Dietary flavonols and risk of Alzheimer dementia.

Objective: To determine whether dietary intake of flavonols is associated with Alzheimer dementia.

Methods: The study was conducted among 921 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), an ongoing community-based, prospective cohort. Participants completed annual neurologic evaluations and dietary assessments using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

A Vulnerability Risk Index of Self-Neglect in a Community-Dwelling Older Population.

Background: The only way to systematically screen for self-neglect among older adults is through in-home observations, which are often difficult and unfeasible for healthcare providers. To fill this gap, we need a robust and efficient prognostication tool to better treat and prevent self-neglect among older adults.

Objectives: To develop a predictive index that can be used to assess risk prognostication of the onset of self-neglect among community-dwelling older populations.

Olive Oil Intake Associated with Increased Attention Scores in Women Living with HIV: Findings from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study.

Women aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are particularly vulnerable to cognitive decline. Recent studies have highlighted the potential protective effects of olive oil on cognition in persons living without HIV. We sought to evaluate the association between olive oil consumption and domain-specific cognitive performance (dCog) -scores (adjusted for age, race, education, reading level, practice effects) in women living with HIV (WLWH) and sociodemographically similar women living without HIV.

Determination of Vitamin D and Its Metabolites in Human Brain Using an Ultra-Pressure LC-Tandem Mass Spectra Method.

Background: Low serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear if serum 25(OH)D concentrations are a valid indicator of the concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites in human brain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method to quantify vitamin D, 25(OH)D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D] in human brain.

Age and cognitive decline in the UK Biobank.

Objectives: Age-related cognitive decline is a well-known phenomenon after age 65 but little is known about earlier changes and prior studies are based on relatively small samples. We investigated the impact of age on cognitive decline in the largest population sample to date including young to old adults.

Method: Between 100,352 and 468,534 participants aged 38-73 years from UK Biobank completed at least one of seven self-administered cognitive functioning tests: prospective memory (PM), pairs matching (Pairs), fluid intelligence (FI), reaction time (RT), symbol digit substitution, trail making A and B.

Brain iron is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer pathology.

Cortical iron has been shown to be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the impact of the directly measured iron on the clinical syndrome has not been assessed. We investigated the association between post-mortem iron levels with the clinical and pathological diagnosis of AD, its severity, and the rate of cognitive decline in the 12 years prior to death in subjects from the Memory and Aging Project (n = 209). Iron was elevated (β [SE] = 9.

Episodic memory performance in a multi-ethnic longitudinal study of 13,037 elderly.

Age-related changes in memory are not uniform, even in the absence of dementia. Characterization of non-disease associated cognitive changes is crucial to gain a more complete understanding of brain aging. Episodic memory was investigated in 13,037 ethnically diverse elderly (ages 72 to 85 years) with two to 15 years of follow-up, and with known dementia status, age, sex, education, and APOE genotypes.

Prevalence and incidence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease dementia from 1994 to 2012 in a population study.

Introduction: The trends in prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia remain uncertain.

Methods: A sample of 2794 participants with a clinical diagnosis for AD dementia were included.

Results: The 2010 census standardized prevalence of AD dementia was 14.

Antecedents and consequences of unawareness of memory impairment in dementia.

Objective: To assess the prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of unawareness of memory impairment in dementia.

Method: Persons ( = 1,862) from a geographically defined community without dementia at enrollment subsequently underwent clinical classification (248 with dementia, 611 with mild cognitive impairment, 1,003 with no cognitive impairment), memory testing, and self-appraisal of memory. Memory performance was regressed on self-appraised memory, and the residuals served as an index of memory awareness.

Is Migration at Older Age Associated With Poorer Psychological Well-Being? Evidence from Chinese Older Immigrants in the United States.

Background And Objectives: The migrating age of an individual has far-reaching implications for their acculturation experience, social integration, and well-being. This study addressed two questions: Is migrating at older age associated with poorer psychological well-being? If so, what factors account for such differences?

Research Design And Methods: Using data of 3,138 Chinese elderly people in Chicago, we compared the levels of depression and quality of life among individuals who migrated in young adulthood (before 35), adulthood (35-49), midlife (50-64), and later life (65+). Negative binominal and logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between age at migration and the two outcomes, controlling for demographics and four sets of explanatory variables (socioeconomic status, health status, acculturation level, and family/social relations).

