The Influence of Triterpenoids in the Composition of Fat-Containing Products on the State of the Liver of Laboratory Animals with Acute Toxic Hepatitis.

Unlabelled: One of the principles of prevention and non-drug treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis of various etiologies, is the normalization of the diet, including the use of daily diet foods with physiologically active ingredients, in particular betulin, which helps to reduce metabolic and oxidative processes within liver cells. The aim of the work was to evaluate the in vivo effect of triterpene alcohol betulin Roth isolated from the bark of birch Betula pendula Roth. added to fat-containing products (for example, mayonnaise) on the biochemical parameters of blood and the morphological structure of the liver of rats with initiated acute toxic hepatitis.

Assessment of Long-Term Cultivated In Vitro Willow Clones according to Chromosomal Analysis.

Creation and long-term in vitro maintenance of valuable genotype collection is one of the modern approach to conservation of valuable gene pool of woody plants. However, during prolonged cultivation, genetic variability of cells and tissues may accumulate and lead to the loss of valuable characteristics of parental plants. It is therefore important to assess the genetic (including cytogenetic) stability of collection clones.

Study of the Pharmacological Activity Spectrum of the New Original NT-3 Mimetic Dipeptide GTS-302.

Unlabelled: The association of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, depression, anxiety, and cognitive disorders with neurotrophin-3 deficiency determines the prospect of creating drugs with a similar mechanism of action. Since the use of full-length NT-3 is limited by unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic properties, the creation of low-molecular mimetics of neurotrophin-3 that are active when administered systemically is relevant. The Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies has created a dimeric dipeptide mimetic of the 4th loop of NT-3, hexamethylenediamide bis-(N-γ-oxybutyryl-L-glutamyl-L-asparagine) with the laboratory code GTS-302, which activates TrkC and TrkB receptors.

Parametric Search for Optimal Channel Shape for Swirling Blood Flow in the Heart and Main Vessels.

The study presents a numerical parametric investigation of flow structures in channels with a longitudinal-radial profile zR = Const and a spherical dome at the base. The goal of the study was to examine the flow structures in these channels depending on the exponent N of the profile and the height of the dome, to determine the conditions that provide optimal centripetal swirling flow, analogous to blood flow in the heart chambers and major vessels. The investigation was conducted using a comparative analysis of flow structures in channel configurations zR = Const, carried out in two stages.

Alteration of the Catalytic Properties of the Epoxyalcohol Synthase CYP443D1 (NvEAS) of the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis as a Result of a Single Amino Acid Substitution.

Cytochromes of the P450 superfamily are widespread in nature; they were found in all studied aerobic organisms. Although the degree of similarity between cytochromes P450 of different families is low, all enzymes of this superfamily have similar tertiary structures. In addition, all cytochromes P450, including enzymes of the CYP74 clan, contain substrate recognition sites in their sequences, which form the catalytic center.

Influence of Retrodipeptide Analogue of Cholecystokinin Tetrapeptide (GB-115) and Phenazepam on the Behavior of Rhesus Monkeys under Isolation Conditions.

Introduction: The developed domestic retrodipeptide analogue of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK) (N-(6-phenylhexanoyl)-glycyltryptophan amide, or compound GB-115) with antagonistic properties in relation to CCK1 receptors has anxiolytic activity previously shown in preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of GB-115 as a tablet form with subchronic oral administration in comparison with phenazepam in nonhuman primates.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on four male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) aged 5.

Transcriptomic Shifts in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells during Microgravity Simulation.

One of the most obvious manifestations of the negative impact of space flight factors on the human physiology is osteopenia. With the active development of manned space flights and the increase in the duration of humans' persistence in weightlessness, there is a growing need to understand the mechanisms of changes occurring at the cellular level involved in the replenishment of bone tissue. Using the RNA sequencing method, changes in the transcriptome profile of MMSCs were studied after a 5-day simulation of the microgravity effects.

Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid as a Promising Inducer of Ferroptosis: Dynamics of Action in Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Models.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) associated with lipid membrane peroxidation. It has gained attention in cancer research because some tumor cells that are resistant to other forms of PCD are sensitive to ferroptosis. Despite the significant amount of research on ferroptosis, the list of known inducers remains limited, creating opportunities to discover new compounds with clinical potential.

