Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of and .

The lesser grain borer, (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and khapra beetle, E. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are primary stored-grain insect pests.

Heat and Cold Shocks Decrease the Incidence of Diapause in Larvae.

Insect diapause and response to thermal stress are similar in the variety of manifestations. However, the influence of thermal shocks on the incidence of insect diapause has not been sufficiently studied. Our laboratory experiments showed that both cold (-10 °C) and heat (43 °C) shocks experienced for at least 20-30 min significantly reduced the incidence of facultative larval winter diapause in the insect egg parasitoid .

Correction: Magin et al. Impact of Non-Covalent Interactions of Chiral Linked Systems in Solution on Photoinduced Electron Transfer Efficiency. 2023, , 9296.

The journal's Editorial Office and Editorial Board are jointly issuing a resolution and removal of the Journal Notice linked to this article [...

Regeneration of Vascular Endothelium in Different Large Vessels.

The regeneration of endothelial cells (ECs) lining arteries, veins, and large lymphatic vessels plays an important role in vascular pathology. To understand the mechanisms of atherogenesis, it is important to determine what happens during endothelial regeneration. A comparison of these processes in the above-mentioned vessels reveals both similarities and some significant differences.

Resilience of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Secondary Insults After Traumatic Brain Injury: Immediate Seizures, Survival, and Stress Response.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the primary causes of mortality and disability, with arterial blood pressure being an important factor in the clinical management of TBI. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), widely used as a model of essential hypertension and vascular dementia, demonstrate dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which may contribute to glucocorticoid-mediated hippocampal damage. The aim of this study was to assess acute post-TBI seizures, delayed mortality, and hippocampal pathology in SHRs and normotensive Sprague Dawley rats (SDRs).

Two-Step Cell Death Induction by the New 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Analog and Its Modulation by Lysophosphatidylinositol in Human Breast Cancer Cells.

2-arachnadoyl glycerol (2-AG) is one of the most common endocannabinoid molecules with anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and pro-proliferative effects on different types of tumors. Typically, it induces cell death via cannabinoid receptor 1/2 (CB1/CB2)-linked ceramide production. In breast cancer, ceramide is counterbalanced by the sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thus the mechanisms of 2-AG influence on proliferation are poorly understood.

Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are non-pathogenic, replication-deficient viruses that have gained widespread attention for their application as gene therapy vectors. While these vectors offer high transduction efficiency and long-term gene expression, the host immune response poses a significant challenge to their clinical success. This review focuses on the obstacles to evaluating the humoral response to AAVs.

Re-Sensitization of Resistant Ovarian Cancer SKOV3/CDDP Cells to Cisplatin by Curcumin Pre-Treatment.

A major challenging problem facing effective ovarian cancer therapy is cisplatin resistance. Re-sensitization of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin (CDDP) has become a critical issue. Curcumin (CUR), the most abundant dietary polyphenolic curcuminoids derived from turmeric (), has achieved previously significant anti-cancer effects against human ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3/CDDP cisplatin-resistant cells by inhibition the gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes (, , , and ), transcription factor and signaling pathway (//).

Genetic Structure of Hereditary Forms of Diabetes Mellitus in Russia.

Analyzing the genetic architecture of hereditary forms of diabetes in different populations is a critical step toward optimizing diagnostic and preventive algorithms. This requires consideration of regional and population-specific characteristics, including the spectrum and frequency of pathogenic variants in targeted genes. As part of this study, we used a custom-designed NGS panel to screen for mutations in 28 genes associated with the pathogenesis of hereditary diabetes mellitus in 506 unrelated patients from Russia.

A Fresh Look at Celery Collenchyma and Parenchyma Cell Walls Through a Combination of Biochemical, Histochemical, and Transcriptomic Analyses.

Celery () can be considered as a model plant for studying pectin-enriched primary cell walls. In addition to parenchyma cells with xyloglucan-deficient walls, celery petioles contain collenchyma, a mechanical tissue with thickened cell walls of similar composition. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of these tissues at both early and late developmental stages, integrating data on polysaccharide yield, composition, localization, and transcriptome analysis.

Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis by the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) Complex in Plants and Its Specific Features in Cereals.

Flavonoids are a large group of secondary metabolites, which are responsible for pigmentation, signaling, protection from unfavorable environmental conditions, and other important functions, as well as providing numerous benefits for human health. Various stages of flavonoid biosynthesis are subject to complex regulation by three groups of transcription regulators-MYC-like bHLH, R2R3-MYB and WDR which form the MBW regulatory complex. We attempt to cover the main aspects of this intriguing regulatory system in plants, as well as to summarize information on their distinctive features in cereals.

Charge Reversal of the Uppermost Arginine in Sliding Helix S4-I Affects Gating of Cardiac Sodium Channel.

Several mutations of the uppermost arginine, R219, in the voltage-sensing sliding helix S4 of cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 are reported in the ClinVar databases, but the clinical significance of the respective variants is unknown (VUSs). AlphaFold 3 models predicted a significant downshift of S4 in the R219C VUS.

Effect of a Low-Molecular-Weight Allosteric Agonist of the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor on Basal and Thyroliberin-Stimulated Activity of Thyroid System in Diabetic Rats.

The approaches to correct thyroid deficiency include replacement therapy with thyroid hormones (THs), but such therapy causes a number of side effects. A possible alternative is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor activators, including allosteric agonists. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ethyl-2-(4-(4-(5-amino-6-(-butylcarbamoyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)--1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) acetate (TPY3m), a TSH receptor allosteric agonist developed by us, on basal and thyroliberin (TRH)-stimulated TH levels and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in male rats with high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

SARS-CoV-2 FP1 Destabilizes Lipid Membranes and Facilitates Pore Formation.

