Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group.

There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers.

Cell Type Differentiation Using Network Clustering Algorithms.

Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies provide unprecedented resolution representing transcriptomics at the level of single cell. One of the biggest challenges in scRNA-seq data analysis is the cell type annotation, which is usually inferred by cell separation approaches. In-silico algorithms that accurately identify individual cell types in ongoing single-cell sequencing studies are crucial for unlocking cellular heterogeneity and understanding the biological basis of diseases.

Association of Tailpipe-Related and Nontailpipe-Related Air Pollution Exposure with Cognitive Decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.

Background: Evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of dementia and related cognitive outcomes. A major source of air pollution is automotive traffic, which is modifiable by technological and regulatory interventions.

Objectives: We examined associations of four traffic-related air pollutants with rates of cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults.

Urinary pentosidine as a potential biomarker of muscle and physical performance in young adult men.

Pentosidine is representative of the cross-linked structure of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and has been suggested as a biomarker to assess bone and muscle quality. As studies on pentosidine in young adult men remain limited, we aimed to clarify the associations of urinary pentosidine with musculoskeletal status and physical performance in young men. Participants in this study comprised 32 men (age range: 19-39 years).

WMH Contributions to Cognitive Impairment: Rationale and Design of the Diverse VCID Study.

As awareness of dementia increases, more individuals with minor cognitive complaints are requesting clinical assessment. Neuroimaging studies frequently identify incidental white matter hyperintensities, raising patient concerns about their brain health and future risk for dementia. Moreover, current US demographics indicate that ≈50% of these individuals will be from diverse backgrounds by 2060.

Prospective associations of interleukin-6 and allele with cognitive decline in biracial community-dwelling older adults: The Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP).

Introduction: It is unclear whether inflammation, that is, high interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and genetic risk, that is, apolipoprotein E () ε4 allele, have a compounding effect on cognitive decline (CD).

Methods: We analyzed a subset of participants from the longitudinal cohort study, Chicago Health and Aging Project, comprising 1120 biracial community-dwelling older adults (60% Black and 62% women), and mean follow-up = 6.4 years.

Ultraprocessed food intake and body mass index change among youths: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Suboptimal diets may promote undesired weight gain in youths, with high ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake becoming a significant concern in the United States.

Objectives: We evaluated the association between UPF intake and body mass index [BMI (in kg/m)] change in large United States youth cohorts.

Methods: Participants included children and adolescents (7-17 y) from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS1 and GUTS2) who completed baseline and ≥1 follow-up diet and anthropometrics assessment (GUTS1 1996-2001: N = 15,797; GUTS2 2004-2011: N = 9720).

The Lived Experiences of Racial Microaggressions for Black Individuals While Seeking Orthopedic-Related Care: A Qualitative Study.

Race-based health disparities for racially and ethnically diverse people with orthopedic-related conditions are well documented and their experiences when seeking care deserve more attention. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of racial microaggressions occurring when racially and ethnically diverse people seek health care services for orthopedic-related conditions. We used transcendental phenomenology to understand their lived experiences of racial microaggressions while receiving orthopedic-related health care services.

Risk factors for long COVID syndrome in postmenopausal women with previously reported diagnosis of COVID-19.

Purpose: Long COVID-19 syndrome occurs in 10-20 % of people after a confirmed/probable SARS-COV-2 infection; new symptoms begin within three months of COVID-19 diagnosis and last > 8 weeks. Little is known about risk factors for long COVID, particularly in older people who are at greater risk of COVID complications.

Methods: Data are from Women's Health Initiative (WHI) postmenopausal women who completed COVID surveys that included questions on whether they had ever been diagnosed with COVID and length and nature of symptoms.

Sex and gender differences in cognitive resilience to aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Sex and gender-biological and social constructs-significantly impact the prevalence of protective and risk factors, influencing the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD; amyloid beta and tau) and other pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular disease) which ultimately shape cognitive trajectories.

New horizon in improving ageing with improvisational theatre.

