Pregnancy and birth complications among women undergoing bariatric surgery: sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Metabolic bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for severe obesity, which affects the health of millions, most of whom are women of child-bearing age. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are the most common bariatric procedures and are associated with durable weight loss and comorbidity resolution. Although obstetric outcomes broadly improve, the safety profile comparing the impact of RYGB and SG on obstetric outcomes is underexplored.

Brain phosphoproteomic analysis identifies diabetes-related substrates in Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Insulin signaling dysfunction exacerbates tau protein phosphorylation, a hallmark of AD pathology. However, the comprehensive impact of diabetes on patterns of AD-related phosphoprotein in the human brain remains underexplored.

Clinical Outcomes for Workers' Compensation versus Commercially Insured Patients Following Ambulatory Lumbar Decompression: A Cohort Matched Analysis with Two-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: To evaluate outcomes for workers' compensation (WC) versus commercially insured (CI) patients undergoing lumbar decompression (LD) at an ambulatory surgical center (ASC).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing propensity score matched groups. Patients undergoing elective LD at an ASC with two-year follow-up were identified and grouped based on insurance type (WC or CI).

Factor analysis and clustering of motor and psychiatric dimensions in idiopathic blepharospasm.

Introduction: Idiopathic blepharospasm is a clinically heterogeneous form of focal dystonia, also associated with psychiatric symptoms. The identification of the most relevant sets of motor and psychiatric manifestations may help better understand the specific phenomenology of the condition and delineate blepharospasm subtypes more accurately.

Methods: Patients with idiopathic blepharospasm were from the Dystonia Coalition project.

Demographic Profiles, Etiological Spectrum, and Anatomical Locations of the Post-Hepatic Obstructive Jaundice in Adult Population in Hadhramout Region in Yemen.

Background: Obstructive jaundice is a common health challenge in daily clinical practice caused by a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant conditions in or around extrahepatic bile ducts. This study aimed to investigate the causes of obstructive jaundice, analyze the age and sex distribution, and report the locations of obstruction.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of electronic records of patients diagnosed with obstructive jaundice in the Hadhramout region in Yemen.

Late-life social activity and subsequent risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Social activity is associated with better cognitive health in old age. To better translate epidemiological research for public health communication, we estimated relations of levels of social activity to average age at dementia onset.

Methods: In the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), we followed 1923 dementia-free older adults and conducted annual clinical evaluations of dementia/mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Integrating Implementation Science in Interpersonal Violence Research and Practice: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators of Implementation.

Despite the prevalence and harmful consequences of interpersonal violence and the growth in intervention research, applying research evidence and strategies into practice remains limited. This systematic review addresses this gap by using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) to characterize barriers and facilitators in efforts to prevent and address interpersonal violence. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and APA PsycInfo.

Transitional Cell Carcinoma Arising From the Renal Allograft: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary tract appears more commonly among the transplant population. The increased incidence of TCC has been primarily associated with the male gender, BK virus (BKV), and smoking. We report a case series and comprehensive review of the literature.

Perioperative therapies and techniques to enhance penile dimensional and functional outcomes following inflatable penile prosthesis implantation: a contemporary 10-year systematic review.

Implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis should be considered as a definitive treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, the sole procedure might not allow for optimal dimensional and functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and present the findings on the optimal choice of perioperative methods, surgical techniques, and pharmacotherapy to improve penile length, curvature, and erectile function.

Impact of diagnostic stewardship on catheter-associated urinary tract infections and patient outcomes.

Background: Diagnostic stewardship of urine cultures from patients with indwelling urinary catheters may improve diagnostic specificity and clinical relevance of the test, but risk of patient harm is uncertain.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the impact of a computerized clinical decision support tool to promote institutional appropriateness criteria (neutropenia, kidney transplant, recent urologic surgery, or radiologic evidence of urinary tract obstruction) for urine cultures from patients with an indwelling urinary catheter. The primary outcome was a change in catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate from baseline (34 mo) to intervention period (30 mo, including a 2-mo wash-in period).

Examining Shift Length and Fatigue: A National Study of Neonatal Advanced Practice Providers.

Background: Neonatal advanced practice providers (APPs) often work prolonged hours in high-acuity neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It is imperative to understand how fatigue affects the APP's ability to react quickly following long shifts. There is a lack of data on the effects of shift length and fatigue on neonatal APP job performance and clinical decision-making.

Early Life Stress, DNA Methylation of NR3C1 and HSD11B2, and Oral Feeding Skill Development in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study.

Background: Early life stress exposure in preterm infants may alter DNA methylation of NR3C1 and HSD11B2, disrupting neurobehaviors needed for oral feeding (PO) skill development.