Secular Trends in Cognitive Performance in Older Black and White U.S. Adults, 1993-2012: Findings From the Chicago Health and Aging Project.

Objective: To characterize secular trends from 1993 to 2012 in cognitive performance using a cohort of older black and white U.S. adults, and compare trends by race.

Mental Work Demands and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Shanghai Aging Study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the association between mental work demands (MWDs) and late-life cognition among Chinese older adults.

Method: Data were drawn from the baseline of the Shanghai Aging Study.

Results: Among 3,546 participants, the mean MWDs index of participants with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitive normal were 2.

A Common DIO2 Polymorphism and Alzheimer Disease Dementia in African and European Americans.

Context: A common single nucleotide polymorphism in DIO2, Thr92AlaD2, has been associated with a transcriptome typically found in neurodegenerative diseases in postmortem human brain tissue.

Objective: To determine whether Thr92AlaD2 is associated with incident Alzheimer disease (AD).

Design: Population-based study; human brain tissue microarray.

Memory complaints, dementia, and neuropathology in older blacks and whites.

Objective: To determine relationships of memory complaints to cognitive function and decline, incident dementia, and neurodegenerative and other neuropathologies, as well as the population-attributable risk for dementia in older black and white persons.

Methods: A total of 4,015 community-based persons (28% black; 74% women; mean baseline age = 78 years) were enrolled in 1 of 4 longitudinal cohort studies, and another 2,937 in a population-based cohort. Memory scores, assessed using 2 questions (5-point Likert scales) were categorized as complaints present or absent.

Is Social Network a Protective Factor for Cognitive Impairment in US Chinese Older Adults? Findings from the PINE Study.

Background: Social network has been identified as a protective factor for cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between social network and global and subdomains of cognitive function remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to provide an analytic framework to examine quantity, composition, and quality of social network and investigate the association between social network, global cognition, and cognitive domains among US Chinese older adults.

Geographical proximity and depressive symptoms among adult child caregivers: social support as a moderator.

Objectives: This study examined whether geographical proximity is a predictor of depressive symptoms, and whether family and friend support can moderate the relationship between geographical proximity and depressive symptoms.

Method: A survey of 557 adult child primary caregivers was conducted in Shanghai, China in 2013. Geographical proximity was measured as a categorical variable: coresidence, short distance (less than 30 minutes' travel time), and long distance (more than 30 minutes' travel time).

Racial Differences in the Association Between Apolipoprotein E Risk Alleles and Overall and Total Cardiovascular Mortality Over 18 Years.

Objectives: To examine the difference in the association between apolipoprotein (APO)E allele and overall and cardiovascular mortality between African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs).

Design: Longitudinal, cohort study of 18 years.

Setting: Biracial urban US population sample.

Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial.

Approximately one-third of individuals in the United States experience unsatisfactory bowel habits, and dietary intake, especially one low in fiber, could be partly responsible. We hypothesized that intake of a fermentable fiber (starch-entrapped microspheres, SM) that has a delayed, slow fermentation profile in vitro would improve bowel habit while exhibiting prebiotic capacity in those with self-described unsatisfactory bowel habits, all with minimal adverse effects. A total of 43 healthy volunteers completed a 3-month, double-blind, parallel-arm randomized clinical trial to assess the ability of a daily dose (9 or 12 g) of SM vs psyllium (12 g) to improve bowel habit, including stool consistency and frequency, and modify gut milieu through changes in stool microbiota and short-chain fatty acids while remaining tolerable through minimal gastrointestinal symptoms.

A cross-sectional study of coping resources and mental health of Chinese older adults in the United States.

Objectives: This study examined the potential influence of coping resources at individual (sense of mastery), family (spousal and family support, children's filial piety), and community levels (community cohesion) on the mental health (depression, anxiety) of U.S. Chinese older adults.

Effect of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Intervention on Improving Dementia Family Caregiver Physical Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) affect more than five million Americans and their family caregivers. Caregiving creates challenges, may contribute to decreased caregiver health and is associated with $9.7 billion of caregiver health care costs.