Ultrastructural disturbances in microglia-neuron interactions in the head of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia.

Previously we found altered microglia-neuron interactions in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that microglia-neuron interactions may be dysregulated in the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia. A postmortem ultrastructural morphometric study was performed to investigate satellite microglia (SatMg) and adjacent neurons in the head of the caudate nucleus in 21 cases of schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls.

Microbial diversity of hot springs of the Kuril Islands.

The Kuril Islands are located in the Far-East of Russia and enriched with shallow and terrestrial hot springs. Prokaryotic diversity of Kuril geothermal environments has been studied fragmentarily and mainly by culture-dependent methods. We performed the first large-scale investigation of microbial communities, inhabited more than 30 terrestrial hot springs of Kunashir and Iturup Islands, analyzed by 16S rRNA gene fragment amplicon sequencing, together with chemical analysis of thermal waters and sediments.

Overexpression of the constitutively-active AtCPK1 mutant in tobacco plants confers cold and heat tolerance, possibly through modulating abscisic acid and salicylic acid signalling.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are very effective calcium signal decoders due to their unique structure, which mediates substrate-specific [Ca] signalling through phosphorylation. However, Ca-dependence makes it challenging to study CDPKs. This work focused on the effects of the overexpression of native and modified forms of the AtCPK1 gene on the tolerance of tobacco plants to heat and cold.

Progress on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections elimination among youth and adults across BRICS-plus countries: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Global strategies aim to eradicate HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by 2030. We aim to assess HIV and other STIs morbidity trends from 1992 to 2021 across BRICS-plus (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), which accounts for nearly half of the world population.

Methods: HIV and other STIs morbidity estimates were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

[Issues of treatment and prevention of recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract: An immunologist's view. A review].

Often ill people are, first of all, patients with recurrent infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT). They put a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. The leading etiological factors of recurrent inflammatory diseases of URT, in addition to pathogenic bacterial microflora, are viral agents (viruses of the viral respiratory infections group, herpes viruses).

[The effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in patients with severe bronchial asthma].

Introduction: The article discusses topical issues of the use of conjugated 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar®13 (PCV13) in patients with severe bronchial asthma (SBA), including those receiving targeted therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD).

Aim: To study the effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection (PI) in patients with SBA.

Materials And Methods: The study included 381 patients with SBA.

[Prediction of the course of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by based on clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease].

Background: The most severe complications of antibiotic use are clostridial infection (CDI) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). There is a need for further study of these conditions and identification of their triggers.

Aim: To identify risk factors for severe forms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by .

[Effectiveness of riamilovir in preventing respiratory viral infection among young people from organized collectives].

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the antiviral drug riamilovir (trade name - «Triazavirin») for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and other acute respiratory viral infections in young people from organized groups.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 386 individuals aged 18-22 years: 199 received riamilovir at a daily dose of 250 mg for 15 days, while 187 did not receive prophylactic drugs. For 30 days, disease occurrence was monitored among volunteers.

Self-Adaptive Nanocarriers Overcome Multiple Physiological Barriers to Boosting Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer.

Chemotherapy is the primary treatment option for pancreatic cancer, although nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems often struggle with multiple physiological barriers, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we developed a pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-sensitive self-adaptive nanocarrier (DAT) encapsulating camptothecin (CPT), an analog of the pancreatic chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan (CPT-11), to enhance chemotherapy outcomes in orthotopic pancreatic cancer by addressing multiple physiological barriers. The nanocarrier features a peripherally positively charged arginine (Arg) residue on DAT and is masked with an acid-labile 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) to improve circulation time.

[A case of rare hereditary Siddiqi syndrome with novel neuropsychiatric signs].

A fifth world case of autosomal recessive Siddiqi syndrome (SIDDIS) related to ene is presented. In a consanguineous Lezgin (a Dagestan ethnicity) family, there were two affected brothers aged 28 yrs (proband, personally examined) and 32 yrs. Whole-exome sequencing followed by familial Sanger sequencing detected a novel missence variant c.

[Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome].

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a combination of main symptoms: opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, psychoemotional and behavioral disturbances. OMS can develop in children as a result of immunopathological processes against the background of infectious or oncological pathology and lead to persistent neurological deficit. A case of ten-year observation of paraneoplastic OMS associated with neuroblastoma in a child is presented.

[A portrait of a doctor with Parkinson's disease].

In a number of causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), occupation is periodically mentioned as a possible risk factor. However, a look at the complex impact of external factors on people of certain professions and the expansion of the area of risk factors in a rapidly changing world leads to the emergence of new studies. There is an assumption that the risk of developing PD is increased in doctors due to long-term exposure to stress.

[The scientific triumph and philosophical dilemma of V.M. Bekhterev].

An important area of V.M. Bekhterev's scientific research, which to this day does not have a productive resolution and remains controversial, was an attempt to combine the science of the human psyche with a speculative philosophy close to pantheistic views about the «universal soul».

[The relationship between neuropsychological indicators and neuroimaging changes according to MRI morphometry in patients with Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma].

Objective: Study of neuroimaging changes according to MRI morphometry and their comparison with the structure and severity of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Material And Methods: The study involved 90 patients who were divided into two equal groups of 45 people and who early had diagnosis of AD (group 1; median age - 71 [66; 77] years) and POAG (group 2; median age - 68 [64; 77] years). 71] years).

[Comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with neurological pathology: current state of the problem and the role of etifoxine in treatment strategy].

The article presents theses of the resolution of the Interdisciplinary Council of Experts in Psychiatry and Neurology (Moscow, 2024) on the issue of comorbid anxiety disorders (AD) in patients with neurological pathologies. The authors highlight the high prevalence of comorbid ADs and their significant negative impact on the course of underlying diseases, such as epilepsy, pain syndromes and post-stroke conditions. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ADs in this group of patients are discussed.

[Chondroprotective therapy and adjuvant support for patients with chronic lower back pain].

The trend of an annual increase in the detection of new cases of osteoarthritis (OA) and an increase in the number of patients with chronic lower back pain (LBP) calls for the search for new drugs and pharmaconutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. In 2019, approaches to the treatment of pain in OA significantly changed. In international and Russian clinical guidelines (CG), pharmaconutraceutical chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine sulfate (GS) are recommended for OA of different localization as a basic therapy.

[Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in disorders of cerebral circulation].

At the present stage, great progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of the development of cerebral ischemia. This became possible due to the achievements of theoretical disciplines, in connection with which the general biological approach was formed in the study of pathogenesis of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders (CVD). The discovery of pathways of free radical oxidation in cerebral ischemia made it possible to substantiate and develop therapeutic strategies using drugs with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.

[Open observational study with a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of aceclofenac in patients with acute non-specific low back pain].

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and tolerability of aceclofenac in the treatment of patients with acute non-specific musculoskeletal pain in the lower back (ANBP) compared with other NSAIDs (dexketoprofen, nimesulide and lornoxicam), as well as to assess the impact of NSAIDs therapy on the relative risk of recurrence and chronicity of this pathology.

Material And Methods: The study involved 80 patients (47 women and 33 men), average age 52.6 [47.

[Comprehensive rehabilitation of spinal trauma patients with extended involvement of nursing staff and neurometabolic therapy].

Objective: Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of the drug Cytoflavin and the organization of the activities of nursing staff, within the framework of nursing care, in the complex therapy of patients with spinal cord injury (PSMT).

Material And Methods: Material and methods. 40 patients with PSMT due to a gunshot wound were examined, who were divided into two equal groups depending on the type of therapy performed: group 1 patients received the full volume of stage I medical rehabilitation (with additional use of neurodevelopmental techniques under the supervision of a Bobata department nurse) and standard drug therapy, including a course of intravenous Cytoflavin infusions followed by tablet form; group 2 patients received the full volume of stage I medical rehabilitation and standard drug therapy, but did not receive Cytoflavin.

[The effectiveness of rehabilitation measures using the drug Cortexin in children with neuropsychiatric pathology].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of complex rehabilitation measures using the drug Cortexin in children with neuropsychiatric pathology during a one-year follow-up.

Material And Methods: A promising dynamic examination and treatment of 323 children with neuropsychiatric pathology from the age of 7 days to 1 year, age 3.2±1.

[Safety and efficacy of Relatox in comparison with Dysport in the treatment of focal spasticity of the upper limb in patients after stroke and traumatic brain injury (results of a prospective simple blind randomized comparative study in parallel groups)].

Objective: Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of Relatox, botulinum toxin type A in patients with focal spasticity (FS) of the upper limb as a result of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Material And Methods: A multicenter, prospective, single-blinded, randomized, comparative clinical study included 210 patients of both sexes aged 18-75 years after moderate to severe TBI and CVA in seven sites in the Russian Federation. The patients were randomized into two groups.

[Investigation of general toxic effects of Relatox in comparison with Dysport].

Objective: To evaluate the toxic effects of the agent Relatox on mature outbred rats and mice in an acute experiment in comparison with the registered analogue Dysport.

Material And Methods: Based on the aim of experiment, the acute toxic effects of Relatox and Dysport were assessed on two animal species: rats and mice at intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration at dose levels that made it possible to calculate the toxicological parameter values (initially 10-150 U/kg with subsequent usage of additional doses 20 U/kg to 300 U/kg depending on the agent and route of administration). The LD values and other acute toxic parameters were calculated using probit analysis.

[Therapeutic targets of adolescent depression with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia].

Objective: Identification of therapeutic targets in the treatment of adolescent depression with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia and assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

Material And Methods: One hundred and twenty-three patients (mean age 19.6±2.

[A comparative assessment of neurochemical and neurophysiological parameters of cardiac surgery patients who underwent different versions of multitasking cognitive training].

Objective: To compare biomarkers of neurovascular unit (NVU) - S100β, NSE, BDNF and indicators of the brain electrical activity in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) depending on the use of different versions of multi-tasking cognitive training (CT).

Material And Methods: The study included 89 people, of whom 47 completed the CTI (postural and three cognitive tasks (counting backwards, verbal fluency and the open-ended task «Unusual use of an ordinary object») and 42 patients, who underwent CTII (visuomotor reaction and the same cognitive tasks) in the early postoperative CABG period. The patients of both groups underwent complex testing of psychomotor, executive functions, attention, short-term memory and EEG study in the perioperative period of CABG.

[Subjective sleep quality evaluation in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders].

Objective: To analyze the subjective sleep assessment in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases (NMOSD) according to the current disease criteria of 2015.

Material And Methods: Twenty patients (17 women and 3 men), median age 44.5 years [Q:Q=27.