Conformational Dynamics of Mitochondrial Inorganic Pyrophosphatase hPPA2 and Its Changes Caused by Pathogenic Mutations.

Inorganic pyrophosphatases, or PPases, are ubiquitous enzymes whose activity is necessary for a large number of biosynthetic reactions. The catalytic function of PPases is dependent on certain conformational changes that have been previously characterized based on the comparison of the crystal structures of various complexes. The current work describes the conformational dynamics of a structural model of human mitochondrial pyrophosphatase hPPA2 using molecular dynamics simulation, all-atom principal component analysis, and coarse-grained normal mode analysis.

Brain Bioelectric Responses to Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training in Indian and Russian University Students Studying in the Russian Arctic.

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BF) training aids adaptation to new climatic, geographical, and social environments. Neurophysiological changes during the HRV BF in individuals from tropical regions studying in the Arctic are not well understood. The aim of this study was to research electroencephalographic (EEG) changes during a single short-term HRV BF session in Indian and Russian students studying in the Russian Arctic.

Complex Inhibitor Protection of Some Steels in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives.

The behavior of low-carbon steels (LCSs), a high-strength steel and a nickel-chromium alloy in HCl solutions in the presence of N-containing organic substances has been studied. N-containing organic substances that comprise 1,2,4-triazole in their structure (substance I and substance II) provide comprehensive protection of various steel grades from corrosion and hydrogen absorption by the metal bulk in HCl solutions under both isobaric and isochoric conditions. All the compounds studied reduce, to varying degrees, the concentration of hydrogen adsorbed and absorbed by steel in HCl solutions.

Structural Regulation and Performance Enhancement of Carbon-Based Supercapacitors: Insights into Electrode Material Engineering.

The development of carbon-based supercapacitors is pivotal for advancing high energy and power density applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of structural regulation and performance enhancement strategies in carbon-based supercapacitors, focusing on electrode material engineering. Key areas explored include pore structure optimization, heteroatom doping, intrinsic defect engineering, and surface/interface modifications.

Features of the Defect Structure of LiNbO:Mg:B Crystals of Different Composition and Genesis.

We proposed and investigated a refinement of technology for obtaining Mg-doped LiNbO (LN) crystals by co-doping it with B. LN:Mg (5.0 mol%) is now the most widely used material based on bulk lithium niobate.

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Synthesis of Ni-Graphene Composite Supported on Screen-Printed Electrodes for Biogenic Amine Detection.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as versatile, sustainable media for the synthesis of nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, tunability, and biocompatibility. This study develops a one-step method to modify commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPE) using laser-induced pyrolysis of DES, consisting of choline chloride and tartaric acid with dissolved nickel acetate and dispersed graphene. The electrodes were patterned using a 532 nm continuous-wave laser for the in situ formation of Ni nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets directly on the SPE surface (Ni-G/SPE).

Efficient Corona Suppression Coatings and Their Behavior in Corrosive and Icy Environments.

High-voltage transmission lines face significant challenges due to environmental exposure, including corona discharge, ice accretion, and corrosion, which impact their durability and operational efficiency. This study investigates the performance of hydrophilic and superhydrophilic organosilane coatings applied to high-voltage wires to address these issues. Using a combination of experimental setups simulating real-world conditions, we evaluated corona discharge losses, ice adhesion, and corrosion resistance on coated and uncoated wires.

Studies of Thermal Conductivity of Graphite Foil-Based Composite Materials.

We have proposed and developed a method for measuring the thermal conductivity of highly efficient thermal conductors. The measurement method was tested on pure metals with high thermal conductivity coefficients: aluminum (99.999 wt.

Effect of Elemental Iron Containing Bauxite Residue Obtained After Electroreduction on High-Pressure Alkaline Leaching of Boehmitic Bauxite and Subsequent Thickening Rate.

The use of reduction leaching in the production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer process in order to decrease the amount of waste (bauxite residue) by adding elemental iron or aluminum, as well as Fe salts and organic compounds in the stage of high-pressure leaching, requires the purchase of relatively expensive reagents in large quantities. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of the use of electrolytically reduced bauxite residue (BR) as a substitute for these reagents. Reduced BR was obtained from Al-goethite containing BR using a bulk cathode in alkaline suspension.

Comparison of Pheromone Lures and Sticky Pad Color for Capturing (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

Tomato leaf miner (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has gained the status of major pest globally. Integrated pest management (IPM) consists of different control methods. This field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different pheromone-based traps to attract the male population and the potential of sticky pads of four different colors in capturing the adults in the absence of pheromone lures.

Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of and .

The lesser grain borer, (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and khapra beetle, E. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are primary stored-grain insect pests.

Heat and Cold Shocks Decrease the Incidence of Diapause in Larvae.

Insect diapause and response to thermal stress are similar in the variety of manifestations. However, the influence of thermal shocks on the incidence of insect diapause has not been sufficiently studied. Our laboratory experiments showed that both cold (-10 °C) and heat (43 °C) shocks experienced for at least 20-30 min significantly reduced the incidence of facultative larval winter diapause in the insect egg parasitoid .

Correction: Magin et al. Impact of Non-Covalent Interactions of Chiral Linked Systems in Solution on Photoinduced Electron Transfer Efficiency. 2023, , 9296.

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Regeneration of Vascular Endothelium in Different Large Vessels.

The regeneration of endothelial cells (ECs) lining arteries, veins, and large lymphatic vessels plays an important role in vascular pathology. To understand the mechanisms of atherogenesis, it is important to determine what happens during endothelial regeneration. A comparison of these processes in the above-mentioned vessels reveals both similarities and some significant differences.

