasia. Genomes from Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE are genetically proximal to the domestic origins of sheep but do not fully explain the ancestry of later populations, suggesting a mosaic of wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by ancient herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, and growth rate.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodid ticks from specific regions of northwestern Russia.

Russia is a country with a high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). In northwestern regions of Russia, 110 TBE cases were registered in 2021. The largest numbers of TBE cases were registered in the Arkhangelsk region and St.

Adjuvant Atezolizumab for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The ALEXANDRA/IMpassion030 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype with a high incidence in young patients, a high incidence in non-Hispanic Black women, and a high risk of progression to metastatic cancer, a devastating sequela with a 12- to 18-month life expectancy. Until recently, one strategy for treating early-stage triple-negative breast cancer was chemotherapy after surgery. However, it was not known whether the addition of immune therapy to postsurgery chemotherapy would be beneficial.

Rejection of the concept of hemiurid genus Pulmovermis (Digenea: Hemiuridae) and other taxonomic propositions: new morphological and molecular data regarding Lecithochirium cyanovitellosum (Coil and Kuntz, 1960) Urabe and Sokolov, comb. nov. (formerly Pulmovermis cyanovitellosus).

Pulmovermis cyanovitellosus Coil and Kuntz, 1960 is a species of hemiurid trematode that localizes in the lung of sea snakes, an unusual trait for this group of parasites. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies based on 28S rRNA gene sequences have shown that this species is closely related to members of the genus Lecithochirium Lühe, 1901. This finding is unexpected given that Pulmovermis Coil and Kuntz, 1960 and Lecithochirium are currently classified in different subfamilies of Hemiuridae (Pulmoverminae Sandars, 1961 vs.

Why has the 'miracidium' of Notocotylidae (Trematoda: Digenea) lost all stage-specific traits?

Digeneans of the family Notocotylidae differ from other digeneans in their peculiar eggs. The eggs feature a pair of long filaments extending from their poles, and their contents differ significantly from what we expect to observe in the eggs of digeneans. Instead of a ciliated miracidium larva, the notocotylid egg contains a tiny few-celled mother sporocyst.

Cost of lung cancer diagnosis: cost differences between national health system and private sector.

Lung cancer is still diagnosed at an advanced stage due to lack of early disease symptoms. We have techniques and equipment for rapid on site evaluation of pulmonary lesions. However, with new technology or a combination of technologies in the diagnostic suite the cost of biopsy is rising.

History and prospects of flax genetic markers.

Flax ( L.) is known as a dual-purpose crop, producing both fiber and oil, which have a wide range of uses. Successful flax breeding requires knowledge on the genetic determinants of flax traits.

does not give an advantage to the ectoparasitoid (Say, 1836) when it develops on an infected host.

The effect of on the viability and antimicrobial activity of the ectoparasitoid was evaluated in laboratory experiments. Two lines of the parasitoid, -infected (W+) and -free (W-), were used. Parasitoid larvae were fed with a host orally infected with a sublethal dose of (Bt) and on the host uninfected with Bt.

Evaluation of Lyso-Gb1 as a biomarker for Gaucher disease treatment outcomes using data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey.

Background: Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) require continual monitoring; however, lack of specific disease biomarkers was a significant challenge in the past. Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) has been shown to be a reliable, key, specific, and sensitive biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response in clinical studies of patients with GD. We evaluated the change in lyso-Gb1 concentration over time following enzyme replacement therapy in patients with confirmed GD using real-world data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey disease registry.

Polyp and tumor microenvironment reprogramming in colorectal cancer: insights from mucosal bacteriome and metabolite crosstalk.

Background: Highly frequent colorectal cancer (CRC) is predicted to have 3.2 million novel cases by 2040. Tumor microenvironment (TME) bacteriome and metabolites are proposed to be involved in CRC development.

Sanger validation of WGS variants.

With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies it became possible to simultaneously analyze millions of variants. Despite the quality improvement, it is generally still required to confirm the variants before reporting. However, in recent years the dominant idea is that one could define the quality thresholds for "high quality" variants which do not require orthogonal validation.

The Relationship Between Differential Expression of Non-coding RNAs (TP53TG1, LINC00342, MALAT1, DNM3OS, miR-126-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-18a-5p) and Protein-Coding Genes (PTEN, FOXO3) and Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown pathogenesis with no effective treatment currently available. Given the regulatory roles of lncRNAs (TP53TG1, LINC00342, H19, MALAT1, DNM3OS, MEG3), miRNAs (miR-218-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-18a-5p, miR-29a-3p), and their target protein-coding genes (PTEN, TGFB2, FOXO3, KEAP1) in the TGF-β/SMAD3, Wnt/β-catenin, focal adhesion, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, we investigated the expression levels of selected genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lung tissue from patients with IPF. Lung tissue and blood samples were collected from 33 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients and 70 healthy controls.

Salivary steroids in acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To analyze levels of salivary steroids, including 17-OH-progesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, cortisol, cortisone, progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol, in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients.

Methods: Acute CSCR patients and healthy individuals were included in this observational case-control study. Levels of salivary steroids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection.

State-of-the-Art Personalized Therapy Approaches for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Understanding the Mechanisms and Drivers.

Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life and imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden. Traditional treatment approaches often rely on a one-size-fits-all strategy, failing to account for individual variations in pathophysiological mechanisms, drivers, and the principles of personalized medicine. Furthermore, an overemphasis on biomechanical findings from imaging may lead to ineffective interventions and unnecessary surgical procedures, obscuring other important factors that contribute to pain perception.

Acute Kidney Injury as the First Manifestation of Sarcoidosis.

