Modeling of Jet Lag and Searching for an Optimal Light Treatment.

The role of the hierarchical organization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in its functioning, jet lag, and the light treatment of jet lag remains poorly understood. Using the core-shell model, we mimic collective behavior of the core and shell populations of the SCN oscillators in transient states after rapid traveling east and west. The existence of a special region of slow dynamical states of the SCN oscillators can explain phenomena such as the east-west asymmetry of jet lag, instances when entrainment to an advance is via delay shifts, and the dynamics of jet lag recovery time.

Targeted correction of megabase-scale duplication in induced pluripotent stem cells and impacts on gene expression.

Copy number variations of the human gene, resulting from megabase-scale microdeletions or microduplications in the 3p26.3 region, are frequently implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability and developmental delay. However, duplication of the full-length human gene presents with variable penetrance, resulting in phenotypes that range from neurodevelopmental disorders to no visible pathologies, even within the same family.

Urolithin A increases the natural killer activity of PBMCs in patients with prostate cancer.

Background: The natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a crucial defense against the onset and spread of cancer. Studies have shown that patients with reduced NK activity are more susceptible to cancer, and NK activity tends to decrease due to cancer-induced immune suppression. Enhancing the natural cytotoxicity of PBMCs remains a significant task in cancer research.

Periodontal pathogens and obesity in the context of cardiovascular risks across age groups.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among noncommunicable diseases. Over the past decade, there has been a notable increase in the prevalence of CVDs among young individuals. Obesity, a well-known risk factor for CVDs, is also associated with various comorbidities that may contribute to cardiovascular risk.

Clinical case of co-infection: Dengue fever and respiratory mycoplasmosis in a child.

According to WHO, dengue fever (DF) is currently endemic to more than 100 countries in various regions of Africa, America, and Asia; outbreaks have been reported in Europe. In the Russian Federation, there is a much smaller proportion of children among those infected due to the imported nature of the infection. We described a clinical case of imported dengue fever in an adolescent girl in Moscow after a 5-day vacation.

Soybean protein isolate/dialdehyde sodium alginate hydrogels based on dynamic imine bond cross-linking: Synthesis and properties.

A soybean protein isolate (SPI)-based hydrogel with controllable properties was prepared under mild conditions using a simple mixing method with dialdehyde sodium alginate (DSA) as an eco-friendly macromolecular crosslinker. DSA was successfully synthesized via periodate oxidation. Analysis of the structure of the SPI/DSA hydrogel indicated that a 3D network was formed between SPI and DSA through dynamic imine and hydrogen bonds.

Remodeling the light-adapted electroretinogram using a bayesian statistical approach.

Objective: To present a remodeling of the electroretinogram waveform using a covariance matrix to identify regions of interest and distinction between a control and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group. Electroretinograms were recorded in n = 25 ADHD (16 male; age 11.9 ± 2.

Characteristics of salt dust aerosols and their transport implications in the Aral Sea.

Central Asia is an ecologically fragile arid zone and a typical mixed salt‒sand region. The socioeconomic and ecological problems attributed to the shrinking of the Aral Sea in Central Asia are notable concerns within the international community. In this study, the characteristics of salt dust aerosols from the Aral Sea were analysed to explore their interannual variation characteristics and analyse the spatial and temporal distributions of salt dust sources and transport and dispersion pathways.

Incidence and Outcomes of Secondary Bladder Cancer Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: There is an established association between secondary bladder cancers (SBCs) and radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PC), which remains a significant concern. Our aim was to update the evidence on SBC incidence across different RT modalities and to compare oncological outcomes for patients diagnosed with SBC to those diagnosed with primary bladder cancer (PBC).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on SBC following PC.

Metformin intake and risk of metabolic acidosis after radical cystectomy with urinary diversion: A comparative study using data from the TriNetX research network.

