Molecular insights into human soleus muscle atrophy development: long-term dry immersion effects on the transcriptomic profile and post-translational signaling.

Muscle disuse results in complex signaling alterations followed by structural and functional changes, such as atrophy, force decrease and slow-to-fast fiber-type shift. Little is known about human skeletal muscle signaling alterations under long-term muscle disuse. In this study, we describe the effects of 21-day dry immersion on human postural soleus muscle.

Artificial intelligence-based automated surgical workflow recognition in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection: an international multicenter study (with video).

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a crucial yet challenging multi-phase procedure for treating early gastrointestinal cancers. This study developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated surgical workflow recognition model for esophageal ESD and proposed an innovative training program based on esophageal ESD videos with or without AI labels to evaluate its effectiveness for trainees.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed complete ESD videos collected from seven hospitals worldwide between 2016 and 2024.

Photosensitive resistive switching in parylene-PbTe nanocomposite memristors for neuromorphic computing.

Resistive switching (RS) memory devices with incorporated capabilities of data sensing, storing and processing are promising for artificial intelligence applications. In this respect, controlling resistance not only by electrical but also optical stimulations provides attractive opportunities for the development of novel neuromorphic sensing and computing systems. Here, we demonstrate the RS of Cu/parylene-PbTe/ITO memristive devices and the dependence of RS on optical excitation for efficient neuromorphic computing with high classification accuracy.

Harnessing Visible/UV Light for the Activation and/or Functionalization of C-H Bonds: Metal- and Photocatalyst-Free Approach.

Photosynthesis in plants has inspired photochemical reactions in organic chemistry. Synthetic organic chemists always seek cost-effective, operationally simple, averting the use of toxic and difficult-to-remove metallic catalysts, atom economical, and high product purity in organic reactions. In the last few decades, the use of light as a catalyst in organic reactions has increased exponentially as literature has exploded with examples, particularly by using toxic and expensive metal complexes, photosensitizers like organic dyes, hypervalent iodine, or by using inorganic semiconductors.

Gas-phase crystal structure of triflamide and some of its heterocyclic derivatives.

A gas-phase electron diffraction analysis combined with mass-spectrometry (GED/MS) of (2,9)--2,9-diiodo-13-(triflyl)-13-azabicyclo[8.2.1]tridec-5-ene was performed and the results were compared with those studied earlier by GED/MS and X-ray analysis of triflamide derivatives, that is 3,7,9-tris(triflyl)-3,7,9-triazabicyclo[3.

A General Solution to the Continuum Rate Equation for Island-Size Distributions: Epitaxial Growth Kinetics and Scaling Analysis.

The nucleation and growth of surface islands in the pre-coalescence stage has previously been studied by different methods, including the rate equation approach and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. However, full understanding of island growth kinetics and the scaling properties of their size distributions is still lacking. Here, we investigate rate equations for the irreversible homogeneous growth of islands in the continuum limit, and derive a general island-size distribution whose shape is fully determined by the dynamics of the monomer concentration at a given size dependence of the capture coefficients.

Preclinical Evaluation of the Safety, Toxicity and Efficacy of Genetically Modified Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Expressing the Antimicrobial Peptide SE-33.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) offer promising therapeutic potential in cell-based therapies for various diseases. However, the safety of genetically modified MSCs remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the general toxicity and safety of Wharton's Jelly-Derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) engineered to express the antimicrobial peptide SE-33 in an animal model.

Systematic Comparison of FBS and Medium Variation Effect on Key Cellular Processes Using Morphological Profiling.

Although every cell biologist knows the importance of selecting the right growth conditions and it is well known that the composition of growth medium may vary depending on a product brand or lot affecting many cellular processes, still those effects are poorly systematized. We addressed this issue by comparing the effect of 12 fetal bovine sera (FBS) and eight growth media from different brands on the morphological and functional parameters of five cell types: lung adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, embryonic kidney, and colorectal cancer cells. Using high-throughput imaging, we compared cell proliferation; performed morphological profiling based on the imaging of 561,519 cells; measured extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) activity, mitochondria potential, and lysosome accumulation; and compared cell sensitivity to drugs, response to EGF stimulation, and ability to differentiate.

Novel derivatives of thiohydantoin-containing tetrahydro-β-carboline possess activity against influenza virus at late stages of viral cycle without affecting viral neuraminidase.