We describe a case of sarcoidosis in a previously healthy 39-year-old man with the development of an acute kidney injury, requiring renal replacement therapy, as the first manifestation of the disease. The course of the disease was complicated by a сatheter-associated bloodstream infection. According to the histological examination of kidney biopsy samples, granulomatous interstitial nephritis was diagnosed.

Cobalt polygalacturonates and the pharmacological composition based on them: Preparation, properties and cytotoxicity.

The aim of the present study was to obtain new metal complexes of citrus pectin with cobalt ions based on potassium polygalacturonate and to prepare a new pharmacological composition (PC) PGKCo: PGNaCo (1:1) with antitumor activity based on potassium cobalt polygalacturonate (PGKCo) and sodium cobalt polygalacturonate (PGNaCo). The study of the effect of PGKCo, PGNaCo and PC on the cell viability of tumor cell lines of different genesis in vitro showed that the obtained compounds are soluble in water and exhibit selective cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell lines of human lung carcinoma A549, breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and cervical carcinoma M-HeLa, with no significant toxic effect on normal human cells. The possible mechanism of action of the investigated PC on M-HeLa cancer cells was investigated.

A review on the role of nanocomposites for desulfurization of liquid transportation fuels.

Stringent sulfur removal regulations from transportation fuels from typical levels of 500 ppm to ultra-low levels of 10 ppm (BS-6 standard) present a critical challenge for the crude processing industry. This research thoroughly investigates emerging desulfurization technologies, with a focus on nanocomposite (NC) materials that exhibit exceptional sulfur removal efficiency. Advanced nanocomposite catalysts, such as (TBA)PWFe@TiO@PVA, have near-complete removal rates of 96-99% for complicated sulfur compounds like dibenzothiophene (DBT) and derivatives.

O-H/N-H bond dissociation energies in 1,4-hydroquinone, 4-hydroxydiphenylamine, N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, and their phenoxyl and aminyl radicals.

Gas phase bond dissociation energies (BDE) O-H/N-H in hydroquinone (HQ), 4-aminophenol (AP), 1,4-phenylenediamine (PDA), 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (HDPA), N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA) as well as in their phenoxyl/aminyl radicals have been determined using a combined technique of quantum chemical calculation. The technique included a series of DFT (PBE1PBE, TPSSTPSS, M06-2X), ab initio (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) methods with valence 3ξ-basis sets, composite methods of Gaussian family (G4) and Weizmann theory with ab initio Brueckner Doubles (W1BD), as well as reference reactions of different levels of structural similarity. W1BD method was used in combination with isodesmic reactions for BDE estimation (kJ∙mol) of compounds with the only aromatic fragment: BDE = 352.

Metabolic profiling of Achillea millefolium from the Chernobyl exclusion zone reveals the adaptive strategies to low-dose chronic radiation exposure.

The radionuclide contamination of the environment is an abiotic stress factor that influences biological systems. Plants growing in contaminated areas for many generations provide a unique opportunity to study adaptive strategies aimed at maintaining homeostasis under elevated radiation levels. Using non-targeted metabolomics approaches, we investigated the metabolomic profiles of Achillea millefolium L.

Prolgolimab with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Prolgolimab is an IgG1 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody with the Fc-silencing 'LALA' mutation. The phase III DOMAJOR study assessed efficacy and safety of prolgolimab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy vs placebo in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: 292 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to receive 4 cycles of pemetrexed, platinum-based drug and either prolgolimab (3 mg/kg Q3W) or placebo followed by prolgolimab/placebo with pemetrexed until disease progression or toxicity (≤36 months).

Chromosome length genome assembly of the stone marten (Martes foina, Mustelidae): a new view on one of the cornerstones in carnivore cytogenetics.

The stone marten (Martes foina) is an important species for cytogenetic studies in the order Carnivora. ZooFISH probes created from its chromosomes provided a strong and clean signal in chromosome painting experiments and were valuable for studying the evolution of carnivoran genome architecture. The research revealed that the stone marten chromosome set is similar to the presumed ancestral karyotype of the Carnivora, which added an additional value for the species.

NADPH oxidase derived ROS promote arterial contraction in early postnatal rats by activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca channels.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase promote contraction of peripheral arteries, which is especially pronounced in early postnatal period in comparison to adulthood, but the mechanisms of such vasomotor influence are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that Rho-kinase and protein kinase C (PKC) mediate procontractile influence of NADPH oxidase derived ROS in peripheral artery of early postnatal rats. In addition, we evaluated the involvement Src-kinase and L-type voltage-gated Ca channels (LTCC) into procontractile influence of ROS, produced by NADPH oxidase, because of their known interplay with Rho-kinase and PKC pathways.

Strong Limits on keV-Scale Galactic Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter with Stray Light from NuSTAR after 11 Years of Operation.

Using tremendous photon statistics gained with the stray light aperture of the NuSTAR telescope over 11 years of operation, we set strong limits on the emission of close to monochromatic photons from the radiative decays of putative dark matter sterile neutrinos in the Milky Way. In the energy range of 3-20 keV covered by the NuSTAR, the obtained limits reach the bottom edge of theoretical predictions of realistic models where sterile neutrinos are produced in the early Universe. Only a small region is left to explore, if the sterile neutrinos form the entire dark matter component.

Upper Limit on the Photoproduction Cross Section of the Spin-Exotic π_{1}(1600).

The spin-exotic hybrid meson π_{1}(1600) is predicted to have a large decay rate to the ωππ final state. Using 76.6  pb^{-1} of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions γp→ωπ^{+}π^{-}p, γp→ωπ^{0}π^{0}p, and γp→ωπ^{-}π^{0}Δ^{++} in the range E_{γ}=8-10  GeV.