Purpose: To investigate the association of diabetes mellitus and metformin use with metabolic acidosis risk after radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion for bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used TriNetX Research Network data. Patients undergoing RC with continent diversion or ileal conduit for bladder cancer were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) and ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) codes.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging in drug delivery research.

Once an exotic add-on to fluorescence microscopy for life science research, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) has become a powerful and increasingly utilised technique owing to its self-calibration nature, which affords superior quantification over conventional steady-state fluorescence imaging. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art implementation of FLIm related to the formulation, release, dosage, and mechanism of action of drugs aimed for innovative diagnostics and therapy. Quantitative measurements using FLIm have appeared instrumental for encapsulated drug delivery design, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, pathological investigations, early disease diagnosis, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

An injectable nanocomposite hydrogel with deep penetration ability for enhanced photothermal and chemotherapy.

The excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in solid tumors significantly inhibits the deep penetration and homogeneous distribution of nanodrugs, which greatly reduces the therapeutic efficacy. In the present work, an injectable polyelectrolyte hydrogel (CD@IPH) containing collagenase and doxorubicin-loaded polyacrylic acid@polyaniline nanoparticles (DOX@NP) were developed for improved photothermal and chemotherapy. The collagenase is released quickly from the polyelectrolyte hydrogel in the first 12 h, effectively degrading ECM and enhancing the deep penetration and evenly distribution of DOX@NP in tumor tissues.

Long-range PCR as a tool for evaluating mitochondrial DNA damage: Principles, benefits, and limitations of the technique.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is often more susceptible to damage compared to nuclear DNA. This is due to its localization in the mitochondrial matrix, where a large portion of reactive oxygen species are produced. Mitochondria do not have histones and mtDNA is only slightly protected by histone-like proteins and is believed to have less efficient repair mechanisms.

The Influence of Triterpenoids in the Composition of Fat-Containing Products on the State of the Liver of Laboratory Animals with Acute Toxic Hepatitis.

Unlabelled: One of the principles of prevention and non-drug treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis of various etiologies, is the normalization of the diet, including the use of daily diet foods with physiologically active ingredients, in particular betulin, which helps to reduce metabolic and oxidative processes within liver cells. The aim of the work was to evaluate the in vivo effect of triterpene alcohol betulin Roth isolated from the bark of birch Betula pendula Roth. added to fat-containing products (for example, mayonnaise) on the biochemical parameters of blood and the morphological structure of the liver of rats with initiated acute toxic hepatitis.

Assessment of Long-Term Cultivated In Vitro Willow Clones according to Chromosomal Analysis.

Creation and long-term in vitro maintenance of valuable genotype collection is one of the modern approach to conservation of valuable gene pool of woody plants. However, during prolonged cultivation, genetic variability of cells and tissues may accumulate and lead to the loss of valuable characteristics of parental plants. It is therefore important to assess the genetic (including cytogenetic) stability of collection clones.

Study of the Pharmacological Activity Spectrum of the New Original NT-3 Mimetic Dipeptide GTS-302.

Unlabelled: The association of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, depression, anxiety, and cognitive disorders with neurotrophin-3 deficiency determines the prospect of creating drugs with a similar mechanism of action. Since the use of full-length NT-3 is limited by unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic properties, the creation of low-molecular mimetics of neurotrophin-3 that are active when administered systemically is relevant. The Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies has created a dimeric dipeptide mimetic of the 4th loop of NT-3, hexamethylenediamide bis-(N-γ-oxybutyryl-L-glutamyl-L-asparagine) with the laboratory code GTS-302, which activates TrkC and TrkB receptors.

Parametric Search for Optimal Channel Shape for Swirling Blood Flow in the Heart and Main Vessels.

The study presents a numerical parametric investigation of flow structures in channels with a longitudinal-radial profile zR = Const and a spherical dome at the base. The goal of the study was to examine the flow structures in these channels depending on the exponent N of the profile and the height of the dome, to determine the conditions that provide optimal centripetal swirling flow, analogous to blood flow in the heart chambers and major vessels. The investigation was conducted using a comparative analysis of flow structures in channel configurations zR = Const, carried out in two stages.

