The magnetic field dependence of cross-effect dynamic nuclear polarization under magic angle spinning.

We develop a theoretical description of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) in solids under Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) to describe the magnetic field dependence of the DNP effect. The treatment is based on an efficient scheme for numerical solution of the Liouville-von Neumann equation, which explicitly takes into account the variation of magnetic interactions during the sample spinning. The dependence of the cross-effect MAS-DNP on various parameters, such as the hyperfine interaction, electron-electron dipolar interaction, microwave field strength, and electron spin relaxation rates, is analyzed.

Three loop cusp anomalous dimension in QCD.

We present the full analytic result for the three loop angle-dependent cusp anomalous dimension in QCD. With this result, infrared divergences of planar scattering processes with massive particles can be predicted to that order. Moreover, we define a closely related quantity in terms of an effective coupling defined by the lightlike cusp anomalous dimension.

Measurement of the two-photon exchange contribution to the elastic e(±)p scattering cross sections at the VEPP-3 storage ring.

The ratio of the elastic e(+)p to e(-)p scattering cross sections has been measured precisely, allowing the determination of the two-photon exchange contribution to these processes. This neglected contribution is believed to be the cause of the discrepancy between the Rosenbluth and polarization transfer methods of measuring the proton electromagnetic form factors. The experiment was performed at the VEPP-3 storage ring at beam energies of 1.

Magnetic-dipole transitions in highly charged ions as a basis of ultraprecise optical clocks.

We evaluate the feasibility of using magnetic-dipole (M1) transitions in highly charged ions as a basis of an optical atomic clockwork of exceptional accuracy. We consider a range of possibilities, including M1 transitions between clock levels of the same fine-structure and hyperfine-structure manifolds. In highly charged ions these transitions lie in the optical part of the spectra and can be probed with lasers.

Conditional probability calculations for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with additive noise.

The method for the computation of the conditional probability density function for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with additive noise is developed. We present in a constructive form the conditional probability density function in the limit of small noise and analytically derive it in a weakly nonlinear case. The general theory results are illustrated using fiber-optic communications as a particular, albeit practically very important, example.

Mechanism of formation of subnanosecond current front in high-voltage pulse open discharge.

The mechanism of subnanosecond current front rise observed previously in the experiment in high-voltage pulse open discharge in helium is studied in kinetic particle-in-cell simulations. The Boltzmann equations for electrons, ions, and fast atoms are solved self-consistently with the Poisson equations for the electrical potential. The partial contributions to the secondary electron emission from the ions, fast atoms, photons, and electrons, bombarding the electrode, are calculated.

Search for a dark photon in e(+)e(-) collisions at BABAR.

Dark sectors charged under a new Abelian interaction have recently received much attention in the context of dark matter models. These models introduce a light new mediator, the so-called dark photon (A^{'}), connecting the dark sector to the standard model. We present a search for a dark photon in the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→γA^{'}, A^{'}→e^{+}e^{-}, μ^{+}μ^{-} using 514  fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector.

General theory of the multistage geminate reactions of the isolated pairs of reactants. II. Detailed balance and universal asymptotes of kinetics.

The analysis of general (matrix) kinetic equations for the mean survival probabilities of any of the species in a sample (or mean concentrations) has been made for a wide class of the multistage geminate reactions of the isolated pairs. These kinetic equations (obtained in the frame of the kinetic approach based on the concept of "effective" particles in Paper I) take into account various possible elementary reactions (stages of a multistage reaction) excluding monomolecular, but including physical and chemical processes of the change in internal quantum states carried out with the isolated pairs of reactants (or isolated reactants). The general basic principles of total and detailed balance have been established.

Transition from Arrhenius to non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of structural relaxation time in glass-forming liquids: continuous versus discontinuous scenario.

The temperature dependences of α relaxation time τ(α)(T) of three glass-forming liquids (salol, o-terphenyl, and α-picoline) were investigated by a depolarized light scattering technique. A detailed description of τ(α)(T) near T(A), the temperature of the transition from the Arrhenius law at high temperatures to a non-Arrhenius behavior of τ(α)(T) at lower temperatures, was done. It was found that this transition is quite sharp.

Long-lived spin States for low-field hyperpolarized gas MRI.

Parahydrogen induced polarization was employed to prepare a relatively long-lived correlated nuclear spin state between methylene and methyl protons in propane gas. Conventionally, such states are converted into a strong NMR signal enhancement by transferring the reaction product to a high magnetic field in an adiabatic longitudinal transport after dissociation engenders net alignment (ALTADENA) experiment. However, the relaxation time T1 of ∼0.

Search for CP violation in B0-B0 mixing using partial reconstruction of B0→D*- Xℓ+ νℓ and a kaon tag.

We present results of a search for CP violation in B0- B0 mixing with the BABAR detector. We select a sample of B0→D*- Xℓ+ ν decays with a partial reconstruction method and use kaon tagging to assess the flavor of the other B meson in the event. We determine the CP violating asymmetry ACP≡[N(B0B0)-N(B0B0)]/[N(B0B0)+N(B0B0)]=(0.

