Interaction Between Allopregnanolone and Amiloride Binding Sites on the GABA Receptor.

Allopregnanolone (Allo) is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA receptor, and amiloride (Ami) is a competitive antagonist of the GABA receptor. The purpose of this work was to study the combined effect of Allo and Ami on functional activity of GABA receptor. The GABA-induced chloride current (I) was measured in isolated Purkinje cells of rat cerebellum using the patch-clamp technique and a system of fast application.

Description of Encyonemataceae fam. nov. and Witkowskiaceae fam. nov. (Bacillariophyceae, Cymbellales) based on molecular and morphological analyses.

In this study, based on the results of molecular analysis of SSU rRNA and rbcL sequences, we propose the descriptions of two new families in the order Cymbellales. Molecular data demonstrates that diatoms of the genus Encyonema constitute an independent monophyletic clade, which represents a new family described herein - Encyonemataceae fam. nov.

Exploring temperature-dependent photoluminescence dynamics of colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets using machine learning approach.

The study explore machine learning (ML) techniques to predict temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra in colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs), leveraging polynomial regression models trained on experimental data from 85 to 270 K spanning temperatures to forecast PL spectra backward to 0 K and forward to 300 K. 6th-degree polynomial models with Tweedie regression were optimal for band energy ([Formula: see text]) predictions up to 300 K, while 9th-degree models with LassoLars and Linear Regression regressors were suitable for backward predictions to 0 K. For exciton energy ([Formula: see text]), the Lasso model of degree 5 and the Ridge model of degree 4 performed well up to 300 K, while the Tweedie model of degree 2 and Theil-Sen model of degree 2 showed promise for predictions to 0 K.

A new gas lift allocation method in the IoT environment using a hybrid optimization algorithm.

In the realm of petroleum extraction, well productivity declines as reservoirs deplete, eventually reaching a point where continued extraction becomes economically unfeasible. To counteract this, artificial lift techniques are employed, with gas injection being a prevalent method. Ideally, unrestricted gas injection could maximize oil output.

Phenome-wide investigation of bidirectional causal relationships between major depressive disorder and common human diseases.

The high comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) with other diseases has been well-documented. However, the pairwise causal connections for MDD comorbid networks are poorly characterized. We performed Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore bidirectional causal associations between MDD (N = 807,553) and 877 common diseases from FinnGen datasets (N = 377,277).

Premalignant lesions of the oral cavity: a narrative review of factors and mechanisms of transformation into cancer.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. The development and progression of OSCC are closely linked to various aetiological factors. Early signs of OSCC may manifest as oral lesions, genetic abnormalities, and chronic inflammation.

In search of pathogenic Leptospira species in Myotis and other vesper bats, Russia.

Various bat species worldwide have been identified as Leptospira carriers, especially in tropical regions. In this study, we investigated the infection of Vespertilionidae bats by pathogenic Leptospira in north-west Russia. Out of 264 bats from 13 species, the urine of 24 specimens tested positive according to a polymerase chain reaction test.

Using Agaricus bisporus crude extract in distance based 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device and spectrophotometric analytical procedures for thiols determination.

Novel and simple spectrophotometric and distance based procedures for thiols (L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and glutathione) determination in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals have been proposed based on their inhibitory action on the oxidation of catechol in the presence of Agaricus bisporus crude extract (ABE). The influence of L-glycine, L-alanine, L-proline, L-methionine, L-cystine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and bilirubin on the thiol determination has been investigated. Uric acid, bilirubin, L-cystine (oxidized thiol), and L-amino acids do not interfere with the determination.

Buckyballs to fight pandemic: Water-soluble fullerene derivatives with pendant carboxylic groups emerge as a new family of promising SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.

Herein, we present the first experimental study of individual water-soluble fullerene derivatives proving their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. The initial screening allowed us to identify a few new compounds that have demonstrated pronounced antiviral activity with IC values as low as 390 nM and selectivity indexes reaching 214. Time-of-addition analysis and molecular docking results suggested that the viral protease and/or the spike protein are the most probable targets inhibited by the fullerene derivatives.

Extraordinary SERS on nanostructured self-assembled silver films due to preliminary random nano-profiling of substrate and ultrasonic exposure of analyte during the deposition.

In this study, we have investigated the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of myoglobin on silver substrates with different morphology. The aim was to determine the optimal parameters of analyte and substrate preparation for obtaining of high-amplitude SERS spectra of proteins. It is shown that not only the morphology of the silver film, but also the method of analyte molecules deposition on the SERS substrate plays an important role.

Deep dive into the diversity and properties of rhodopsins in actinomycetes of the family Geodermatophilaceae.

In recent decades, most studies of microbial rhodopsins have focused on their identification and characterization in aquatic bacteria. In 2021, actinomycetes of the family Geodermatophilaceae, commonly inhabiting terrestrial ecosystems in hot and arid regions, have been reported to contain rhodopsins with DTEW, DTEF and NDQ amino acid motifs. An advanced bioinformatics analysis performed in this work additionally revealed NTQ rhodopsin and heliorhodopsins.

A randomized controlled trial on anonymizing reviewers to each other in peer review discussions.

Many peer-review processes involve reviewers submitting their independent reviews, followed by a discussion between the reviewers of each paper. A common question among policymakers is whether the reviewers of a paper should be anonymous to each other during the discussion. We shed light on this question by conducting a randomized controlled trial at the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 2022 conference where reviewer discussions were conducted over a typed forum.

A novel strain of Leishmania braziliensis harbors not a toti- but a bunyavirus.