Cognitive decline, mental health and mindset factors can all affect the autonomy and well-being of older adults. As the number of older adults across the globe increases, interventions to improve well-being are urgently needed. Improvisational theatre (improv) and improv-based interventions are well-suited to address this need.

Perceived Stress, Blood Biomarkers, and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults.

Introduction: There is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding how perceived stress may influence the relationship between serum-measured biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline.

Methods: This study consists of 1118 older adult participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) (60% Black participants and 63% female participants). Linear mixed effects regression models were conducted to examine the role of perceived stress in the association between three blood biomarkers: total tau (t-tau), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) on global cognitive decline.

Reversal of the concreteness effect can be detected in the natural speech of older adults with amnestic, but not non-amnestic, mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Patients with Alzheimer's disease present with difficulty in lexical retrieval and reversal of the concreteness effect in nouns. Little is known about the phenomena before the onset of symptoms. We anticipate early linguistic signs in the speech of people who suffer from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Dietary fats and the APOE-e4 risk allele in relation to cognitive decline: a longitudinal investigation in a biracial population sample.

Background: APOE-e4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the influence of APOE-e4 on dietary fat intake and cognition has not been investigated.

Objective: We aim to examine the association of types of dietary fat and their association to cognitive decline among those with and without the APOE-e4 allele.

Statin Initiation and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease and Cognitive Decline in Genetically Susceptible Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: The association of statin initiation with incident Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia and cognitive decline by the ε4 allele is unknown. Our objective was to examine whether the association of statin initiation with incident AD dementia and cognitive decline differs by the ε4 allele.

Methods: This population-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 4 urban communities in Chicago, IL, United States, consisting of 4,807 participants.

LFC study: Protocol for a longitudinal follow-up cohort study on ageing and mental health in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore.

The rapid pace of population ageing worldwide has prompted the need to better understand the ageing process. The current study, titled the Longitudinal Follow-up of the CHI (LFC) study, was a 3-year follow-up study of an earlier study titled the Community Health and Intergenerational (CHI) study. The LFC study looked to examine longitudinal changes in their cognitive functioning and psychosocial outcomes across the 3-year period.

Healthy Lifestyle and Cognition in Older Adults With Common Neuropathologies of Dementia.

Importance: A healthy lifestyle is associated with better cognitive functioning in older adults, but whether this association is independent of the accumulation of dementia-related pathologies in the brain is uncertain.

Objective: To determine the role of postmortem brain pathology, including β-amyloid load, phosphorylated tau tangles, cerebrovascular pathology, and other brain pathologies, in the association between lifestyle and cognition proximate to death.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal clinical-pathologic study with autopsy data from 1997 to 2022 and up to 24 years of follow-up.

Temporal Patterns of Change in Physical and Cognitive Performance.

Background: This study examined the relation between declines in physical and cognitive performance in older people.

Methods: A population-based cohort of 7 483 adults (average age 72 years) were interviewed. Physical performance was assessed with 3 standardized tests and a combination of 4 cognitive tests was used to assess cognitive function.

Association of Whole Grain Consumption and Cognitive Decline: An Investigation From a Community-Based Biracial Cohort of Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: To examine the association of whole grain consumption and longitudinal change in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory by different race/ethnicity.

Methods: We included 3,326 participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project who responded to a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), with 2 or more cognitive assessments. Global cognition was assessed using a composite score of episodic memory, perceptual speed, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Association of Vitamin E and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with and without the APOEɛ4 Allele: A Biracial Population-Based Community Study.

Background: The association of different types of tocopherols (vitamin E) with cognition might vary by the APOEɛ4 allele status.

Objective: We examined the association of dietary tocopherols with cognitive decline among participants with and without the APOEɛ4 allele over a median of 12 years.

Methods: 2,193 participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project were included in the analyses.

Neuroticism, physical activity, and cognitive functioning in a population-based cohort of older adults.

Background: Little is known about how physical activity influences the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive function and cognitive decline.

Methods: Data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) was utilized to conduct this study. CHAP is a population-based cohort study of chronic conditions in older adults.