Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative condition characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function, predominantly affecting older individuals. AD is associated with a range of histopathological alterations, including the gradual demise of neuronal cells, the accumulation of amyloid plaques, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Furthermore, research suggests that the brain tissue of AD patients is subject to oxidative stress, which manifests as the oxidation of proteins, lipids, DNA, and the process of glycoxidation, throughout the disease progression.

Signaling pathway regulators in preimplantation embryos.

Embryonic development during the preimplantation stages is highly sensitive and critically dependent on the reception of signaling cues. The precise coordination of diverse pathways and signaling factors is essential for successful embryonic progression. Even minor disruptions in these factors can result in physiological dysfunction, fetal malformations, or embryonic arrest.

Promising role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in respiratory disorders, a review.

Several studies indicate various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in different disorders. The current review describes the influences of PPARs on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic diseases. Various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were searched regarding the effect of PPARs on respiratory and allergic disorders from 1990 to 2024.

Functional and Structural Improvement of Engineered Cardiac Microtissue Using Aligned Microfilaments Scaffold.

To enhance therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases, the development of more reliable in vitro preclinical systems is imperative. These models, crucial for disease modeling and drug testing, must accurately replicate the 3D architecture of native heart tissue. In this study, we engineered a scaffold with aligned poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) microfilaments to induce cellular alignment in the engineered cardiac microtissue (ECMT).

Novel biomarkers for monitoring and management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Due to current challenges in the early detection, less than 40% of individuals diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are viable candidates for surgical intervention. Therefore, validating and launching of a novel precise diagnostic approach is essential for early diagnosis. Based on developing evidence using circulating tumor cells and their derivatives, circulating miRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), liquid biopsy may offer a reliable platform for the HCC's early diagnosis.

Allogeneic bone marrow derived clonal mesenchymal stromal cells in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study.

Aims: This phase I trial assessed the safety and potential efficacy of monthly 3 dose intravenous infusion of allogeneic bone marrow-derived clonal mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-cMSCs) in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients over 24 weeks.

Patients & Methods: Six patients with refractory RA received BM-cMSC infusions at one-month intervals over a 24-week period. Safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs).

Traumatic brain Injury: Comprehensive overview from pathophysiology to Mesenchymal stem Cell-Based therapies.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disastrous phenomenon which is considered to cause high mortality and morbidity rate. Regarding the importance of TBI due to its prevalence and its effects on the brain and other organs, finding new therapeutic methods and improvement of conventional therapies seems to be vital. TBI involves a complex physiological mechanism, with inflammation being a key component among various contributing factors.

The safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy, representing 75% of cases and posing a substantial public health challenge. Emerging evidence from animal studies indicates that stem cell therapy holds significant promise as a potential treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for DPN in animal studies remains outstanding.

Association between Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque and coronary artery disease: A case-control study.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting tissue surrounding the teeth. The disease is caused by specific bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, which lead to the destruction of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of P.

The cell replacement therapeutic potential of human pluripotent stem cells.

Introduction: The remarkable ability of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to differentiate into specialized cells of the human body emphasizes their immense potential in treating various diseases. Advances in hPSC technology are paving the way for personalized and allogeneic cell-based therapies. The first-in-human studies showed improved treatment of diseases with no adverse effects, which encouraged the industrial production of this type of medicine.

Synthesis and characterization of poly (β-amino ester) polyplex nanocarrier with high encapsulation and uptake efficiency: impact of extracellular conditions.

Background: Poly (β-amino Ester) nanocarriers show promise for gene therapy, but their effectiveness can be limited by the environment within the body. This study aims to understand how common cell culture media components affect optimized PBAE nanocarrier performance in gene delivery.

Methods: Optimized PBAE was synthesized based on Michael addition reaction and characterized by different assays, this study employed techniques like DLS and TEM to characterize PBAE nanocarriers, followed by cellular uptake analysis (flow cytometry and confocal imaging) and evaluation of gene expression under different polymer/DNA ratio ratios and media conditions.

Association Between Maternal Prepregnancy and Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Children's Telomere Length: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Telomeres maintain chromosome stability and mark cellular aging, and their shortening with age compromises genomic stability.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of existing evidence to evaluate the relationship between the maternal pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and children's telomere length (TL).

