Viroids and Retrozymes: Plant Circular RNAs Capable of Autonomous Replication.

Among the long non-coding RNAs that are currently recognized as important regulatory molecules influencing a plethora of processes in eukaryotic cells, circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a distinct class of RNAs that are predominantly produced by back-splicing of pre-mRNA. The most studied regulatory mechanisms involving circRNAs are acting as miRNA sponges, forming R-loops with genomic DNA, and encoding functional proteins. In addition to circRNAs generated by back-splicing, two types of circRNAs capable of autonomous RNA-RNA replication and systemic transport have been described in plants: viroids, which are infectious RNAs that cause a number of plant diseases, and retrozymes, which are transcripts of retrotransposon genomic loci that are capable of circularization due to ribozymes.

Application of Supercritical CO Extraction and Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Three Species of Wild Rose from Kamchatka: , , and .

A comparative metabolomic study of three varieties of wild Rosa (, , and ) from a Kamchatka expedition (2024) was conducted via extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide modified with ethanol (EtOH), and detection of bioactive compounds was realized via tandem mass spectrometry. Several experimental conditions were investigated in the pressure range 50-350 bar, with the used volume of co-solvent ethanol in the amount of 2% in the liquid phase at a temperature in the range of 31-70 °C. The most effective extraction conditions are the following: pressure 200 Bar and temperature 55 °C for ; pressure 250 Bar and temperature 60 °C for ; pressure 200 Bar and temperature 60 °C for .

Highly Active Carbonic Anhydrase of the Thylakoid Lumen of .

The green unicellular algae contains 12-13 carbonic anhydrases (CAs). For a long time, the two closely related α-CAs of the periplasmic membrane CAH1 and CAH2 were considered to be the CAs with the highest CO hydration activity. The recombinant protein α-CA CAH3 (rCAH3) from the thylakoid lumen obtained in the present study showed more than three times higher activity compared to CAH1 and more than 11 times higher compared to previous studies with rCAH3.

Genetic Diversity of the Collection of Far Eastern spp. Revealed by RAD Sequencing Technology.

More than ten species of the Lindl. genus bear edible fruits rich in biologically active compounds, which are essential and beneficial for human health. The most popular cultivars today are the large-fruited species, and , commonly known as kiwi.

Artemisinin Stimulates Neuronal Cell Viability and Possess a Neuroprotective Effect In Vitro.

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the plant L., renowned for its antimalarial activity. Based on this compound, various derivatives and analogues have been obtained that exhibit diverse biological activities, including clinically approved drugs.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Granular Sorbents Based on Natural Bentonite Modified by Polyhydroxocations of Aluminum and Iron (III) by Co-Precipitation.

The physicochemical and adsorption properties of granular sorbents based on natural bentonite and modified sorbents based on it have been studied. It was found that modification of natural bentonite with iron (III) polyhydroxocations (mod. 1_Fe_5 GA) and aluminum (III) (mod.

Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activity of 2-Methyl-5-nitro-6-phenylnicotinohydrazide-Based Hydrazones.

The synthetic availability and wide range of biological activity of hydrazides and hydrazones make them attractive subjects for investigation. In this study, we focused on synthesis of 2-methyl-5-nitro-6-phenylnicotinohydrazide-based hydrazones derived from the corresponding substituted aldehydes. The structure of the obtained compounds was studied using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.

Novel Chlorin with a HYNIC: Synthesis, Tc-Radiolabeling, and Initial Preclinical Evaluation.

The use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostics in oncology allows for the detection of the disease at an early stage. Among diagnostic radionuclides, Tc is a promising isotope that has been used to create several drugs for clinical use. One of the most effective Tc chelators is 6-hydrazinylnicotinic acid (HYNIC), which, when combined with various vector molecules, can be used for targeted delivery of radionuclides to tumor tissues.

Conjugation of Triterpenic Acids with 3-Aminoquinuclidine Moiety: An Approach to Acetylcholinesterase Mixed or Uncompetitive Type Inhibitors.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant public health issue. Despite the fact that today there are several methods of maintenance therapy, one of the most widely used methods is designed to correct the deficiency of acetylcholine. In the search for new potential inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes, eight new derivatives of 3-oxo- or 2,3-indolo-triterpenic acid conjugated with amino-quinuclidine bicyclic cores were designed and synthesized.

Indocarbocyanine-Indodicarbocyanine (sCy3-sCy5) Absorptive Interactions in Conjugates and DNA Duplexes.

Sulfonated indocyanines 3 and 5 (sCy3, sCy5) are widely used to label biomolecules. Their high molar absorption coefficients and lack of spectral overlap with biopolymers make them ideal as linker components for rapid assessment of bioconjugate stoichiometry. We recently found that the determination of the sCy3:sCy5 molar ratio in a conjugate from its optical absorption spectrum is not straightforward, as the sCy3:sCy5 absorbance ratio at the maxima tends to be larger than expected.

Kinetic Aspects of Ethylene Glycol Degradation Using UV-C Activated Hydrogen Peroxide (HO/UV-C).

Ethylene glycol (EG) is a contaminant in the wastewater of airports because it is commonly used in aircraft deicing fluids during the cold season in northern regions. Ethylene glycol by itself has relatively low toxicity to mammals and aquatic organisms, but it can lead to a substantial increase in chemical and biological oxygen demands. The contamination of water with EG facilitates the rapid growth of microbial biofilms, which decreases the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water and negatively affects overall biodiversity.

Stock Dynamics of Female Red King Crab in a Small Bay of the Barents Sea in Relation to Environmental Factors.

