1,058 results match your criteria: "Rudjer Boskovic Institute[Affiliation]"

Mithramycin targets head and neck cancer stem cells by inhibiting Sp1 and UFMylation.

Cancer Cell Int

December 2024

Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.

Background: The development of resistance to therapy is characteristic of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the 6th most common cancer, and is often attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). By proteomic approach, we determined that UFMylation plays an important role in HNSCC CSCs. Because of the necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies, we explore here the therapy targeting CSCs based on mithramycin and its inhibitory effect on Sp1 transcription factor, UFMylation, and CSCs survival and stemness.

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Hypothetical axions provide a compelling explanation for dark matter and could be emitted from the hot solar interior. The CERN Axion Solar Telescope has been searching for solar axions via their back conversion to x-ray photons in a 9-T 10-m long magnet directed toward the Sun. We report on an extended run with the International Axion Observatory pathfinder detector, doubling the previous exposure time.

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The growing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease calls for a drug that can simultaneously act towards several targets involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. In our study, we evaluated the potential of hydrazone and -acylhydrazone derivatives of vitamin B6 and pyridine-4-carbaldehyde to be used as multi-target directed ligands targeting cholinergic system by inhibiting acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase, lowering the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques by inhibiting both the β-secretase activity and amyloid self-aggregation, and maintaining the biometal balance by chelating certain biometals. Our results showed that all of the tested hydrazones were potent inhibitors of human cholinesterases with inhibition constants (i) in micromolar range able to lower the activity of β-secretase, inhibit amyloid aggregation, chelate biometals and act as antioxidants.

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Article Synopsis
  • Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibits a wide range of symptoms, complicating the translation of treatment efficacy from animal models to humans, suggesting that current models may not fully capture all PD characteristics.
  • This project investigates whether metabolic dysfunction, induced by administering streptozotocin directly into the striatum of rats, can mimic the symptoms of PD typically seen in patients, focusing on cognitive and motor functions.
  • Results showed that rats given streptozotocin bilaterally experienced significant motor and cognitive impairments alongside disrupted brain metabolism, indicating that this method could provide a better animal model for studying PD and testing new therapies.
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HHH whitepaper.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields

November 2024

Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.

Article Synopsis
  • - The HHH Workshop held in Dubrovnik in July 2023 focused on advancing the understanding of the Higgs boson and its properties within the Standard Model (SM).
  • - To confirm or challenge the SM, researchers need to measure the full potential of the Higgs, including the triple and quartic scalar couplings, particularly involving three scalar bosons at around 125 GeV.
  • - The report highlights ongoing experimental efforts and theoretical models aimed at improving measurement rates and addressing challenges related to multi-scalar final states.
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Complete classification of six-dimensional iso-edge domains.

Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv

January 2025

Université de Bordeaux, 351, cours de la Libération, F33405 Talence, France.

In this paper, we report on the full classification of generic iso-edge subdivisions of six-dimensional translational lattices. We obtain a complete list of 55083357 affine types of iso-edge subdivisions. We report on the use of the method of canonical forms that allows us to apply hashing techniques used in modern databases.

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Genetic Basis of Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Genes (Basel)

September 2024

Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Stress exposure is one of the major risk factors for the development of different psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, leading to various (mal)adaptive alternations in different parts of the brain, and affecting both brain structure and function [...

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Sirtuin 3 drives sex-specific responses to age-related changes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Mech Ageing Dev

December 2024

Division for Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The aging process involves a gradual decline in bodily functions and an increased risk of diseases, largely due to mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly from the loss of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3).
  • The study examined how the absence of Sirt3 affects mitochondrial function and cellular aging in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) when exposed to DNA damage from etoposide.
  • Results showed that while male MEF were relatively resilient to stress without Sirt3, female MEF were significantly more vulnerable, highlighting Sirt3's critical role in sex-specific responses to cellular damage and potential therapeutic targets related to aging.
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Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been recognized as an important factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). It arises due to deficient mismatch repair (MMR), mostly attributed to MLH1 and MSH2 loss of function leading to a global MMR defect affecting mononucleotide and longer microsatellite loci. Recently, microsatellite instability at tetranucleotide loci, independent of the global MMR defect context, has been suggested to represent a distinct entity with possibly different consequences for tumorigenesis.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Understanding the decay properties of the Hoyle state in carbon nuclei is crucial for calculating how much carbon is produced in red-giant stars.
  • - This paper presents a new, nearly background-free method to measure the decay ratio of the Hoyle state, utilizing advanced techniques for detecting charged particles.
  • - The study introduces a bidimensional map to improve measurement accuracy, providing a significant value for the radiative branching ratio and addressing discrepancies from recent research findings.
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To address the challenge of finding new combination therapies against castration-sensitive prostate cancer, we introduce Vini, a computational tool that predicts the efficacy of drug combinations at the intracellular level by integrating data from the KEGG, DrugBank, Pubchem, Protein Data Bank, Uniprot, NCI-60 and COSMIC databases. Vini is a computational tool that predicts the efficacy of drugs and their combinations at the intracellular level. It addresses the problem comprehensively by considering all known target genes, proteins and small molecules and their mutual interactions involved in the onset and development of cancer.