Data Source: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched from their inception to August 27, 2023, for pertinent observational studies.

Developing a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter Pylori.

Helicobacter pylori, a significant factor in the development of gastric cancer and peptic ulcers, poses challenges for drug development due to its resilience. Computational approaches offer potential solutions for effective vaccine development targeting its antigens while ensuring stability and safety. The four critical antigenic proteins included in this study's innovative vaccine design are neuraminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin (HpaA), catalase (KatA), urease (UreB), and vacuolating toxin (VacA).

Efficacy of 3D-printed chitosan‑cerium oxide dressings coated with vancomycin-loaded alginate for chronic wounds management.

Multifunctional wound dressings with antibacterial and antioxidant properties hold significant promise for treating chronic wounds; however, achieving a balance of these characteristics while maintaining biocompatibility is challenging. To enhance this balance, this study focuses on the design and development of 3D-printed chitosan-matrix composite scaffolds, which are incorporated with varying amounts of cerium oxide nanoparticles (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) and subsequently coated with a vancomycin-loaded alginate layer. The structure, antibiotic drug delivery kinetics, biodegradation, swelling, biocompatibility, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cell migration behaviors of the fabricated dressings were evaluated in-vitro.

A deeper look at long-term effects of COVID-19 on myocardial function in survivors with no prior heart diseases: a GRADE approach systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged global health systems since December 2019, with the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 causing multi-systemic disease, including heart complications. While acute cardiac effects are well-known, long-term implications are understudied. This review hopes to fill a gap in the literature and provide valuable insights into the long-term cardiac consequences of the virus, which can inform future public health policies and clinical practices.

Functional Efficacy of Tissue-Engineered Small-Diameter Nanofibrous Polyurethane Vascular Grafts Surface-Modified by Methacrylated Sulfated Alginate in the Rat Abdominal Aorta.

Improved design to imitate natural vascular scaffolds is critical in vascular tissue engineering (VTE). Smooth muscle cells originating from surrounding tissues require larger pore sizes relative to those of endothelial progenitor cells found in the bloodstream. Furthermore, biofunctionalized scaffolds mimic the microenvironment, cellular function, and tissue morphogenesis.

Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by curcumin: Therapeutic implications in cancer.

By the ubiquitin-proteasomes, cellular proteins are structurally degraded and turnover. Many essential functions and regulations of cells are regulated and controlled by these proteins. Recent studies indicated that many cancer types have been associated with aberrations in the ubiquitination pathway, which involves three enzymatic steps.

A Closer Look at the Avian Influenza Virus H7N9: A Calm before the Storm?

The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, which circulates in wild birds and poultry, has been a major concern for public health since it was first discovered in China in 2013 due to its demonstrated ability to infect humans, causing severe respiratory illness with high mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a total of 1568 human infections with 616 fatal cases caused by novel H7N9 viruses have been reported in China from early 2013 to January 2024. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the virology, evolutionary patterns, and pandemic potential of H7N9.

Generation of iPSC-derived human venous endothelial cells for the modeling of vascular malformations and drug discovery.

Venous malformations (VMs) represent prevalent vascular anomalies typically attributed to non-inherited somatic mutations within venous endothelial cells (VECs). The lack of robust disease models for VMs impedes drug discovery. Here, we devise a robust protocol for the generation of human induced VECs (iVECs) through manipulation of cell-cycle dynamics via the retinoic signaling pathway.

Custom-made Implants for Chronic In Vivo Electrophysiological Recording From Primate's Brain Based on the Reconstructed Skull Model.

Introduction: In vivo neural recordings from primates require the installation of implants on the skull of the animal. Despite some improvements, current routines risk predisposition to infection and failure or impose constant discomfort by placing heaviness on the top of the head.

Methods: A custom-designed imaging adapter was obtained by magnetic resonance and computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the head region.

Degree of sulfation of freeze-dried calcium alginate sulfate scaffolds dramatically influence healing rate of full-thickness diabetic wounds.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic and non-healing wound in all age categories with a high prevalence and mortality in the world. An ideal wound dressing for DFU should possess the ability of adsorbing high contents of exudate and actively promote wound healing. Here, we introduced the calcium alginate sulfate as a new biomaterial appropriate for use in wound dressing to promote the healing of full-thickness ulcers in a diabetic mouse model.