Alteration of the Catalytic Properties of the Epoxyalcohol Synthase CYP443D1 (NvEAS) of the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis as a Result of a Single Amino Acid Substitution.

Cytochromes of the P450 superfamily are widespread in nature; they were found in all studied aerobic organisms. Although the degree of similarity between cytochromes P450 of different families is low, all enzymes of this superfamily have similar tertiary structures. In addition, all cytochromes P450, including enzymes of the CYP74 clan, contain substrate recognition sites in their sequences, which form the catalytic center.

Influence of Retrodipeptide Analogue of Cholecystokinin Tetrapeptide (GB-115) and Phenazepam on the Behavior of Rhesus Monkeys under Isolation Conditions.

Introduction: The developed domestic retrodipeptide analogue of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK) (N-(6-phenylhexanoyl)-glycyltryptophan amide, or compound GB-115) with antagonistic properties in relation to CCK1 receptors has anxiolytic activity previously shown in preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of GB-115 as a tablet form with subchronic oral administration in comparison with phenazepam in nonhuman primates.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on four male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) aged 5.

Transcriptomic Shifts in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells during Microgravity Simulation.

One of the most obvious manifestations of the negative impact of space flight factors on the human physiology is osteopenia. With the active development of manned space flights and the increase in the duration of humans' persistence in weightlessness, there is a growing need to understand the mechanisms of changes occurring at the cellular level involved in the replenishment of bone tissue. Using the RNA sequencing method, changes in the transcriptome profile of MMSCs were studied after a 5-day simulation of the microgravity effects.

Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid as a Promising Inducer of Ferroptosis: Dynamics of Action in Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Models.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) associated with lipid membrane peroxidation. It has gained attention in cancer research because some tumor cells that are resistant to other forms of PCD are sensitive to ferroptosis. Despite the significant amount of research on ferroptosis, the list of known inducers remains limited, creating opportunities to discover new compounds with clinical potential.

Low-molecular-weight Ligand of the Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor with the Activity of a Partial Agonist and a Negative Allosteric Modulator.

Graves' disease is caused by overactivation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). One approach for its treatment may be the use of negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of TSHR, which normalize TSHR activity and do not cause thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency. The aim of the work was to study the effect of a new compound 5-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid N-tert-butylamide (TPY4) on the basal and TSH-stimulated TH production in cultured FRTL-5 thyrocytes and on basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated TH levels in the blood of rats.

New N-Substituted Adenine Derivatives with High Antiviral Activity against RNA-Containing Viruses.

In this work, two new compounds, N-(4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)adenine and N-(3,5-di-trifluoromethylphenyl)adenine, with a broad range of antiviral activity against RNA viruses were identified. We showed that these compounds exhibit pronounced antiviral activity against human poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, belonging to enterovirus C species. Both compounds also demonstrated pronounced antiviral activity against Coxsackie viruses B3, B5, and B6, belonging to enterovirus B species.

Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Recycling Genes Are Involved in the Responses of Garlic Allium sativum L. Plants to Fusarium proliferatum Infection.

The expression profile of the key genes of biosynthesis (VTC2, GPP, GalDH, and GalLDH) and recycling (MDHAR1, MDHAR4, and MDHAR5) of ascorbate in response to infection with the fungal pathogen Fusarium proliferatum in garlic cultivars resistant (Podnebesny) and sensitive (Dubkovsky) to Fusarium rot was determined. It was found that differences in resistance to Fusarium lead to discrepancies in the dynamics and expression of individual genes of the ascorbate pathway, as well as in the ascorbate content. It was shown that, in response to infection, the expression level of the MDHAR4 gene increases in the resistant cultivar and decreases in the Fusarium-sensitive accession.