Heart Disease in Adults With Down Syndrome Between 1996 and 2016.

Purpose: To describe demographic factors and calculate prevalence of heart disease-related conditions among the adult Down syndrome (DS) sample population and to compare demographic and heart disease-related conditions between the DS sample population (n = 2342) and the general population.

Methods: Using a retrospective, descriptive cohort study design, analyses were based on 20 years of data collected on the Adult Down Syndrome Center patient population. Prevalence of heart disease, stroke, and associated risk conditions are reported as counts (%) with corresponding odds ratio (OR) indicating odds of diagnosis among the DS sample compared with the general population.

Reliability of preoperative venous mapping ultrasonography in predicting for autogenous arteriovenous fistula maturation.

Background: Autogenous arteriovenous fistula creation is the preferred route for vascular access for hemodialysis. Although preoperative venous mapping ultrasonography has been advocated as an operative planning adjunct and recently incorporated into the Society for Vascular Surgery clinical guidelines, controversy remains regarding its usefulness for predicting access success. The purpose of the present retrospective clinical study was to test the hypothesis that vein size measured on routine preoperative venous mapping is a poor predictor of primary fistula maturation.

Fluoroquinolone versus Beta-Lactam Oral Step-Down Therapy for Uncomplicated Streptococcal Bloodstream Infections.

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are often preferred as oral step-down therapy for bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to favorable pharmacokinetic parameters; however, they are also associated with serious adverse events. The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes for patients who received an oral FQ versus an oral beta-lactam (BL) as step-down therapy for uncomplicated streptococcal BSIs. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed adult patients who completed therapy with an oral FQ or BL with at least one blood culture positive for a species from 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2019.

Comparison of emergency department to hospital antibiograms: Influence of patient risk factors on susceptibility.

Objectives: Traditional antibiograms use local resistance patterns and susceptibility data to guide empiric antimicrobial therapy selection. However, antibiograms are rarely unit-specific and do not account for patient-specific risk factors.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center descriptive study used culture and susceptibility data from January 1 to December 31, 2016 to develop an Emergency Department (ED)-specific antibiogram and compare the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the most commonly identified organisms to the hospital antibiogram.

Antibiotic use in early childhood and risk of obesity: longitudinal analysis of a national cohort.

Background: Taking oral antibiotics during childhood has been linked with an increased risk of childhood obesity. This study assessed any potential association in number of courses of antibiotics taken between 2-3 and 4-5 years of age and body mass trajectory up to age 5.

Methods: The study was a secondary analysis of 8186 children and their parents from the infant cohort of the Irish National Longitudinal Study of Children.

Toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue alkaloids and grass metabolites on Pratylenchus scribneri.

ABSTRACT Neotyphodium coenophialum, an endophytic fungus associated with tall fescue grass, enhances host fitness and imparts pest resistance. This symbiotum is implicated in the reduction of stresses, including plant-parasitic nematodes. To substantiate this implication, toxicological effects of root extracts, polyphenolic fraction, ergot, and loline alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue were investigated using Pratylenchus scribneri, a nematode pest of tall fescue.

Solid-phase extraction cleanup for ivermectin in liver tissue.

Extraction of liver tissue with organic solvent produces coextractants with compounds of interest. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup of liver tissue developed for ivermectin removes nonpolar coextractants. Liver extract that has been reduced to dryness is reconstituted in 0.

Ivermectin quantitation with an abamectin internal standard.

The potent antiparasitic ivermectin is detected at low concentrations (ng/g) in liver and muscle tissue by liquid chromatography after conversion to a fluorescent derivative with 1-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride. This acetylation reaction can be compromised by residual water that leads to decreased yields. Yields of derivatives of ivermectin and abamectin, a related avermectin, are identical under all circumstances tested.