Robust and interpretable deep learning system for prognostic stratification of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

Purpose: Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an hematologic malignancy with prognostic heterogeneity. We aimed to develop and validate DeepENKTCL, an interpretable deep learning prediction system for prognosis risk stratification in ENKTCL.

Methods: A total of 562 patients from four centers were divided into the training cohort, validation cohort and test cohort.

Comparative analysis of sleep physiology using qualitative and quantitative criteria for insomnia symptoms.

Despite decades of research, defining insomnia remains challenging due to its complex and variable nature. Various diagnostic systems emphasize the chronic nature of insomnia and its impact on daily functioning, relying heavily on patient self-reporting due to limitations in objective measures like polysomnography (PSG). Discrepancies between subjective experiences and objective PSG results highlight the need for more nuanced approaches, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis, which reveals distinct patterns of high-frequency activity in individuals with insomnia.

Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme Ubc13 in Macrophages Suppresses Lung Tumor Progression Through Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression.

Tumor cell-intrinsic ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 promotes tumorigenesis, yet how Ubc13 in immune cell compartments regulates tumor progression remains elusive. Here, we show that myeloid-specific deletion of Ubc13 (Ubc13Lyz2) leads to accelerated transplanted lung tumor growth in mice. Compared with their littermate controls, tumor-bearing Ubc13Lyz2 mice had lower proliferation and effector function of CD8 T lymphocytes, accompanied by increased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells within the tumor microenvironment.

Causal relationship between genetically predicted mental disorders and frailty: a bidirectional and multivariable mendelian randomization study.

Background: In observational studies, frailty has been strongly associated with mental disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between frailty and mental disorders remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the causal relationship between frailty, as measured by the frailty index (FI), and ten common mental disorders.

Global analysis of influenza epidemic characteristics in the first two seasons after lifting the nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the global influenza seasonal patterns due to nonpharmaceutical interventions. This study aims to describe the influenza seasonal characteristics in the first two seasons after lifting COVID-19 NPIs and assess shifts before, during, and after the pandemic.

Methods: We analyzed country-specific weekly influenza data (2011-2024) from WHO FluNet and collected COVID-19 NPI timing from official announcements.

Shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty reveals comorbidity etiology and pleiotropic druggable targets.

Background: Delineating the shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty is essential for unraveling the common etiology and developing holistic therapeutic strategies for these co-existing conditions.

Methods: In this genome-wide pleiotropic association study, we performed multi-level pairwise trait pleiotropic analyses using genome-wide association study summary statistics from up to 461,026 European ancestry individuals to dissect the shared genetic factors and causal relationships of type 2 diabetes and seven glycemic traits with four muscle mass- and function-related phenotypes and the frailty index.

Results: We first identified 27 pairs with significant genetic correlations through the linkage disequilibrium score regression and high-definition likelihood analysis.

The state of implementation science in major depressive disorder: A narrative review.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders with high recurrence rate. There is often a gap between scientific evidence related to the effective and cost-effective treatment of depression and clinical practice. Implementation science is a field of inquiry that aims to advance the process of applying evidence-based interventions to real-world problems.

SIRT6 deficiency impairs the deacetylation and ubiquitination of UHRF1 to strengthen glycolysis and lactate secretion in bladder cancer.

Background: Aberrant interplay between epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic rewiring events contributes to bladder cancer progression and metastasis. How the deacetylase Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6) regulates glycolysis and lactate secretion in bladder cancer remains poorly defined. We thus aimed to study the biological functions of SIRT6 in bladder cancer.

Longitudinal dynamic MRI radiomic models for early prediction of prognosis in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: To investigate the early predictive value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics for progression and prognosis in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Methods And Materials: A total of 111 LACC patients (training set: 88; test set: 23) were retrospectively enrolled. Dynamic MR images were acquired at baseline (MRI), before brachytherapy delivery (MRI) and at each follow-up visit.

A famsin-glucagon axis mediates glucose homeostasis.

Glucagon is essential for glucose homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with diabetes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms governing glucagon secretion remain incompletely understood. Here, we unveil that famsin, a gut-secreted hormone, promotes glucagon release and modulates glucose homeostasis.

Comparative study of Claude 3.5-Sonnet and human physicians in generating discharge summaries for patients with renal insufficiency: assessment of efficiency, accuracy, and quality.

Background: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great potential in medical document generation. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Claude 3.5-Sonnet, an advanced AI model, in generating discharge summaries for patients with renal insufficiency, compared to human physicians.

Machine Learning-Based Pathomics Model to Predict the Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly lethal urinary malignancy with poor overall survival (OS) rates. Integrating computer vision and machine learning in pathomics analysis offers potential for enhancing classification, prognosis, and treatment strategies for ccRCC. This study aims to create a pathomics model to predict OS in ccRCC patients.

