Fullerenol C(OH): Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, Anti-Influenza Virus Activity, and Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solutions and Cell Culture Media.

Viral infections and many other dangerous diseases are accompanied by the development of oxidative stress, which is a consequence of an increase in the level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this regard, the search for effective antioxidants remains highly relevant. We tested fullerenol C(OH) in the context of the connection between its self-assembly in aqueous solutions and cell culture media, antiradical activity, UV cytoprotective action, and antiviral activity against international reference strains of influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B subtypes in vitro on the MDCK cell line.

Lithocholic Acid's Ionic Compounds as Promising Antitumor Agents: Synthesis and Evaluation of the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mitochondria.

The development of a methodology for the synthesis of new compounds with antitumor activity represents a significant and priority task within the field of medicinal chemistry. As a continuation of our research group's earlier studies on the antitumor activity of ionic derivatives of natural compounds, we have synthesized a series of previously undescribed pyrazole ionic compounds through a series of transformations of lithocholic acid methyl ester. To investigate the biological activity of the newly synthesized lithocholic acid derivatives, a series of modern flow cytometry techniques were employed to assess their cytotoxic activity, effects on the cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis.

Novel Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Modified Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Selective Cytotoxicity Under X-Ray Irradiation.

Ionizing radiation leads to the development of oxidative stress and damage to biologically important macromolecules (DNA, mitochondria, etc.), which in turn lead to cell death. In the case of radiotherapy, both cancer cells and normal cells are damaged.

Microbial Corrosion of Copper Under Conditions Simulating Deep Radioactive Waste Disposal.

This paper presents the results of microbial corrosion tests on M0-grade copper under conditions simulating a geological repository for radioactive waste at the Yeniseisky site (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia). The work used a microbial community sampled from a depth of 450 m and stimulated with glucose, hydrogen and sulfate under anaerobic conditions. It was shown that the maximum corrosion rate, reaching 9.

Autoimmune Diseases and Molecular Mimicry in Tuberculosis.

Unlabelled: Comorbidities in tuberculosis patients are increasing annually. Autoimmune pathology may influence the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). However, the molecular mimicry between (Mtb) and human autoantigens is an important provocative factor in the development of autoimmunity on one hand.

Adenoviral Vectors for Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases.

Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) are effective vectors for gene therapy due to their broad tropism, high capacity, and high transduction efficiency, which makes them actively used as oncolytic vectors and for creating vector vaccines. However, despite their numerous advantages, AdVs have not yet found their place in gene therapy for hereditary diseases. This review provides an overview of AdVs, their features, and clinical trials using them for gene replacement therapy in monogenic diseases and analyzes the reasons for the failures of these studies.

Identifying Significant SNPs of the Total Number of Piglets Born and Their Relationship with Leg Bumps in Pigs.

The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants and pathways associated with the total number of piglets born and to investigate the potential negative consequences of the intensive selection for reproductive traits, particularly the formation of bumps on the legs of pigs. We used genome-wide association analysis and methods for identifying selection signatures. As a result, 47 SNPs were identified, localized in genes that play a significant role during sow pregnancy.

Antibiotic Resistance as a Functional Characteristic of Urban Dust Particles' Microbial Communities.

Urban dust samples were collected in Moscow (Russia) in June 2021. The samples were collected in three functional zones of Moscow (traffic, residential, and recreational) and included air microparticles, leaf dust, and paved dust. Data on the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities were obtained for dust samples, and their functional characteristics were predicted using PICRUSt2 2.

UV Sensitivities of Two Littoral and Two Deep-Freshwater Amphipods (Amphipoda, Crustacea) Reflect Their Preferred Depths in the Ancient Lake Baikal.

Solar ultraviolet (UV) is among the most important ecological factors shaping the composition of biota on the planet's surface, including the upper layers of waterbodies. Inhabitants of dark environments recently evolving from surface organisms provide natural opportunities to study the evolutionary losses of UV adaptation mechanisms and better understand how those mechanisms function at the biochemical level. The ancient Lake Baikal is the only freshwater reservoir where deep-water fauna emerged, and its diverse endemic amphipods (Amphipoda, Crustacea) now inhabit the whole range from highly transparent littoral to dark depths of over 1600 m, which makes them a convenient model to study UV adaptation.

Vimentin Intermediate Filaments Maintain Membrane Potential of Mitochondria in Growing Neurites.

Neural precursor cells contain two types of intermediate filaments (IFs): neurofilaments consisting of three IV type proteins and vimentin belonging to the type III IF proteins that disappear at the later stages of differentiation. The involvement of vimentin in neurogenesis was demonstrated earlier; however, the role of its temporary expression in neurons is not clear. We showed that the vimentin IFs that interacted with mitochondria maintained their membrane potential at the appropriate level, and thus, ensured their proper function.

A Novel Mechanism for Transcription Termination in the Locus of .

This study investigated an alternative mechanism of transcription termination that occurs independently of polyadenylation. We focused on a non-canonical transcription terminator (NTT) identified in the gene of . Using a developed model system, we demonstrated that the minimal functional unit of the NTT consists of 79 nucleotides that form a specific secondary RNA structure.

The Universal Set of 99 InDel Markers for Human Identification.

The aim of this work was to select InDel markers sufficient for human identification and to create a routine method for their genotyping. We analyzed the allele distribution of all known InDels in European, East Asian, South Asian, African, and American populations and selected markers whose minor allele frequency, MAF, was ≥ 0.30.

Macro, Trace and Toxic Element Composition in Liver and Meat of Broiler Chicken Associated with Cecal Microbiome Community.