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Purpose: An investigation for the co-occurrence of two unrelated genetic disorders of muscular dystrophy and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) (OMIM#176270) using joint whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Methods: Trio WGS joint analysis was performed to investigate the genetic etiology in a proband with PWS, prolonged muscular hypotonia associated hyperCKemia, and early-onset obesity. The parents were unaffected.

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A study of the enhancement of photodynamic activities of pyropheophorbide-a using PG-Ag-PPa nanoconjugates. The nanoconjugates were formulated from silver nanoparticles and PPa via amide linkage, then characterized, and their photodynamic activities were examined. The nanoconjugates displayed a higher rate of reactive oxygen species generation, commendable cellular uptake by Eca-109 cancer cells, higher photocytotoxicity toward the cancer cells and better bio-safety.

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BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are umbrella disorders that encompass global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, motor developmental disorders, and sleep disorders. Both GDD and autism spectrum disorder are common and yet clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. Despite their high prevalence and the advent of sequencing detection methods, the genomic etiology of GDD and autism spectrum disorder in most patients is largely unknown.

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Introduction: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a serious late complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Methods: This multicenter analysis determined the cumulative incidence (CI) of cGvHD and late acute GvHD (laGvHD) and its impact on transplantation-related mortality (TRM), relapse (R), and overall survival (OS) in 317 patients [296 adults, 21 pediatrics (<12 years of age)] who underwent their first allo-HSCT in 2017.

Results: The CI of laGvHD was 10.

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Azoospermia is a form of male infertility characterized by a complete lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) is the most severe form of azoospermia, where no germ cells are found in the tubules. Recently, FANCM gene variants were reported as novel genetic causes of spermatogenic failure.

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Editorial: Metabolomic aspects in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry

August 2024

Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address:

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Amadori and Heyns rearrangement products of bioactive peptides as potential new ligands of galectin-3.

Carbohydr Res

August 2024

Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 777 Glades Rd., Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. Electronic address:

Non-enzymatic cascade reactions between amines and reducing sugars are known as Maillard reaction. The late phase of these reactions consists of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. Recent evidence suggests that galectin-3 acts as a receptor for AGEs and some early products of the Maillard reaction.

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UVA exposure disturbs the metabolism of skin cells, often inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, there is a need for bioactive compounds that limit such consequences without causing undesirable side effects. The aim of this study was to analyse in vitro the effects of the phytocannabinoids cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabidiol (CBD), which differ in terms of biological effects.

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Global Spore Sampling Project: A global, standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA.

Sci Data

May 2024

Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.

Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world.

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In this work, we have applied the concept of α-hydrazino acid insertion in a peptide sequence as a means of structurally organizing a potential protein-protein interactions (PPI) inhibitor. Hydrazino peptides characterized by the incorporation of an α-hydrazino acid at specific positions introduce an additional nitrogen atom into their backbone. This modification leads to a change in the electrostatic properties of the peptide and induces the restructuring of its hydrogen bonding network, resulting in conformational changes toward more stable structural motifs.

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Oxidative stress often affects the structure and metabolism of lipids, which in the case of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (PUFAs) leads to a self-catalysed chain reaction of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The LPO of PUFAs leads to the formation of various aldehydes, such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 4-hydroxyhexenal, and 4-oxo-2-nonenal. Among the reactive aldehydes, 4-HNE is the major bioactive product of LPO, which has a high affinity for binding to proteins.

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Although cancer and malaria are not etiologically nor pathophysiologically connected, due to their similarities successful repurposing of antimalarial drugs for cancer and vice-versa is known and used in clinical settings and drug research and discovery. With the growing resistance of cancer cells and Plasmodium to the known drugs, there is an urgent need to discover new chemotypes and enrich anticancer and antimalarial drug portfolios. In this paper, we present the design and synthesis of harmiprims, hybrids composed of harmine, an alkaloid of the β-carboline type bearing anticancer and antiplasmodial activities, and primaquine, 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug with low antiproliferative activity, covalently bound via triazole or urea.

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Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. In this respect, Schiff base-related compounds (bearing a RRCNR bond) gained high interest during the past decades. Schiff bases are considered privileged ligands for various reasons, including the easiness of their preparation and the possibility to form complexes with almost all transition metal ions.

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