A phase 2 pilot study of umbilical cord blood infusion as an adjuvant consolidation therapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aging-related malignancy, with patients aged ≥60 years old facing significantly poorer prognosis. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has emerged as a promising source with effective anti-aging roles. Here, we conducted a prospective, phase 2, single-arm trial of UCB infusion as an adjuvant consolidation therapy in elderly AML patients (ChiCTR-OPC-15006492).

Reactive oxygen species switcher via MnO-coated Prussian blue loaded hyaluronic acid methacrylate hydrogel microspheres for local anti-tumor treatment.

ROS-induced therapy can eradicate breast tumors when combined with thermal ablation, but excessive ROS also threatens peritumoral tissue with inflammation. To eradicate tumors and avoid inflammatory sequela, it is necessary to generate ROS in treatment stage and scavenge ROS in prognostic stage. However, it is a great challenge to reverse ROS in different stages.

Standardized assessment of energy excretion in healthy adults: a novel methodology.

Background: Accurate monitoring of energy balance is essential for effective weight management, but the role of energy excretion is often neglected.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a standardized method for assessing energy excretion using dye-labeled meal replacement bars with consistent and stable ingredients.

Methods: We utilized baseline data from a registered cross-over trial involving 12 healthy adults (7 females and 5 males) with a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m.

Characteristics of In-Flight Medical Emergencies on a Commercial Airline in Mainland China: Retrospective Study.

Background: In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) can have severe outcomes, including the deaths of passengers and aircraft diversions. Information is lacking regarding the incidence rate and characteristics of IMEs in most countries, especially in mainland China.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, patterns, and associated risk factors of IMEs in mainland China and to provide medical suggestions for the evaluation and management of IMEs.

Deep learning-based reconstruction: a reliability assessment in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for primary rectal cancer.

Background: Deep learning has developed rapidly, and deep learning reconstruction (DLR) methods in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are gaining attention for their potential to improve efficacy in clinical work. The preoperative MRI assessment of rectal cancer is crucial for patient management, but the imaging quality is currently limited by a number of factors. DLR could be applied to the preoperative MRI assessment of primary rectal cancer, but research about its specific reliability is limited.

Clinical application of ultrasound-guided magnetic resonance arthrography for the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon tears.

Background: There are only a few isolated studies that have examined ultrasound-guided magnetic resonance arthrography (USMRA) of the glenohumeral joint and subacromial bursa with the use of gadolinium contrast agent. This study aimed to determine the clinical value of USMRA in the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon tears and its subtypes.

Methods: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) was performed in 207 patients with shoulder pain as confirmed by arthroscopic examination, 103 of whom underwent shoulder joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 104 of whom underwent USMRA.

Metabolism: a potential regulator of neutrophil fate.

Neutrophils are essential components of the innate immune system that defend against the invading pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as having regulatory roles in various conditions, including tissue repair, cancer immunity, and inflammation modulation. The function of neutrophils is strongly related to their mode of cell death, as different types of cell death involve various cellular and molecular alterations. Apoptosis, a non-inflammatory and programmed type of cell death, is the most common in neutrophils, while other modes of cell death, including NETOsis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have specific roles in neutrophil function regulation.

External validation of the ICU-CARB score to predict carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria carriage in critically ill patients upon ICU admission: a multicenter analysis.

Background: Recognition of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) carriage is frequently delayed, which increases the risk of subsequent infection and transmission. Previously, we developed a scoring system to identify CR-GNB carriage upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Although the ICU-CARB score showed satisfactory performance, it has not been externally validated.

3D cryo-printed hierarchical porous scaffolds provide immobilization of surface-functionalized sleep-inspired small extracellular vesicles: synergistic therapeutic strategies for vascularized bone regeneration based on macrophage phenotype modulation and angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling.

Bone defect healing is a multi-factorial process involving the inflammatory microenvironment, bone regeneration and the formation of blood vessels, and remains a great challenge in clinical practice. Combined use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds and bioactive factors is an emerging strategy for the treatment of bone defects. Scaffolds can be printed using 3D cryogenic printing technology to create a microarchitecture similar to trabecular bone.

Evaluation of gecacitinib vs hydroxyurea in patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis: final analysis results from a randomized phase 3 study.

To compare the efficacy and safety of gecacitinib (also known as jaktinib) with hydroxyurea (HU) in treating myelofibrosis (MF) patients. In this multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial (ZGJAK016), intermediate- or high-risk primarily JAK inhibitor naïve MF patients were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either gecacitinib (100 mg twice a day, BID) or HU (500 mg BID). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume (SVR35) from baseline at week 24.