Delimitation of the widely distributed Palearctic species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae): insights from molecular and morphological data.

Species delimitation presents a significant challenge in biology, particularly in systematics. Here, an integrative approach is employed to assess the species boundaries of widely distributed Palearctic species. Due to their diversity, wide distribution, and the absence of comprehensive morphological and molecular data for most species, revising is both daunting and time-consuming.

[New genetic tools for plant defense against parasitic nematodes].

. Nematodes belong to economically important pests. Here we reviewed the recent data on molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to cyst and gall nematodes including the most devastating Globodera rostochiensis, G.

Potato spindle tuber viroid.

Viroids belong to a very interesting class of molecules attracting researchers in phytopathology and molecular evolution. Here we review recent literature data concerning the genetics of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and the mechanisms related to its pathological effect on the host plants. PSTVd can be transmitted vertically through microspores and macrospores, but not with pollen from another infected plant.

gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae).

A new genus and new species of carabid beetle, , is described from mountains SW of Mianning City, Sichuan Province, China. This finding, from one side, extends the known distribution of Chinese hypogean trechines, and from another, it raises the upper limit of their vertical distribution to nearly 4000 m. Photographs of the habitus and major taxonomic characters, including the male genitalia, right mandible, and microsculpture patterns of the integument are supplied.

Empis s. str. (Diptera: Empididae) from Egypt, Israel and Syria: notes on some species described by J.E. Collin and a key to species.

The type material of three Empis s. str. species described by J.

Notes on species of Empididae (Diptera) described by R. Frey from the Swedish Kamchatka Expedition 1920-1922.

The type material of eight species of Empididae described by R. Frey in his 1935 paper referring to the Swedish Kamchatka Expedition 1920-1922 of René Malaise are revised: E. (Anacrostichus) pachymorion Frey, E.

New and little-known species of Empis (Diptera: Empididae) from Bulgaria, Israel and Turkey, with keys to the Palaearctic Pachymeria and the Mediterranean Xanthempis.

Empis (Pachymeria) vikhrevi sp. nov. is described from Bulgaria and Turkey (Bolu Province).

New data on the genus Platypalpus (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Caucasus with description of seven new species.

Currently, 47 species of the genus Platypalpus are known from the Caucasus including fourteen species recorded herein for the first time: P. albicornis (Zetterstedt, 1842), P. baldensis (Strobl, 1899), P.