Prevalence and Types of Congenital Anomalies in Singleton Pregnancies at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction Congenital malformations are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries and are assuming greater importance than ever before. They affect a variety of organ systems and various etiologies have been identified in literature including Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex (TORCH) infections, exposure to pollutants, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and advanced maternal age. In developing countries, diagnosis is frequently delayed which leads to poorer outcomes.

Epidemiological Characteristics and Maternal Risk Factors of Microtia and Aural Atresia in Kazakhstan.

 Microtia and aural atresia present congenital ear anomalies that affect external ear and are associated with conductive hearing loss. Both anomalies result from exposure to various prenatal risk factors, most common during the first trimester of pregnancy.  This study was aimed at epidemiological analysis of microtia/atresia and associated risk factors in the Kazakhstani population.

Immunoblot evaluation of rubella humoral immunity in Portuguese women with negative or low-positive rubella IgG.

Despite its low incidence in Europe, rubella's immune status is still routinely assessed using commercial immunoassays. However, some discrepancies have been observed between these tests and the Immunoblot. The main objective of this study is to evaluate, by a commercial immunoblot, the immune status of a female population that had previously presented negative, low-positive, or equivocal rubella IgG with a commercial immunoassay.

Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause serious fetal disease. The seropositivity rates of these agents vary among countries and geographic regions. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence rates and diagnostic methods used in studies investigating the seroprevalence of viral pathogens in the TORCH group among pregnant women in Turkey between 2005 and 2024.

Hearing Loss in COVID-19 Patients: An Audiological Profile of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients in Qatar.

Background and objective Viral infections caused by cytomegalovirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex type 1 and type 2, rubella, measles, rubeola, HIV, West Nile virus, Lassa virus, and mumps are known to be associated with hearing loss. There have been reports of inner ear involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients but the extent and variations in cochlear involvement of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients has not been adequately described. This study aimed to evaluate the hearing status among symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients to address the prospects for routine screening for hearing loss in COVID-19 patients.

[Retrospective analysis in children with vaccination granuloma].

Background: Vaccine granulomas are a common (0.3-1%) adverse event (AE) of (accidentally) subcutaneously administered vaccines and specific immunotherapies containing aluminum conjugates. The clinical symptoms with persistent itching subcutaneous nodules, predominantly affect infants and young children on the lateral thigh.

Immunisation schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2024 recommendations.

The AEP 2025 Vaccination and Immunization Schedule recommended for children, adolescents and pregnant women residing in Spain features the following novelties: Due to the increase in measles cases and outbreaks in recent years, we recommend advancing the second dose of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine to 2 years of age. As a consequence of the above, since many autonomous communities (ACs) use the quadrivalent vaccine for the second dose of MMR and varicella vaccines, we recommend, for all ACs, advancing the second dose of varicella vaccine to 2 years of age. Due to the very significant increase in cases of pertussis since late 2023 and especially in 2024, we recommend advancing the dose of Tdap given in adolescence to 10-12 years of age.

The Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Involvement as a Risk Factor of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Immunotherapy Failure in Anogenital Warts.

Anogenital warts (AGW) including multiple types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are prevalent. In this context, oncogenic HPV infection leads to anogenital cancers and the lesion is more persistent. Several research on AGW therapy with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine injections have been successful without adverse effects.

Self-limited cutaneous Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A case report.

Blueberry muffin baby syndrome is a condition initially described in 1960 to classify the cutaneous manifestations of newborns with rubella. Subsequently, congenital diseases related to TORCH syndrome and blood dyscrasias have been included under this syndrome. Among the conditions associated with this syndrome is Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, an uncommon condition with variable involvement of one or more organs, often affecting the skin.

Parental Factors Associated With Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination in US Children Younger Than 5 Years.

To determine the association between parental characteristics and MMR (measles-mumps- rubella) vaccination status of children in the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study from July 2023 to April 2024 using a digital health survey via OutbreaksNearMe, weighted to target national population characteristics. We analyzed the responses of 19 892 parents of children younger than 5 years to examine the association between self-reported parental characteristics (i.

Vaccination coverage, delay and loss to follow-up of the triple viral vaccine, in live births between 2017 and 2018 in Brazilian cities.

Objective: To estimate measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage, delay and loss to follow-up in children up to 24 months old living in Brazilian cities.

Methods: Surveys and questionnaires with a retrospective cohort of live births in 2017-2018, analyzing vaccination coverage and sociodemographic data of children and families, based on vaccination card records and interviews.

Results: Valid coverage of first dose was 90.

[Recommendations for clinical practice: Prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period (extended version)].

The Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française released in 2024 a new national recommendation for clinical practice on the prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The previous recommendation was issued in 1998, at a time of anti-VZV immunoglobulins shortage; it has hence become obsolete. This recommendation is a formalized expert consensus focusing on infectious diseases management; it is drawn up by a multidisciplinary working group (infectiologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, microbiologists, midwives, hygienists).

Non-colorectal Cancer Screening and Vaccinations in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review.

Description: The aim of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to provide best practice advice (BPA) statements for gastroenterologists and other health care providers who provide care to patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The focus is on IBD-specific screenings (excluding colorectal cancer screening, which is discussed separately) and vaccinations. We provide guidance to ensure that patients are up to date with the disease-specific cancer screenings, vaccinations, as well as advice for mental health and general wellbeing.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events following measles-containing vaccines in infants less than 12 months of age.

Background: Lowering the age for receiving the first dose of a measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) has been suggested to close the emerging immunity gap in infants. However, tolerability remains one of the main concerns for vaccine-hesitant parents. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of reactogenicity following MCV1 in infants under 12 months of age.

Vaccination against measles-mumps-rubella and rates of non-targeted infectious disease hospitalisations: Nationwide register-based cohort studies in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.

Objectives: To investigate if receipt of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine following the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP3) is associated with reduced rates of non-targeted infectious disease hospitalisations.

Methods: Register based cohort study following 1,397,027 children born in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden until 2 years of age. Rates of infectious disease hospitalisations with minimum one overnight stay according to time-varying vaccination status were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with age as the underlying timescale and including multiple covariates.

Fetal Tetra-Amelia Birth: A Case Report.

Fetal limb anomaly presentation varies greatly. It can present as amelia (complete absence of skeletal part of one or more limb), meromelia (partial absence of skeletal part of one or more limb), phocomelia (only rudimentary limb formed), and minor limb disorders like polydactyly. The complete absence of the four fetal limbs is extremely rare.

Comparative analysis of iridian anterior segment OCT and microbiological features in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome and Posner-Schlossman Syndrome.

Purpose: To compare iridian Swept-Source Anterior Segment OCT (SS-AS-OCT) and microbiological features in Aqueous Humor (AH) in patients with Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (FUS) and Posner-Schlossman Syndrome (PSS).

Methods: Comparative, retrospective-prospective single center study examining 131 eyes from 66 patients, including 33 eyes with PSS, 37 eyes with FUS, and 61 healthy eyes. AH samples were collected from affected eyes in all patients.

Assessment of Simplified Surveillance for Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Sudan, 2014-2017.

Background/objectives: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a constellation of serious multi-organ birth defects following rubella virus infection during early pregnancy. Countries in which rubella vaccination has not yet been introduced can have a high burden of this disease. Data on CRS burden and epidemiology are needed to guide the introduction of a rubella vaccine and monitor progress for rubella elimination, but the multi-system nature of CRS manifestations and required specialized testing creates a challenge for conducting CRS surveillance in developing settings such as Sudan.

Evaluation of Integrated Child Health Days as a Catch-Up Strategy for Immunization in Three Districts in Uganda.

Uganda's Integrated Child Health Day (ICHD) initiative aims to improve children's access to vaccinations. Although widely used as a catch-up vaccination strategy, the effectiveness of the ICHD program in increasing immunization coverage, especially among vulnerable populations, has not been recently evaluated. This study assessed the reach and uptake of ICHD for immunizations in Uganda.

Progress of Measles and Rubella Surveillance in the Context of Measles Elimination in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2019-2022.

In 2015, the 62nd session of the Regional Committee [RC] of the Eastern Mediterranean Region [EMR] endorsed the Eastern Mediterranean Vaccine Action Plan 2016-2020 (EMVAP) that included postponement of the measles elimination target to before 2020. However, the EMR does not have a regional rubella control or elimination goal. We reviewed the progress of measles and rubella surveillance in context of measles elimination in the Eastern Mediterranean Region during 2019-2022.

Isolated loss of vaccine immunity in the protein losings syndrome in a patient with a reverse one and a half ventricle palliation ("failing Fontan-like physiology").

Background: A subgroup of CHDs can only be treated palliatively through a Fontan circulation. In case of a failing Fontan situation, serum proteins are lost unspecifically and can also lead to a loss of vaccine antibodies. In a failing Fontan situation, heart transplantation may be the only feasible option.

Serosurvey For Measles, Mumps and Rubella in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are at increased risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. The primary objective of the study was to estimate IgG antibody titers against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in children with CKD and healthy controls who were previously immunized with measles/ MMR vaccine.

Methods: This case control study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020.