High-resolution 3D proton MRI of hyperpolarized gas enabled by parahydrogen and Rh/TiO2 heterogeneous catalyst.

Several supported metal catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and tested in heterogeneous hydrogenation of propene with parahydrogen to maximize nuclear spin hyperpolarization of propane gas using parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). The Rh/TiO2 catalyst with a metal particle size of 1.6 nm was found to be the most active and effective in the pairwise hydrogen addition and robust, demonstrating reproducible results with multiple hydrogenation experiments and stability for ≥1.

Transport properties of a 3D topological insulator based on a strained high-mobility HgTe film.

We investigate the magnetotransport properties of strained 80 nm thick HgTe layers featuring a high mobility of μ ∼ 4 × 10(5) cm(2)/V · s. By means of a top gate, the Fermi energy is tuned from the valence band through the Dirac-type surface states into the conduction band. Magnetotransport measurements allow us to disentangle the different contributions of conduction band electrons, holes, and Dirac electrons to the conductivity.

Long-term evolution of broken wakefields in finite-radius plasmas.

A novel effect of fast heating and charging a finite-radius plasma is discovered in the context of plasma wakefield acceleration. As the plasma wave breaks, most of its energy is transferred to plasma electrons. The electrons gain substantial transverse momentum and escape the plasma radially, which gives rise to a strong charge-separation electric field and azimuthal magnetic field around the plasma.

Strain-induced formation of fourfold symmetric SiGe quantum dot molecules.

The strain field distribution at the surface of a multilayer structure with disklike SiGe nanomounds formed by heteroepitaxy is exploited to arrange the symmetric quantum dot molecules typically consisting of four elongated quantum dots ordered along the [010] and [100] directions. The morphological transition from fourfold quantum dot molecules to continuous fortresslike quantum rings with an increasing amount of deposited Ge is revealed. We examine key mechanisms underlying the formation of lateral quantum dot molecules by using scanning tunneling microscopy and numerical calculations of the strain energy distribution on the top of disklike SiGe nanomounds.

Fluctuation theory of single-walled carbon nanotube formation.

In the framework of classical fluctuation theory an analytical formula is derived for the reversible work of formation of just detached carbon cap on the surface of catalyst nanoparticle (NP). This cap is considered as single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) formation center. The work of cap formation depends on the source carbon chemical potential μC.

Restriction on the energy and luminosity of e(+)e(-) storage rings due to beamstrahlung.

The role of beamstrahlung in high-energy e(+)e(-) storage-ring colliders (SRCs) is examined. Particle loss due to the emission of single energetic beamstrahlung photons is shown to impose a fundamental limit on SRC luminosities at energies 2E(0)≳140  GeV for head-on collisions and 2E(0)≳40  GeV for crab-waist collisions. With beamstrahlung taken into account, we explore the viability of SRCs in the 2E(0)=240-500   GeV range, which is of interest in the precision study of the Higgs boson.

Photon neutralizer as an example of an open billiard.

A simple photon cavity consisting of three flat mirrors is considered, which provides a model for a photon neutralizer of negative ion beams to be used in a neutral beam injector for plasma heating in fusion devices. Treating the system as an open mathematical billiard, the mechanism of photon scattering on the sharp boundary between two mirrors is described. Assuming a balance between the continuous injection of the photons into the device and their loss through its open ends, the stationary angular distribution of the photons in the trap is computed in closed form and an estimate for the confinement time of the photons in the neutralizer is provided.

Direct mapping of recoil in the ion-pair dissociation of molecular oxygen by a femtosecond depletion method.

Time-resolved dynamics of the photodissociation of molecular oxygen, O(2), via the (3)Sigma(u) (-) ion-pair state have been studied with femtosecond time resolution using a pump-probe scheme in combination with velocity map imaging of the resulting O(+) and O(-) ions. The fourth harmonic of a femtosecond titanium-sapphire (Ti:sapphire) laser (lambda approximately 205 nm) was found to cause three-photon pumping of O(2) to a level at 18.1 eV.

Competition between ultrafast relaxation and photoionization in excited prefluorescent states of tryptophan and indole.

The quantum yield of photoionization of TrpH and IndH from the nonrelaxed prefluorescent state S* increases with the temperature decrease. This effect is attributed to the competition between temperature independent ionization and ultrafast thermal relaxation S* --> S1. The rate constant of the relaxation does not depend on the solvent and on the presence of the amino acid side chain: the temperature dependences of photoionization quantum yield, obtained for TrpH and IndH in different solvents, practically coincide.

Ultraviolet photodissociation of the van der Waals dimer (CH3I)2 revisited. II. Pathways giving rise to neutral molecular iodine.

The formation of neutral I2 by the photodissociation of the methyl iodide dimer, (CH3I)2, excited within the A band at 249.5 nm is evaluated using velocity map imaging. In previous work [J.