Influenza infection represents a serious challenge for virological surveillance and healthcare systems in all countries globally. Despite obvious success in control of influenza through vaccination and antiviral drug development, this infection remains poorly controlled due to antigenic drift and fast selection of drug-resistant viral variants. The design of novel drugs with alternative targets and mechanisms of action is, therefore, an important goal for medical science worldwide.

Efficacy of Lifting Threads Composed of Poly(L-Lactide-Co-ε-Caprolactone) Copolymers Coated With Hyaluronic Acid: A Long-Term Study on Biorevitalizing Properties in Skin Remodeling.

Background: Facial thread lifting, which is popular in aesthetic medicine because of its minimal invasiveness, has led to advancements in the use of biodegradable polymers such as poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LA/CL)) and its hyaluronic acid-coated variant (P(LA/CL)-HA). These developments enhance biocompatibility and efficacy, offering prolonged benefits through better biostimulation and tissue integration.

Methods: A controlled experiment involving five 4-month-old female pigs compared the effectiveness of P(LA/CL) and P(LA/CL)-HA threads over six months.

Hamiltonian replica-exchange method α-REMD for ring spearing elimination in polymers.

Accurate prediction of polymer properties using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations requires a properly relaxed starting structure. Polymer models built from scratch by specialized algorithms (self-avoiding random walk, Monte Carlo, etc.) are far from relaxed and, moreover, often possess a large number of structural defects: close contacts between atoms, wrong bond distances, voids, unfavorable molecular conformations or packing, etc.

Segmentation of 3D OCT Images of Human Skin Using Neural Networks with U-Net Architecture.

Unlabelled: is a comparative analysis of algorithms for segmentation of three-dimensional OCT images of human skin using neural networks based on U-Net architecture when training the model on two-dimensional and three-dimensional data.

Materials And Methods: Two U-Net-based network architectures for segmentation of 3D OCT skin images are proposed in this work, in which 2D and 3D blocks of 3D images serve as input data. Training was performed on thick skin OCT images acquired from 7 healthy volunteers.

The Impact of Silicon Nanoparticle Porosity on Their Ability to Sensitize Low-Intensity Medical Ultrasound.

This study investigates the role of porosity in silicon nanoparticles' ability to act as sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy of malignant tumors. Structural analysis showed that porous nanoparticles are composed of nanocrystals approximately 4 nm in size and contain 15 nm pores, whereas non-porous nanoparticles have a dense structure with nanocrystals ranging from 10 to 50 nm. Porous nanoparticles exhibit pronounced photoluminescent properties, associated with quantum confinement effects in their small nanocrystals.

Individual Brain Tumor Invasion Mapping Based on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging.

Unlabelled: is to develop and implement an algorithm for image analysis in brain tumors (glioblastoma and metastasis) based on diffusion kurtosis MRI images (DKI) for the assessment of anisotropic changes in brain tissues in the directions from the tumor to the intact (as shown by the standard MRI data) white matter, which will enable generating individual tumor invasion maps.

Materials And Methods: A healthy volunteer and two patients (one with glioblastoma and the other with a single metastasis of small cell lung cancer) were examined by DKI obtaining 12 parametric kurtosis maps for each participant.

Results: During the investigation, we have developed an algorithm of DKI analysis and plotting the profile of tissue parameters in the direction from the tumor towards the unaffected white matter according to the data of standard MRI.

Simultaneous Application of Methylene Blue and Chlorin e6 Photosensitizers: Investigation on a Cell Culture.

Unlabelled: The application of photosensitizers for inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in order to temporally decrease oxygen uptake by tumor cells in the course of photodynamic therapy (PDT) evokes growing interest. is to overcome tumor hypoxia for further photodynamic therapy with simultaneous use of type I photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and type II photosensitizer chlorin e6.

Material And Methods: A photodynamic activity of MB and its combined use with chlorin e6 has been studied on the HeLa cell culture, their effect on cell metabolism in their co-accumulation and subsequent irradiation has also been assessed.

Redox-Sensitive Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Biovisualization of Malignant Tumors.

Unlabelled: Application of fluorescent redox-sensitive nanoparticles in current biomedicine ensures high sensitivity and accuracy of biovisualization. Nanoparticles are potent as they can long circulate in the blood, where the level of glutathione is relatively low, and are destroyed in tumor cells, releasing loaded dyes or drugs. was to develop new nanoparticles based on trithiocyanuric acid for biovisualization of malignant tumors and study capabilities of the developed nanoparticles.