Stock-recruitment relationships depend on the total abundance of females, their fecundity, and patterns of their maturation. However, the effects of climatic conditions on the abundance, biomass, and mean weight of female red king crabs, , from the introduced population (Barents Sea) have not yet been studied. For this reason, we analyzed long-term fluctuations in stock indices and the average weight of an individual crab in a small bay of the Barents Sea and related these parameters to the dynamics of temperature conditions (temperature in January-December, mean yearly temperature, and temperature anomaly) in the sea.

Global perspectives in acute and emergency general surgery in low and middle-income countries: a WSES project protocol for scoping review on global surgery.

Background: Around five billion people globally lack access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical facilities and care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Global initiatives have been launched, including efforts led by organizations. Also, regional efforts have shed light on the unique challenges faced by different areas within LMICs.

Dent disease: Clinical Practice Recommendations.

Dent disease is a rare X-linked tubulopathy that is characterized by low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria associated with hypercalciuria, which may lead to nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and kidney failure between the 3rd and the 5th decades of life in 30-80% of affected males. The disease is most often associated with various manifestations of proximal tubular dysfunction. Affected individuals may present nephrotic range proteinuria which may be misinterpreted and cause diagnostic delay.

Impact of algicidal fungus Aspergillus welwitschiae GF6 on harmful bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: Growth and physiological responses.

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCB) have become a common issue in freshwater worldwide. Biological methods for controlling HCB are relatively cost effective and environmentally friendly. The strain of ascomycete GF6 was isolated from a water sample collected from the estuarine zone of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland.

Tuning chitosan properties to enhance blood coagulation.

The search for new hemostatic materials remains a priority for researchers, as the problem of uncontrolled hemorrhage during surgical interventions or traumatic injuries represents a significant challenge. The objective of the study was to identify novel polysaccharide structures with enhanced hemostatic properties based on chitosan. The number of chitosan derivatives with two substituents was synthesized and characterized by H NMR, FTIR.

Sr and Cs distribution in Chornobyl forests: 30 years after the nuclear accident.

The primary aim of this study was to quantify patterns in the distribution of Sr and Cs activity in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.: 18 sites) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.: 2 sites) forests within the Chornobyl exclusion zone, 30 years after the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) accident (1986).

Across the firewall: Foreign media's role in shaping Chinese social media narratives on the Russo-Ukrainian War.

There is a widespread perception that China's digital censorship distances its people from the global internet, and the Chinese Communist Party, through state-controlled media, is the main gatekeeper of information about foreign affairs. Our analysis of narratives about the Russo-Ukrainian War circulating on the Chinese social media platform Weibo challenges this view. Comparing narratives on Weibo with 8.

The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils).

Polar ice cores and historical records evidence a large-magnitude volcanic eruption in 1831 CE. This event was estimated to have injected ~13 Tg of sulfur (S) into the stratosphere which produced various atmospheric optical phenomena and led to Northern Hemisphere climate cooling of ~1 °C. The source of this volcanic event remains enigmatic, though one hypothesis has linked it to a modest phreatomagmatic eruption of Ferdinandea in the Strait of Sicily, which may have emitted additional S through magma-crust interactions with evaporite rocks.

Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

Application of active biomonitoring technique for the assessment of air pollution by potentially toxic elements in urban areas in the Kemerovo Region, Russia.

In Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass, Southwest Siberia), there is the largest coal basin in Russia and one of the largest in the world. Active moss biomonitoring was applied to assess the impact of potentially toxic elements on air pollution in five urban areas of the region. In each of the chosen urban regions, the moss bags were exposed in November and December of 2022 at locations with varying degrees of anthropogenic pressure.

Nanoscale Titanium Oxide Memristive Structures for Neuromorphic Applications: Atomic Force Anodization Techniques, Modeling, Chemical Composition, and Resistive Switching Properties.

This paper presents the results of a study on the formation of nanostructures of electrochemical titanium oxide for neuromorphic applications. Three anodization synthesis techniques were considered to allow the formation of structures with different sizes and productivity: nanodot, lateral, and imprint. The mathematical model allowed us to calculate the processes of oxygen ion transfer to the reaction zone; the growth of the nanostructure due to the oxidation of the titanium film; and the formation of TiO, TiO, and TiO oxides in the volume of the growing nanostructure and the redistribution of oxygen vacancies and conduction channel.

Detonation Nanodiamond Soot-A Structurally Tailorable Hybrid Graphite/Nanodiamond Carbon-Based Material.

The results of a comprehensive investigation into the structure and properties of nanodiamond soot (NDS), obtained from the detonation of various explosive precursors (trinitrotoluene, a trinitrotoluene/hexogen mixture, and tetryl), are presented. The colloidal behavior of the NDS particles in different liquid media was studied. The results of the scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, and laser diffraction analysis suggested a similarity in the morphology of the NDS particle aggregates and agglomerates.

Simulation of Arc Discharge in an Argon/Methane Mixture, Taking into Account the Evaporation of Anode Material in Problems Related to the Synthesis of Functional Nanostructures.

In this work, within the framework of a self-consistent model of arc discharge, a simulation of plasma parameters in a mixture of argon and methane was carried out, taking into account the evaporation of the electrode material in the case of a refractory and non-refractory cathode. It is shown that in the case of a refractory tungsten cathode, almost the same methane conversion rate is observed, leading to similar values in the density of the main methane conversion products (C, C, H) at different values of the discharge current density. However, with an increase in the current density, the evaporation rate of copper atoms from the anode increases, and a jump in the - characteristic is observed, caused by a change in the plasma-forming ion.

Size Dependence of the Band Gap of Core-Shell Tantalum and Tantalum Oxide (V) Nanoclusters.

Monodisperse films of spherical tantalum oxide (V) nanoclusters and spherical tantalum nanoclusters with a tantalum oxide shell with diameters of 1.4-8 nm were obtained by magnetron sputtering. The size of the deposited nanoclusters was controlled using a quadrupole mass filter.