Purpose: To (1) examine the feasibility of the study protocol; (2) describe early life stress, DNA methylation of NR3C1 and HSD11B2, and PO skill development; and (3) explore the association between DNA methylation of NR3C1 and HSD11B2 and infant characteristics, early life stress, and PO skill development.

Method: We employed a longitudinal descriptive pilot study (N = 10).

'once they see blood then the mood for sex is spoiled' A qualitative exploration of female sex worker's male client views of menstruation, sex during menses and the menstrual disc.

To continue working during menses, female sex workers (FSW) may use unhygienic absorbents to hide their menstrual status. The menstrual disc may provide a solution. Little is known about men's knowledge and views, specifically around sex during menstruation with FSW, a population who are particularly vulnerable to violence which may be heightened during menses.

Critical Appraisal of Evidence: Synthesis and Recommendations.

This is the fifth article in a new series designed to provide readers with insight into educating nurses about evidence-based decision-making (EBDM). It builds on AJN's award-winning previous series-Evidence-Based Practice, Step by Step and EBP 2.0: Implementing and Sustaining Change (to access both series, go to https://links.

ChatGPT-4 Turbo and Meta's LLaMA 3.1: A Relative Analysis of Answering Radiology Text-Based Questions.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of two AI models - OpenAI's GPT-4 Turbo (San Francisco, CA) and Meta's LLaMA 3.1 (Menlo Park, CA) - when answering a standardized set of pediatric radiology questions. The primary objective was to evaluate the overall accuracy of each model, while the secondary objective was to assess their performance within subsections.

Returning to Work is Associated with Higher Quality of Life: A LIMB-Q Analysis in Patients with Limb-Threatening Injuries.

Objectives: To identify clinical, demographic, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) associated with return to work after lower extremity traumatic injury requiring amputation or limb salvage.

Methods: Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Multi-center across 25 countries.

Validation of PROMIS-PI in a Lumbar Decompression Cohort Through Correlation to Established Pain and Disability Metrics.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: To validate using patient-reported outcome measurement information system-pain interference (PROMIS-PI) to assess outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery compared with well-established pain and disability measures.

Summary Of Background Data: PROMIS outcomes provide valuable information, but the PROMIS-PI measure has not been validated in lumbar decompression.

Next generation brain health: transforming global research and public health to promote prevention of dementia and reduce its risk in young adult populations.

Efforts to prevent dementia can benefit from precision interventions delivered to the right population at the right time; that is, when the potential to reduce risk is the highest. Young adults (aged 18-39 years) are a neglected population in dementia research and policy making despite being highly exposed to several known modifiable risk factors. The risk and protective factors that have the biggest effect on dementia outcomes in young adulthood, and how these associations differ across regions and groups, still remain unclear.

An analysis of RNA quality metrics in human brain tissue.

Human brain tissue studies have used a range of metrics to assess RNA quality but there are few large-scale cross-comparisons of presequencing quality metrics with RNA-seq quality. We analyzed how postmortem interval (PMI) and RNA integrity number (RIN) before RNA-seq relate to RNA quality after sequencing (percent of counts in top 10 genes [PTT], 5' bias, and 3' bias), and with individual gene counts across the transcriptome. We analyzed 4 human cerebrocortical tissue sets (1 surgical, 3 autopsy), sequenced with varying protocols.

Age-friendly mental health systems: A step toward geriatric competency.

The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System framework (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) have been effectively implemented in thousands of health systems worldwide to improve the care of older adults. As Americans are living longer lives, the need for age-friendly care will continue to grow. While the 4Ms framework has been highly effective at improving care for older adults, many mental health professionals struggle to see their role in all elements of the framework.

Change in Postpartum Visit and Contraception Rates Pre-COVID-19 to Post-Lockdown in Six U.S. Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Postpartum care, including contraception, benefits maternal health and decreases mortality, which increased in the United States with COVID-19. Pandemic disruptions to postpartum health care access in vulnerable populations are not well understood. We utilize electronic health record (EHR) data for prenatal patients ( = 2,265) at six urban Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) from one year prepandemic (January 1, 2019) through one year after the first stay-at-home orders ("lockdown") (March 31, 2021).

Durlobactam in combination with β-lactams to combat .

() presents significant clinical challenges. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of a β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combination against and explored the underlying mechanisms. Synergy was assessed through MIC tests and time-kill studies, and binding affinities of nine β-lactams and BLIs to eight target receptors (L,D-transpeptidases [LDT] 1-5, D,D-carboxypeptidase, penicillin-binding protein [PBP] B, and PBP-lipo) were assessed using mass spectrometry and kinetic studies.