[The effect of Mexidol on the level of neurogenesis markers in acute cerebrovascular accident in the experiment].

Objective: To study the effect of Mexidol on the level of factors regulating neuroregenesis.

Material And Methods: The study was performed on male Wistar rats. Focal cerebral ischemia was reproduced by endovascular occlusion-reperfusion of the right medial cerebral artery.

[Impairments in sustained attention and the efficiency of psychomotor activity during episodes of spontaneous awakening from daytime sleep].

Objective: To study attention span (vigilance) disorders and identify their objective characteristics in a sleep inertia state after spontaneous awakening from daytime sleep.

Material And Methods: In 15 healthy subjects (students), a bimanual psychomotor test was used to analyze attention span disorders after waking up from the stage 2 of daytime sleep. The number of button presses with the right and left hands was used to assess the disorders: compliant and non-compliant (a smaller number) with the instruction.

[Features of parameters of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with alcoholism with different flexibility of cognitive functions].

Objective: To study the parameters of regional cerebral hemodynamics in patients with alcoholism with different flexibility of cognitive functions.

Material And Methods: Fifty-eight patients with alcoholism were examined. The flexibility of cognitive functions was evaluated using the Stroop test.

[Cognitive vascular disorders and morphometric parameters of the prefrontal, dorsolateral cortex and thalamus in post-stroke patients].

Objective: To assess the relationship between the size of the prefrontal, dorsolateral cortex and the thalamus according to brain CT scans and cognitive functions in patients in the early recovery period of cerebral ischemic stroke.

Material And Methods: One hundred two patients (67.6% males) in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke were examined using a short scale of mental status and the Montreal scale of cognitive function and morphometry of the dorsolateral cortex and thalamus according to brain CT scans performed in the acute period of ischemic stroke.

[Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of Botulinum toxin type A - hemagglutinin preparations of the Relatox and Botox complex in the treatment of patients with primary idiopathic blepharospasm].

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of Relatox (Botulinum toxin type A - hemagglutinin complex) in comparison with Botox in the treatment of primary idiopathic blepharospasm.

Material And Methods: The study included clinical data for 21 patients with blepharospasm who were treated by botulinum therapy with Botox and Relatox for 3 years. The research method is a one-step retrospective analysis of medical data.

[Sequential use of botulinum toxin A and bovhyaluronidase azoximer in the correction of post-stroke spasticity].

A clinical case of consistent use of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) and azoximer bovhialuronidase (BA) in a 69-year-old patient who suffered an ischemic stroke (II) with right-sided hemiparesis is presented. BTA (incobotulotoxin) was injected under ultrasound control (ultrasound) into the muscles of the target pathological patterns at a dose of 500 units. After 3 weeks, under the control of ultrasound navigation, BA was injected into the 2 most fibrotic shoulder muscles at a dose of 3.

[Efficacy and safety of fonturacetam in asthenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis].

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of Actitropil (fonturacetam) in asthenia.

Material And Methods: This meta-analysis includes the studies results on fonturacetam efficacy in asthenia. After checking for the risk of bias and the risk of systematic errors, the meta-analysis included 11 articles.

[Comparing the efficacy of divozilimab and second-line treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the Russian Federation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis].

Objective: To compare efficacy of the new drug divozilimab with other second-line treatment options for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that have been already included or submitted application to be included into the «14 high-cost nosologies» program in the Russian Federation.

Material And Methods: We conducted systematic literature review (PROSPERO ID CRD42022310082) and frequentist network meta-analysis of 2-years efficacy of divozilimab and other second-line therapies to treat RRMS.

Results: Annualized relapse rate ratio in divozilimab vs fingolimod was 0.

[A personalized approach to the treatment of chronic tension headache and comorbid mental disorders].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a standard and personalized approach to the management of patients with chronic tension headache (CTH) and concomitant mental disorders.

Material And Methods: The study included 97 CTH patients, randomized into two groups. Patients in Group 1 (main) (45) received a personalized approach, including psychiatrist consulting and psychopharmacotherapy, according to their comorbid psychopathological symptoms.

[Clinical and psychopathological features of treatment-resistant schizophrenia].

Objective: To study the psychopathological structure of resistant schizophrenia with the distinguishing of various clinical variants.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted at emergency departments of the round-the-clock Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, named after N.

[Clinical and immunological relationships in patients with early schizophrenia].

Objective: To study clinical and immunological relationships in patients with early schizophrenia during remission.

Material And Methods: Forty-eight patients (53% females and 47% males) were examined at the initial stage of schizophrenia during remission (age 28.3±5.

[PANSS six-factor model].

Objective: To analyze the factor structure of PANSS in a sample of patients with schizophrenia receiving inpatient treatment and to compare the factors with the data of neuropsychological evaluation of their cognitive functions.

Material And Methods: The study included 110 patients (50 females and 60 males) diagnosed with schizophrenia. The psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the PANSS scale in the adapted Russian version - SCI-PANSS.

[Pathomorphosis of the Parkinson's disease against the background of DBS STN].

Objectives: To study the clinical pathomorphosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) against the background of stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS STN).

