Treating anxiety comorbidity: Lessons from exposure generalization studies.

Comorbidity is a characteristic hallmark of anxiety disorders. Presence of comorbid anxiety and depression is challenging to the diagnosis and treatment. Conventional and transdiagnostic treatment options for anxiety disorders strongly depend on the use of exposure.

Screening and surveillance practices for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1-related Neuroendocrine Tumours in European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Centers of Excellence (ENETS CoE)-An ENETS MEN1 task force questionnaire study.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) Clinical Practice Guidelines (2012) are predominantly based on expert opinion due to limited available evidence at the time, leaving room for interpretation and variation in practices. Evidence on the natural course of MEN1-related neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and the value of screening programs has increased and new imaging techniques have emerged. The aim of this study is to provide insight in the current practices of screening and surveillance for MEN1-related NETs in ENETS Centers of Excellence (CoEs).

One-year ecological momentary assessment of alcohol use, mood, and stress among individuals with alcohol use disorder during SARS-CoV-2 pandemics: a gender-specific reflection.

Alcohol consumption (AC) is a leading risk factor for death, morbidity, and disability worldwide. Gender-specific differences in AC and its moderators, which may serve as markers for preventing severe alcohol use disorders (AUD), showed inconsistent results. Additionally, the impact of COVID-19-related lockdowns on these differences remains unclear.

Causality and scientific explanation of artificial intelligence systems in biomedicine.

With rapid advances of deep neural networks over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) systems are now commonplace in many applications in biomedicine. These systems often achieve high predictive accuracy in clinical studies, and increasingly in clinical practice. Yet, despite their commonly high predictive accuracy, the trustworthiness of AI systems needs to be questioned when it comes to decision-making that affects the well-being of patients or the fairness towards patients or other stakeholders affected by AI-based decisions.

Natural language processing reveals differences in mental time travel at higher levels of self-efficacy.

The (re-)construction of past and future personal experiences, termed mental time travel (MTT), is highly adaptive and contributes to self-related beliefs and attitudes. Mounting evidence suggests that self-efficacy (SE), the belief that one can overcome obstacles on their own account, is functionally related to MTT. In the present study, we used novel methods for the analysis of MTT narratives based on natural language processing (NLP) to investigate the relation between SE and MTT.

Understanding Alcohol Consumption and Its Antecedents and Consequences in Daily Life: The Why and the How.

Most of the scientific research on alcohol consumption behavior in humans is laboratory-based, as reflected by the ratio of laboratory vs. real-life contributions to this handbook. Studies in daily life, although having a long history in addiction research (Shiffman et al.

Reduced speech coherence in psychosis-related social media forum posts.

The extraction of linguistic markers from social media posts, which are indicative of the onset and course of mental disorders, offers great potential for mental healthcare. In the present study, we extracted over one million posts from the popular social media platform Reddit to analyze speech coherence, which reflects formal thought disorder and is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia and associated psychotic disorders. Natural language processing (NLP) models were used to perform an automated quantification of speech coherence.

Generalization of beneficial exposure effects to untreated stimuli from another fear category.

Previous research has shown that fear associated with one stimulus often spreads to other stimuli with similar perceptual features as well as across different stimulus categories. Exposure is considered as the most effective intervention to attenuate exaggerated fear. The extent to which exposure treatment effects can generalize to fears not targeted during treatment remains elusive.

Persistent Firing in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells in Young and Aged Rats.

Persistent neuronal firing is often observed in working memory and temporal association tasks both in humans and animals, and is believed to retain necessary information in these tasks. We have reported that hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells are able to support persistent firing through intrinsic mechanisms in the presence of cholinergic agonists. However, it still remains largely unknown how persistent firing is affected by the development of animals and aging.

A fatal alliance: Glial connexins, myelin pathology and mental disorders.

Mature oligodendrocytes are myelin forming glial cells which are responsible for myelination of neuronal axons in the white matter of the central nervous system. Myelin pathology is a major feature of severe neurological disorders. Oligodendrocyte-specific gene mutations and/or white matter alterations have also been addressed in a variety of mental disorders.