The current study presents a meta-analysis of the detailed relationship between the composition of 25 essential and toxic elements in chicken tissues examined by ICP-MS and the gut microbial community analyzed using NGS techniques. The examination of chicken liver and meat revealed typical elemental compositions, called the "elementomes". The α-elementomes showed high contents of macro elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P), majority trace elements (Sr, Se, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) and some toxic elements (B, Pb, Ni, Cd); β-elementomes indicated accumulation of Si, V and Cr; γ-elementomes indicated accumulation of Al, As and Hg.

Dynamics of spp. Biomass and Environmental Variability: A Case Study in the Neva Estuary (The Easternmost Baltic Sea).

Predicting which non-indigenous species (NISs) will establish persistent invasive populations and cause significant ecosystem changes remains an important environmental challenge. We analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics of the entire zoobenthos and the biomass of spp., one of the most successful invaders in the Baltic Sea, in the Neva estuary in 2014-2023.

Impact of Anthropogenic Factors on the Diversity of Microbial Communities of PM10 Air and PM100 of L. Phylloplane in an Urban Ecosystem.

Identifying the relationship between the microbiomes of urban dust particles from different biotopes is important because the state of microorganisms can be used to assess the quality of the environment. The aim of this work was to determine the distribution and interaction patterns of microorganisms of dust particles in the air and on leaf surfaces. Metabarcoding of bacterial and fungal communities, PAH, and metal content analyses and electron microscopy were used in this work.

Internal Morphology and Phylogenetic Position of (Pancrustacea: Rhizocephala), an Enigmatic Parasitic Barnacle.

is an enigmatic parasitic barnacle from the family Mycetomorphidae, known for its unclear phylogenetic position within Rhizocephala. Specimens of were collected from infected shrimps near the South Kuril Islands. Detailed morphological studies were conducted using histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy, and 18S rDNA sequences were used to resolve the phylogenetic position of within Rhizocephala.

Biobank Digitalization: From Data Acquisition to Efficient Use.

Biobanks are involved in a broad range of studies, including both basic and clinical research, so their functions and roles are evolving. Digital biobanks have emerged due to digitalization in this field; however, it also entails an increasing number of ethical and legal issues, in particular those related to the protection of donor data and potential commercial applications. The development of biobanks and the size of stored datasets lay the groundwork for proceeding to digital biobanks that intensely employ artificial intelligence tools.

Prospects for the use of nanozyme-based electrochemical and colorimetric sensors for antibiotic detection.

Rapid and accurate monitoring of residual antibiotic concentrations is of great importance in environmental monitoring. Therefore, research is active to develop new methods for analyzing antibiotics. Biosensors, including those based on nanozymes, are very successful for antibiotic analysis.

Gender inequality: policy responses to employment and education in BRICS countries.

This study assesses gender inequality in education and employment in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries between the 2000 and 2021, using data from the World Bank database. A descriptive data analysis was carried out as well as graphical representations to compare among countries. The results showed that that female education achieved significant success, especially at secondary and tertiary levels, through specific policies including financial support and affirmative actions.

The pursuit of linear dosage in pharmacy: reservoir-based drug delivery systems from macro to micro scale.

Introduction: The pursuit of linear dosage in pharmacy is essential for achieving consistent therapeutic release and enhancing patient compliance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of zero-order drug delivery systems, with a particular focus on reservoir-based systems emanated from different microfabrication technologies.

Areas Covered: The consideration of recent advances in drug delivery systems is given to encompass the key areas including the importance of achieving a constant drug release rate for therapeutic applications.

WhiA transcription factor provides feedback loop between translation and energy production in a genome-reduced bacterium.

Introduction: WhiA is a conserved protein found in numerous bacteria. It consists of an HTH DNA-binding domain linked with a homing endonuclease (HEN) domain. WhiA is one of the most conserved transcription factors in reduced bacteria of the class Mollicutes.

Isolation and characterization of cellulose-mineralizing haloalkaliphilic bacteria from Siberian soda lakes.

Soda lakes are unique double-extreme habitats characterized by high salinity and soluble carbonate alkalinity, yet harboring rich prokaryotic life. Despite intensive microbiology studies, little is known about the identity of the soda lake hydrolytic bacteria responsible for the primary degradation of the biomass organic matter, in particular cellulose. In this study, aerobic and anaerobic enrichment cultures with three forms of native insoluble cellulose inoculated with sediments from five soda lakes in south-western Siberia resulted in the isolation of four cellulotrophic haloalkaliphilic bacteria and their four saccharolytic satellites.

Polyamine Adducts with AP Sites: Interaction with DNA Polymerases and AP Endonucleases.

Biological polyamines, such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are abundant intracellular compounds mostly bound to nucleic acids. Due to their nucleophilic nature, polyamines easily react with apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, DNA lesions that are constantly formed in DNA by spontaneous base loss and as intermediates of base excision repair. A covalent intermediate is formed, promoting DNA strand cleavage at the AP site, and is later hydrolyzed regenerating the polyamine.

Continuum elasticity and molecular dynamics of a pore in archaeal bolalipid membranes.

are famous for their ability to survive in extremely harsh environments, probably due to the unprecedented stability of their lipid membranes. Key features of archaeal lipids (bolalipids) that confer their stability are methyl side groups and cyclopentanes in the alkyl chains, as well as the specific shape of the molecule, which has two headgroups connected by two tails. However, the contribution of each structural parameter to membrane stability and the underlying physical mechanism remain unknown.