SARS-CoV-2 viral entry requires membrane fusion, which is facilitated by the fusion peptides within its spike protein. These predominantly hydrophobic peptides insert into target membranes; however, their precise mechanistic role in membrane fusion remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how FP1 (SFIEDLLFNKVTLADAGFIK), the N-terminal fusion peptide, modulates membrane stability and barrier function across various model membrane systems.

A Method for the Precise Determination of the Intramolecular Potential Energy Surface on the Basis of Microwave and Submillimeter-Wave Spectra: Diatomic Molecules as a Relevant Illustration.

A new method for the precise semiempirical determination of the basic parameters (structural parameters and parameters of the intramolecular potential energy surface, PES) of a molecule on the basis of highly accurate experimental data from the microwave and submillimeter-wave regions is suggested. The options and advantages of this method in comparison with the other methods of molecular PES determination are discussed using a diatomic molecule as an appropriate illustration. The HCl molecule is exploited as a suitable example.

Ultrastructural Study and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Mesencephalic Tegmentum in Juvenile Chum Salmon () Brain After Acute Traumatic Injury.

The ultrastructural organization of the nuclei of the tegmental region in juvenile chum salmon () was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dorsal tegmental nuclei (DTN), the nucleus of (NFLM), and the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (NIII) were studied. The ultrastructural examination provided detailed ultrastructural characteristics of neurons forming the tegmental nuclei and showed neuro-glial relationships in them.

Bypass of Methoxyamine-Adducted Abasic Sites by Eukaryotic Translesion DNA Polymerases.

The apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP site) is a highly mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesion. Normally, AP sites are removed from DNA by base excision repair (BER). Methoxyamine (MOX), a BER inhibitor currently under clinical trials as a tumor sensitizer, forms adducts with AP sites (AP-MOX) resistant to the key BER enzyme, AP endonuclease.

The Dps Protein Protects DNA in the Form of the Trimer.

The Dps protein is the major DNA-binding protein of prokaryotes, which protects DNA during starvation by forming a crystalline complex. The structure of such an intracellular DNA-Dps complex is still unknown. However, the phenomenon of a decrease in the size of the Dps protein from 90 Å to 69-75 Å during the formation of a complex with DNA has been repeatedly observed, and no explanation has been given.

Diverse Interactions of Sterols with Amyloid Precursor Protein Transmembrane Domain Can Shift Distribution Between Alternative Amyloid-β Production Cascades in Manner Dependent on Local Lipid Environment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is correlated with the membrane content of various lipid species, including cholesterol, whose interactions with amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been extensively explored. Amyloid-β peptides triggering AD are products of APP cleavage by secretases, which differ depending on the APP and secretase location relative to ordered or disordered membrane microdomains. We used high-resolution NMR to probe the interactions of the cholesterol analog with APP transmembrane domain in two membrane-mimicking systems resembling ordered or perturbed lipid environments (bicelles/micelles).

Various Options for Covalent Immobilization of Cysteine Proteases-Ficin, Papain, Bromelain.

This study explores various methods for the covalent immobilization of cysteine proteases (ficin, papain, and bromelain). Covalent immobilization involves the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme and a carrier or between enzyme molecules themselves without a carrier using a crosslinking agent. This process enhances the stability of the enzyme and allows for the creation of preparations with specific and controlled properties.

Pyrrolysine Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Tool for Expanding the Genetic Code.

In addition to the 20 canonical amino acids encoded in the genetic code, there are two non-canonical ones: selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. The discovery of pyrrolysine synthetases (PylRSs) was a key event in the field of genetic code expansion research. The importance of this discovery is mainly due to the fact that the translation systems involving PylRS, pyrrolysine tRNA (tRNA) and pyrrolysine are orthogonal to the endogenous translation systems of organisms that do not use this amino acid in protein synthesis.

Cholesterol Attenuates the Pore-Forming Capacity of CARC-Containing Amphipathic Peptides.

Artificial peptides P4, A1 and A4 are homologous to amphipathic α-helical fragments of the influenza virus M1 protein. P4 and A4 contain the cholesterol recognition sequence CARC, which is absent in A1. As shown previously, P4 and A4 but not A1 have cytotoxic effects on some eukaryotic and bacterial cells.

Cr-Doped Nanocrystalline TiO-CrO Nanocomposites with p-p Heterojunction as a Stable Gas-Sensitive Material.

Nanocrystalline TiO is a perspective semiconductor gas-sensing material due to its long-term stability of performance, but it is limited in application because of high electrical resistance. In this paper, a gas-sensing nanocomposite material with p-p heterojunction is introduced based on p-conducting Cr-doped TiO in combination with p-conducting CrO. Materials were synthesized via a single-step flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) technique and comprehensively studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, transition electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and Raman spectroscopy.

Au Acyclic (Amino)(N-Pyridinium)carbenoids: Synthesis via Addition of 2-PySeCl to Au-Bound Isonitriles, Structures, and Cytotoxicity.

In this study, we report the first example of acyclic (amino)(N-pyridinium)carbenoid gold(III) complexes synthesized via a coupling reaction between 2-pyridylselenyl chloride and Au(I)-bound isonitriles. The reaction involves an initial oxidative addition of the Se-Cl moiety to Au(I), followed by the nucleophilic addition of the pyridine fragment to the isonitrile's C≡N bond, furnishing a metallacycle. Importantly, this is the first example of the pyridine acting as a nucleophile towards metal-bound isonitriles.

Responsivity of Two Pea Genotypes to the Symbiosis with Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi-A Proteomics Aspect of the "Efficiency of Interactions with Beneficial Soil Microorganisms" Trait.

It is well known that individual pea ( L.) cultivars differ in their symbiotic responsivity. This trait is typically manifested with an increase in seed weights, due to inoculation with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.