Leishmania is a genus of the family Trypanosomatidae that unites obligatory parasitic flagellates causing a variety of vector-borne diseases collectively called leishmaniasis. The symptoms range from relatively innocuous skin lesions to complete failures of visceral organs. The disease is exacerbated if a parasite harbors Leishmania RNA viruses (LRVs) of the family Pseudototiviridae.

[A case of prolonged remission after discontinuation of biological therapy in a patient with severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].

Currently, targeted biological therapy is an innovative and highly effective approach in the treatment of severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) associated with T2 inflammation that is uncontrolled by standard treatment methods. The article presents the first experience of long-term observation of a patient who, one year after the start of targeted biological therapy with dupilumab, independently stopped the treatment due to complete relief of symptoms of CRSwNP, despite recommendations to continue therapy to maintain control. At the same time, one year after the refusal of biological therapy, the patient showed persistent clinical remission in relation to the symptoms of CRSwNP, confirmed by the results of videoendoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and computed tomography of the sinuses.

[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Analysis of two clinical cases from the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist].

The article presents an analysis of 2 clinical cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis from the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist. In the first case, the pathology manifested with lesions of the middle ear and nose. In the second case, in addition to manifestations from the nose and the ear, there was a lesion of the larynx.

[Experience of transnasal endoscopic drainage of rhinosinusogenic frontal lobe abscess].

Unlabelled: Intracranial complications in inflammatory diseases of the ear and nose are currently not frequent, but their lethality remains high. The choice of optimal, safe and effective access in surgical treatment of purulent-inflammatory intracranial complications remains a subject of discussions and is based on an individual approach, depends on the volume, localization and clinical condition of the patient.

Objective: To demonstrate a clinical case of successful drainage of the brain frontal lobe abscess using endoscopic transnasal access under the control of the navigation system.

[Otohematoma as manifestation of auricular arteriovenous malformation].

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM, arteriovenous dysplasia) is one of the variants of congenital vascular defects formed as a result of a defect in the development of the arterial and venous systems during ontogenesis with the formation of direct messages between vessels of different diameters. In this regard, high-speed shunting of blood from the arterial part of the vascular system to the venous through fistulas of various calibers occurs. This disease is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations.

[Clinical case of auricular gouty tophi].

A clinical case of a patient with tumors of the auricles on both sides is presented. With careful collection of anamnesis, it was found that the patient suffers from gout for a long time, has concomitant diseases that aggravate its course, and there is no compliance to treatment. Based on these data, the presence of gouty tophi, which are deposits of sodium monaurate in tissues in the form of nodes, is suspected.

[Methods of stenting the laryngeal-tracheal lumen after reconstructive surgical interventions. Literature review].

The article presents a literature review that analyzes methods of stenting the laryngeal-tracheal lumen after reconstructive surgical interventions. 49 literature sources were studied. The advantages and disadvantages of existing stents are determined.

[Topical issues of early diagnosis of hearing loss in newborn children].

A group of Russian specialists dealing with the problems of auditory function in premature babies touches upon important issues of early detection of hearing loss and deafness in this contingent of children born before the date of physiological birth. The purpose of the article was to argue the need for a personalized approach to the diagnosis of auditory function in premature and full-term babies depending on the timing of gestation and their somatic state at the time of birth, as well as the comprehensive rehabilitation of children with hearing loss and deafness. The article describes the advantages of the previously developed computer program Multiplicity of audiological monitoring in children of the first year of life with risk factors for hearing loss and deafness.

[The possibilities of a dosage form with the active substance acylsarcosinate and sucrose laurate, in the implementation of the issue of cerumenolysis. Literature review].

The observed increase in cases of earwax plugs in patients, as well as the variety of methods of their removal using agents with different cerumenolysis activity, emphasize the need to search for the most modern and multifunctional otolaryngological preparations with proven efficacy. Based on the results of the analysis and generalization of literature sources on the treatment and prevention of ear sulfur plugs, presented in specialized publications in the Russian scientific eLibrary and scientific databases MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus, the need to optimize treatment methods and preventive measures has been identified. In this regard, it is recommended to widely use the preparation A-Cerumen Plus as one of the most progressive means.

[Epidemiology of central auditory disorders in school-age children. Literature review].

Unlabelled: Central auditory disorders (CSD) - this is a violation of the processing of sound stimuli, including speech, above the cochlear nuclei of the brain stem, which is mainly manifested by difficulties in speech recognition, especially in noisy environments. Children with this pathology are more likely to have behavioral problems, impaired auditory, linguistic and cognitive development, and especially difficulties with learning at school.

Objective: To analyze the literature data on the epidemiology of central auditory disorders in school-age children.

[Differential diagnosis of acute maxillary ethmoiditis complicated by orbital abscess with dacryocystitis and phlegmon of the lacrimal sac in children].

Introduction: The differential diagnosis of orbital complications of rhinosinusitis with diseases of the lacrimal sac in childhood remains unresolved both due to the similarity of the symptoms of the diseases and due to certain diagnostic difficulties requiring computed tomography.

Objective: To develop an algorithm for routing a patient to the emergency department of a multidisciplinary emergency hospital based on clinical and diagnostic distinctive features of sinusitis with orbital complications and diseases of the lacrimal sac with reactive edema of the eyelids.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of children's medical histories, who were treated in the otorhinolaryngological and ophthalmological departments of the Morozovskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital during 2022 was performed for orbital complications of rhinosinusitis or dacryocystitis with reactive edema of the eyelids.

[Antifungal immunity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of antifungal immunity in patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Material And Methods: The study included 74 patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and a control group consisting of 30 almost healthy individuals. All patients underwent surgery and were divided into two groups: Group I - with liquid secretion (=39), Group II - with thick secretion in the paranasal sinuses (=35).