Organic Nitrogen Supplementation Increases Vegetative and Reproductive Biomass in a Versatile White Rot Fungus.

The Black Poplar Mushroom (syn. ) is a white-rot fungus that naturally fruits from woody substrates, including buried wood. It is known for its substrate versatility and is equipped with a respective carbohydrate-active enzyme repertoire being intermediate between typical white-rot fungi and plant litter decomposers.

A new path to mental disorders: Through gap junction channels and hemichannels.

Behavioral disturbances related to emotional regulation, reward processing, cognition, sleep-wake regulation and activity/movement represent core symptoms of most common mental disorders. Increasing empirical and theoretical evidence suggests that normal functioning of these behavioral domains relies on fine graded coordination of neural and glial networks which are maintained and modulated by intercellular gap junction channels and unapposed pannexin or connexin hemichannels. Dysfunctions in these networks might contribute to the development and maintenance of psychopathological and neurobiological features associated with mental disorders.

Recognition memory, primacy vs. recency effects, and time perception in the online version of the fear of scream paradigm.

Anxiety disorders are characterized by cognitive dysfunctions which contribute to the patient's profound disabilities. The threat of shock paradigm represents a validated psychopathological model of anxiety to measure the impact of anxiety on cognitive processes. We have developed an online version of the threat of scream paradigm (ToSP) to investigate the impact of experimental anxiety on recognition memory.

Erratum to 'Conversion From Knee Arthrodesis Back to Arthroplasty: A Particular Challenge in Combination With Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infection' [Arthroplasty Today 6 (2020) 1038-1044].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.

Potentials of Low-Budget Microdrones: Processing 3D Point Clouds and Images for Representing Post-Industrial Landmarks in Immersive Virtual Environments.

Post-industrial areas in Europe, such as the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan region in Germany, include cultural heritage sites fostering local and regional identities with the industrial past. Today, these landmarks are popular places of interest for visitors. In addition to portable camera devices, low-budget ultra-lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles, such as micro quadcopter drones, are on their way to being established as mass photography equipment.

Biomimetics Linked to Classical Product Development: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor to Develop a Technical Standard.

Biomimetics is a well-known approach for technical innovation. However, most of its influence remains in the academic field. One option for increasing its application in the practice of technical design is to enhance the use of the biomimetic process with a step-by-step standard, building a bridge to common engineering procedures.

Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasia After Surgery.

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) are rare and complex, with surgery as key therapy even in cases with metastasis. Little is known regarding the quality of life, prevalence of depression, anxiety and the impact of surgery.

Methods: This prospective, follow-up study included 90 consecutively recruited patients with NEN after surgery in a university hospital.

The dynamical association between physical activity and affect in the daily life of individuals with ADHD.

Exercise interventions in mental disorders have evidenced a mood-enhancing effect. However, the association between physical activity and affect in everyday life has not been investigated in adult individuals with ADHD, despite being important features of this disorder. As physical activity and affect are dynamic processes in nature, assessing those in everyday life with e-diaries and wearables, has become the gold standard.

Survey participation among general practitioners: comparison between teaching physicians and a random sample.

Objective: Health scientists strive for a smooth recruitment of physicians for research projects like surveys. Teaching physicians are an easy to approach population that is already affiliated with a university by teaching students in their practice. How do response rates compare between a convenient online survey among teaching physicians and an elaborate postal survey in a random sample of unknown physicians? Data from the TMI-GP study on the use of memory tests in general practice were used.

Towards an animal model of consciousness based on the platform theory.

The evolution of intellectual capacities has brought forth a continuum of consciousness levels subserved by neuronal networks of varying complexity. Brain pathologies, neurodegenerative, and mental diseases affect conscious cognition and behavior. Although impairments in consciousness are among the most devastating consequences of neurological and mental diseases, valid and reliable animal models of consciousness, that could be used for preclinical research are missing.

Typing of inflammatory lesions of the pituitary.

Inflammatory pituitary lesions account for 1.8% of all specimens from the German Pituitary Tumor Registry. They occure in 0.