Resilience of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Secondary Insults After Traumatic Brain Injury: Immediate Seizures, Survival, and Stress Response.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the primary causes of mortality and disability, with arterial blood pressure being an important factor in the clinical management of TBI. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), widely used as a model of essential hypertension and vascular dementia, demonstrate dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which may contribute to glucocorticoid-mediated hippocampal damage. The aim of this study was to assess acute post-TBI seizures, delayed mortality, and hippocampal pathology in SHRs and normotensive Sprague Dawley rats (SDRs).

Two-Step Cell Death Induction by the New 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Analog and Its Modulation by Lysophosphatidylinositol in Human Breast Cancer Cells.

2-arachnadoyl glycerol (2-AG) is one of the most common endocannabinoid molecules with anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and pro-proliferative effects on different types of tumors. Typically, it induces cell death via cannabinoid receptor 1/2 (CB1/CB2)-linked ceramide production. In breast cancer, ceramide is counterbalanced by the sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thus the mechanisms of 2-AG influence on proliferation are poorly understood.

Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are non-pathogenic, replication-deficient viruses that have gained widespread attention for their application as gene therapy vectors. While these vectors offer high transduction efficiency and long-term gene expression, the host immune response poses a significant challenge to their clinical success. This review focuses on the obstacles to evaluating the humoral response to AAVs.

Re-Sensitization of Resistant Ovarian Cancer SKOV3/CDDP Cells to Cisplatin by Curcumin Pre-Treatment.

A major challenging problem facing effective ovarian cancer therapy is cisplatin resistance. Re-sensitization of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin (CDDP) has become a critical issue. Curcumin (CUR), the most abundant dietary polyphenolic curcuminoids derived from turmeric (), has achieved previously significant anti-cancer effects against human ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3/CDDP cisplatin-resistant cells by inhibition the gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes (, , , and ), transcription factor and signaling pathway (//).

Genetic Structure of Hereditary Forms of Diabetes Mellitus in Russia.

Analyzing the genetic architecture of hereditary forms of diabetes in different populations is a critical step toward optimizing diagnostic and preventive algorithms. This requires consideration of regional and population-specific characteristics, including the spectrum and frequency of pathogenic variants in targeted genes. As part of this study, we used a custom-designed NGS panel to screen for mutations in 28 genes associated with the pathogenesis of hereditary diabetes mellitus in 506 unrelated patients from Russia.

A Fresh Look at Celery Collenchyma and Parenchyma Cell Walls Through a Combination of Biochemical, Histochemical, and Transcriptomic Analyses.

Celery () can be considered as a model plant for studying pectin-enriched primary cell walls. In addition to parenchyma cells with xyloglucan-deficient walls, celery petioles contain collenchyma, a mechanical tissue with thickened cell walls of similar composition. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of these tissues at both early and late developmental stages, integrating data on polysaccharide yield, composition, localization, and transcriptome analysis.

Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis by the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) Complex in Plants and Its Specific Features in Cereals.

Flavonoids are a large group of secondary metabolites, which are responsible for pigmentation, signaling, protection from unfavorable environmental conditions, and other important functions, as well as providing numerous benefits for human health. Various stages of flavonoid biosynthesis are subject to complex regulation by three groups of transcription regulators-MYC-like bHLH, R2R3-MYB and WDR which form the MBW regulatory complex. We attempt to cover the main aspects of this intriguing regulatory system in plants, as well as to summarize information on their distinctive features in cereals.

Charge Reversal of the Uppermost Arginine in Sliding Helix S4-I Affects Gating of Cardiac Sodium Channel.

Several mutations of the uppermost arginine, R219, in the voltage-sensing sliding helix S4 of cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 are reported in the ClinVar databases, but the clinical significance of the respective variants is unknown (VUSs). AlphaFold 3 models predicted a significant downshift of S4 in the R219C VUS.

Effect of a Low-Molecular-Weight Allosteric Agonist of the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor on Basal and Thyroliberin-Stimulated Activity of Thyroid System in Diabetic Rats.

The approaches to correct thyroid deficiency include replacement therapy with thyroid hormones (THs), but such therapy causes a number of side effects. A possible alternative is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor activators, including allosteric agonists. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ethyl-2-(4-(4-(5-amino-6-(-butylcarbamoyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)--1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) acetate (TPY3m), a TSH receptor allosteric agonist developed by us, on basal and thyroliberin (TRH)-stimulated TH levels and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in male rats with high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

SARS-CoV-2 FP1 Destabilizes Lipid Membranes and Facilitates Pore Formation.

SARS-CoV-2 viral entry requires membrane fusion, which is facilitated by the fusion peptides within its spike protein. These predominantly hydrophobic peptides insert into target membranes; however, their precise mechanistic role in membrane fusion remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how FP1 (SFIEDLLFNKVTLADAGFIK), the N-terminal fusion peptide, modulates membrane stability and barrier function across various model membrane systems.

A Method for the Precise Determination of the Intramolecular Potential Energy Surface on the Basis of Microwave and Submillimeter-Wave Spectra: Diatomic Molecules as a Relevant Illustration.

A new method for the precise semiempirical determination of the basic parameters (structural parameters and parameters of the intramolecular potential energy surface, PES) of a molecule on the basis of highly accurate experimental data from the microwave and submillimeter-wave regions is suggested. The options and advantages of this method in comparison with the other methods of molecular PES determination are discussed using a diatomic molecule as an appropriate illustration. The HCl molecule is exploited as a suitable example.