Efficacy Evaluation of "Enhanced" Natural Killers with and Knockouts on Viability and Metabolic Status of 3D Glioblastoma Spheroid Cells in Patients.

Unlabelled: One of the alternative approaches to glioblastoma treatment is cellular immunotherapy based on natural killer cells (NK cells). To enhance their cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, new NK cell lines are being created using genetic engineering techniques. was to evaluate the impact efficacy of "enhanced" NK cells on early metabolic rearrangements and the viability of glioblastoma cells in a patient using a tumor spheroid model.

Cytoprotective Action of Sodium Fumarate in an Model of Hypoxia Using Sodium Dithionite.

Unlabelled: Hypoxia is a part of many pathological and some physiological processes. It also occurs as a result of surgical techniques associated with limiting the blood supply to the operated organs and tissues. Hypoxia leads to a significant decrease in the ability of cells to implement energy-dependent processes due to a reduced contribution of mitochondria to the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Spectroscopic Study of Methylene Blue Interaction with Coenzymes and its Effect on Tumor Metabolism.

Unlabelled: is to study the interaction of methylene blue (MB) with NADH, FADH coenzymes and lactate, and to evaluate a long-term effect of its intravenous or oral introduction on tumor metabolism .

Materials And Methods: The MB interaction with NADH, FADH coenzymes and lactate was studied using absorption spectrophotometry. A long-term effect of MB on tumor metabolism was investigated on a mice model of Ehrlich carcinoma.

Study of Brain Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Raman Microspectroscopy and Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy.

Unlabelled: was to identify differences in the structure of the neuronal process network as well as the composition and functional state of cells by studying the bodies and processes of rat brain neurons and astrocytes obtained from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease by using a complex of modern high-precision methods such as Raman microspectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman microspectroscopy, and scanning ion-conductance microscopy.

Materials And Methods: By using Raman spectroscopy and scanning ion-conductance microscopy, the researchers studied the morphology and state of molecules in rat brain neurons and astrocytes induced from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease.

Results: The researchers established that typical bands of Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectra of neurons and astrocytes allowed studying the distribution and conformation of a series of biological molecules (proteins, lipids, cytochromes) in healthy and unhealthy states.

Spheroids from Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell Phenotypes as Building Blocks in Bioprinting (Review).

Most tissues and organs are based on cells of the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Epithelial cells build protective barriers, have a key role in absorption and secretion, and participate in metabolism. Characterized by high plasticity and ability to migrate, mesenchymal cells ensure structural support, promote tissue restoration and are important for matrix remodeling.

Migration of Regulatory T Cells to the Peritumor Microenvironment of Experimental Glioblastoma.

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis characterized by resistance to standard treatments and immune evasion. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) play a key role in immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment and can be used as targets for malignant gliomas therapy. is to study migration of Tregs to the tumor site in the process of dynamic glioblastoma growth on the transgenic C57Bl/6-FoxP3-eGFP mouse line.

Synthesis, structural characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis and QTAIM analysis of 3-(4-cyano-thio-phen-3-yl)-[1,2,4]selena-diazolo[4,5-]pyridin-4-ium chloride.

The title compound, CHNSSe·Cl, produced by the reaction between 3,4-di-cyano-thio-phene and 2-pyridyl-selenyl chloride was isolated as a salt that crystallizes in the triclinic space group 1. Notable features include strong chalcogen inter-actions (Se⋯Cl and Se⋯S), as revealed through Hirshfeld surface analysis, which also highlights significant contributions from N⋯H/H⋯N, C⋯H/H⋯C and H⋯H contacts in the crystal packing. Supra-molecular inter-actions were further analysed using density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in mol-ecules (QTAIM) at the ωB97XD/6-311++G** level of theory.

Crystal structure of 1-[(4-chloro-phen-yl)di-phenylyl-meth-yl]-3-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)-1-pyrazole.

The title compound, CHClFN, was synthesized from 3-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)-1-pyrazole and chloro-(4-chloro-phen-yl)methyl-ene)di-benzene. The structure features intra-molecular (Ph)C-H⋯N and inter-molecular (Ph)C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, as well as C-H⋯π-ring inter-actions between the phenyl and pyrazole rings.

Effects of Female Sex Hormone Therapy on Nasal Mucosa.

Women worldwide commonly use combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and hormone replacement therapy(HRT). Nevertheless, there is still ambiguity regarding the possible influence of these hormone therapy on the nasal mucosa. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.