Material And Methods: : We present a 15-year analysis of 401 patients with PD in two groups: DBS STN (=233) and drug therapy group (=168). In order to study the clinical pathomorphism of the disease, an analysis of the dynamics of the main motor symptoms of PD was carried out using the UPDRS scale, as well as an analysis of the survival of patients in both groups.

[Autonomic cardiovascular disorders in patients with epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a pilot study].

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the hypothesis of greater severity of autonomic dysfunction in patients with concomitant epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) (main group) compared to patients with exclusively epileptic seizures (comparison group) and healthy subjects (control group).

Material And Methods: The main group included 13 subjects (median age 31 years [Q=21 years, Q=42 years], 9 females), and the control and comparison groups included 26 people each, comparable by sex and age to the main group. All patients underwent neurological and psychiatric examination, electroencephalography or video-electroencephalographic monitoring, and MRI.

[Neurobiological potential of astragaloside IV and prospects for its use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease].

The review presents an analysis of experimental data on the study of the neurobiological effects of astragaloside IV, which can be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Astragaloside IV is a cycloartan triterpene saponin, which is found in the roots of membranous milk vetch ( (Fisch. ex Link) Bunge) and has a very wide range of pharmacological activity.

Structure and supramolecular organization of silver nitrate modified epoxy or amino terminated liquid oligoethers.

The behavior of silver nitrate in non-aqueous liquid oligomeric media-aromatic and aliphatic diglycidyl ethers and aliphatic diamine-has been investigated. By employing UV-visible spectrophotometry and dynamic light scattering, it has been shown that in diglycidyl oligomers, regardless of the nature of the monomeric unit, the formation of silver nanoparticles occurs, and the kinetics of this process has been studied. At the same time, in the medium of aliphatic diamine, the reduction of silver ions is absent, indicating the formation of a complex compound.

Hearing loss configurations in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: The majority of individuals with hearing loss worldwide reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there is limited information regarding the characteristics of hearing loss in these regions. This descriptive study aims to address this knowledge gap by analysing audiogram patterns in LMIC populations. Greater knowledge about the properties of hearing loss in LMICs allows for improved planning of interventions.

Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide Hydrazides: Moving Toward Green Chemistry.

Peptide hydrazides are widely applied as precursors of peptide thioesters, valuable building blocks for the synthesis of proteins by native chemical ligation. In addition, they can be applied for the selective modification of cargo or carrier molecules using hydrazone ligation technique. In this work, we describe key aspects of solid phase synthesis of peptide hydrazides on hydrazine 2CT and hydrazone resin.

[Choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevi].

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological angiogenic process observed in various fundus diseases, including choroidal nevi. This article reviews key information on the pathogenesis of CNV associated with choroidal nevi, examines diagnostic methods using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), including modern classifications and criteria for assessing disease activity. The article also discusses approaches to the differential diagnosis of nevi combined with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, progressive nevi, and melanomas, and analyzes the features of treatment with antiangiogenic agents and their effects on pigmented choroidal lesions.

[Progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by varicella zoster virus].

Ophthalmic herpes zoster is the second most common form of herpes zoster and can lead to complete vision loss. Since necrotizing herpetic retinopathies are relatively rare and often reported as isolated clinical cases, establishing a unified approach to managing such patients is challenging. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge on the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic features, and treatment of progressive outer retinal necrosis.

[A modern perspective on the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy].

This article reviews the pathogenic mechanisms underlying proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), focusing on the development of angio-fibrotic switch, neurodegeneration, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic biomarkers, emphasizes the modern perspectives on the role of the vitreous body and mechanical traction in DR progression. Understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms will provide new opportunities for improvement and development of treatments for DR at earlier stages, before significant and persistent functional impairment occurs.

[Neuroprotective therapy of glaucoma].

Glaucoma is a chronic multifactorial neurodegenerative disease; the most studied local risk factors for glaucoma progression are elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and its diurnal fluctuations. However, normalization of IOP does not always guarantee stabilization of the glaucomatous process. This article reviews data from international and Russian studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and discusses current approaches to its therapeutic management.

[The role of the structure of the lamina cribrosa in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Structural and circulatory changes in the lamina cribrosa with aging and elevated intraocular pressure].

The earliest damage in glaucoma starts in the posterior pole of the eye, where the axons of retinal ganglion cells, that form the optic nerve fibers, and retinal vessels pass through the connective tissue network called the lamina cribrosa (LC). Modern diagnostic techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), enable the visualization of the LC and the assessment of blood flow within it, providing new opportunities for the diagnosis of glaucoma. This review highlights the anatomy and vascularization of the LC, along with the latest research findings obtained via OCT.

[The role of meibum proteins in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction].

Proteins and lipids in the meibum help maintain the balanced chemical composition of the tear film. However, the secretion of the meibomian glands contains various protein fractions, the function and effects of which on the lipid profile remain incompletely understood. This literature review provides a description of the main proteins of the meibum and their roles in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction associated with age-related changes and metabolic disorders that lead to impaired tear film functionality.

[Cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis in human immunodeficiency virus (case study)].

Cytomegalovirus retinitis affecting the posterior pole of the eye is the most common opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It typically develops at CD lymphocyte levels below 50-100 cells/μL and, if untreated, leads to blindness. Much less frequently, cytomegalovirus infection results in choroiditis, followed by secondary retinal changes.