Low-molecular-weight Ligand of the Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor with the Activity of a Partial Agonist and a Negative Allosteric Modulator.

Graves' disease is caused by overactivation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). One approach for its treatment may be the use of negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of TSHR, which normalize TSHR activity and do not cause thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency. The aim of the work was to study the effect of a new compound 5-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid N-tert-butylamide (TPY4) on the basal and TSH-stimulated TH production in cultured FRTL-5 thyrocytes and on basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated TH levels in the blood of rats.

New N-Substituted Adenine Derivatives with High Antiviral Activity against RNA-Containing Viruses.

In this work, two new compounds, N-(4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)adenine and N-(3,5-di-trifluoromethylphenyl)adenine, with a broad range of antiviral activity against RNA viruses were identified. We showed that these compounds exhibit pronounced antiviral activity against human poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, belonging to enterovirus C species. Both compounds also demonstrated pronounced antiviral activity against Coxsackie viruses B3, B5, and B6, belonging to enterovirus B species.

Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Recycling Genes Are Involved in the Responses of Garlic Allium sativum L. Plants to Fusarium proliferatum Infection.

The expression profile of the key genes of biosynthesis (VTC2, GPP, GalDH, and GalLDH) and recycling (MDHAR1, MDHAR4, and MDHAR5) of ascorbate in response to infection with the fungal pathogen Fusarium proliferatum in garlic cultivars resistant (Podnebesny) and sensitive (Dubkovsky) to Fusarium rot was determined. It was found that differences in resistance to Fusarium lead to discrepancies in the dynamics and expression of individual genes of the ascorbate pathway, as well as in the ascorbate content. It was shown that, in response to infection, the expression level of the MDHAR4 gene increases in the resistant cultivar and decreases in the Fusarium-sensitive accession.

Analgesic Activity of the Low Molecular Weight Neurotrophin-3 Dipeptide Mimetic GTS-301.

It was previously shown that the original dipeptide mimetic of the 4th loop of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) hexamethylenediamide bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-asparaginyl-L-asparagine) (GTS-301), like the full-length neurotrophin, predominantly activates the tyrosine kinase receptor TrkC and has a neuroprotective effect in vitro at concentrations of 10-10 M, as well as antidiabetic (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) and antidepressant (5 and 10 mg/kg) effects after systemic administration in rodents.

Cardiac Lymph Flow Features and New Opportunities for Their Experimental Visualization.

The aim of this study was to describe the features of myocardial lymph flow using a new combined method of visualization of the lymphatic system. The study was performed on pig hearts harvested from a local slaughterhouse. The original dye, consisting of lipid-soluble chlorophyll and lipiodol, was injected stepwise into the lymphatic vessels.

Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity of Low Doses of Radiation Associated with Activation of Cells' Defense System.

Background: The effects of ionizing radiation (IR) involve a highly orchestrated series of events in cells, including DNA damage and repair, cell death, and changes in the level of proliferation associated with the stage of the cell cycle. A large number of existing studies in literature have examined the activity of genes and their regulators in mammalian cells in response to high doses of ionizing radiation. Although there are many studies, the research in effect of low doses of ionizing radiation remains limited.

Nudibranch Coryphella trophina (Bergh, 1890) (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) Uses Twice Stolen Nematocysts for Its Defense.

Most nudibranchs feed on hydroids and anemones and utilize kleptocnidae, which are stinging capsules stolen from eaten victims, for their own defense. The nudibranch Coryphella trophina (Bergh, 1890) was found to eat other nudibranchs. Stinging capsules that the predator uses for its defense have been stolen twice: first by mollusks feeding on cnidarians and then by C.

Expression of HOX Cluster Genes in Early Larval Development of Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Echinodermata, Echinoidea).

Expression of 11 genes of the Hox cluster (SiHox1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9/10, 11/13a, 11/13b, and 11/13c) was assessed in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius at early developmental stages, including the blastula (13 h post fertilization (hpf)), gastrula (35 hpf), prism (46 hpf), and pluteus (4 and 9 days post fertilization (dpf)) stages. Expression of SiHox7, 11/13b, and 11/13c was observed at the blastula stage; early activation of 11/13c was detected for the first time in regular sea urchins. The expression level was very low at the gastrula and prism stages.

In Vivo UV-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Skin in Parkinson's Disease.

Characteristic patterns of UV-induced skin autofluorescence were determined for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and associated with dysmetabolic alterations, such as nonenzymatic protein glycation, an increase in extracellular matrix stiffness, impaired metabolism of tissue fluorophores, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of aberrant proteins. Key differences in skin autofluorescence spectra were for the first time observed in PD, making it possible to discriminate between PD patients and healthy persons or individuals without signs of chronic neurodegeneration. Namely, skin fluorescence related to the reflected signal upon excitation with UV light at 375 nm was lower in PD patients.

Efficacy of Poloxamer 188 in Carboplatin-Induced Aplastic Anemia Model in CBA Mice.

Poloxamer 188 (P188) was tested for effect on medullary hematopoiesis in aplastic anemia. P188 was administered to CBA mice with developing anemia via oral gavage at doses of 10, 100, and 500 mg/kg. A dose-dependent effect was observed, including an increase in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte count.

SUMOylation of TRIM28 is positively modulated by the BTB/POZ domain of Kaiso.

Background: TRIM28 plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability and establishing imprinting, facilitated by the diversity of KRAB zinc finger proteins. The SUMOylation of TRIM28 is essential for its function and is enhanced in the presence of the KRAB domain. Previously, we demonstrated that Kaiso, another factor capable of interacting with TRIM28, can promote its SUMOylation.

Centriolar cap proteins CP110 and CPAP control slow elongation of microtubule plus ends.

Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles required for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Centriolar microtubules, unlike their cytosolic counterparts, are stable and grow very slowly, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we reconstituted in vitro the interplay between the proteins that cap distal centriole ends and control their elongation: CP110, CEP97, and CPAP/SAS-4.

Hypoxia-activated dissociation of heteroleptic cobalt(III) complexes with functionalized 2,2'-bipyridines and a model anticancer drug esculetin.

A low oxygen level in solid tumors is behind the modern concept of selective chemotherapy by hypoxia-activated prodrugs, such as heteroleptic complexes of transition metals (cobalt(III), iron(III) or platinum(IV)) with bi- or tetradentate ligands and an anticancer drug molecule as a co-ligand. A series of new cobalt(III) complexes [Co(LR)(esc)]ClO with esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) and 2,2'-bipyridines (2,2'-bipy) functionalized by different substituents R were probed in the hypoxia-activated delivery of this model anticancer drug. Their combined study by cyclic voltammetry and NMR spectroscopy allowed identifying linear correlations of the electrochemical reduction potentials and the rate of the hypoxia-activated dissociation of [Co(LR)(esc)]ClO with the Hammett constants of the substituents in 2,2'-bipy ligands.

Physico-chemical properties and substrate specificity of α-(1→3)-d-glucan degrading recombinant mutanase from expressed in .

Unlabelled: The gene encoding fungus mutanase (MutA, GH71 family, α-1,3-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.

Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers of Various Forms of Epilepsy.

: Epilepsy is a group of disorders characterized by a cluster of clinical and EEG signs leading to the formation of abnormal synchronous excitation of neurons in the brain. It is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide; and is characterized by aberrant expression patterns; both at the level of matrix transcripts and at the level of regulatory RNA sequences. Aberrant expression of a number of microRNAs can mark a particular epileptic syndrome; which will improve the quality of differential diagnosis.

Impact of Gene Knockout on Cell Aggregation in Suspension Culture.

The development of efficient producers of recombinant pharmaceuticals based on plant cell suspension cultures is a pressing challenge in modern applied science. A primary limitation of plant cell cultures is their relatively low yield of the target protein. One strategy to enhance culture productivity involves reducing cell aggregation.

Reducing the Formation of Toxic Byproducts During the Photochemical Release of Epinephrine.

Engineered light-sensitive molecules offer a sophisticated toolkit for the manipulation of biological systems with both spatial and temporal precision. Notably, artificial "caged" compounds can activate specific receptors solely in response to light exposure. However, the uncaging process can lead to the formation of potentially harmful byproducts.