The double-edged sword role of natural Killer cells in Parkinson's disease.

Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide, with Parkinson's disease (PD) emerging as a rapidly growing neurological condition on a global scale. Although treatments exist to alleviate symptoms and maintain patients' quality of life, PD remains incurable. According to some recent studies, natural killer (NK) cells may play a role in clearing alpha-synuclein aggregates, which are the main component of Lewy bodies that cause neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Advances in IgY antibody dosage form design and delivery strategies: Current status and future perspective.

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY), a unique type of antibody found in birds, is attracting increasing attention for a broad range of biomedical applications. Rational IgY protection, dosage form design, and delivery are highly essential to transform functional IgY antibodies into desired IgY products for therapeutic and prophylactic administration. Although progress has been made in this field, it remains in the early stages, highlighting the fundamental research and development needed in this aspect of IgY technology.

Identification of Cell Fate Determining Transcription Factors for Generating Brain Endothelial Cells.

Reliable models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), wherein brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) play a key role in maintenance of barrier function, are essential tools for developing therapeutics and disease modeling. Recent studies explored generating BMEC-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by mimicking brain-microenvironment signals or genetic reprogramming. However, due to the lack of comprehensive transcriptional studies, the exact cellular identity of most of these cells remains poorly defined.

Targeting CD84 protein on myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a novel immunotherapy in solid tumors.

Background And Objective: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a crucial and diverse group of cells found in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitate progression, invasion, and metastasis within solid tumors. CD84, a homophilic adhesion molecule expressed on MDSCs, plays a critical role in their accumulation and function within the TME. This study aims to investigate the protein-protein interactions of CD84 using molecular dynamics simulations and to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting these interactions.

Efficient and reproducible differentiation protocol for pluripotent stem cells into functional endothelial cells: Unveiling the path to vascular regeneration.

Introduction: Endothelial cells (ECs) play a crucial role in many treatments for cardiovascular diseases, such as blood vessel repair, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The process of differentiating these cells is complex and involves various sources and numerous molecular and cellular events. Differentiating pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into endothelial cells are one of the most effective sources for creating ECs in the lab and offers great potential for regenerative medicine.

Comparative effects of various extracellular vesicle subpopulations derived from clonal mesenchymal stromal cells on cultured fibroblasts in wound healing-related process.

Introduction: Non-healing wounds pose significant challenges and require effective therapeutic interventions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising cell-free therapeutic agents in tissue regeneration. However, the functional differences between different subpopulations of EVs in wound healing remain understudied.

Effectiveness of Voytik-Harbin Protocol in Fabrication of Ram's Testicular-Derived Hydrogel and Its Impact on Mouse Spermatogenesis.

Background: The utilization of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from animal testis tissue has demonstrated potential as a component of tissue-specific scaffolds. Current research is mostly centered around dECM as a natural resource for culturing testicular cells. This study aimed to assess firstly the comparison of Voytik-Harbin (VH) and Frytes protocol in creating Ram's dECM testis hydrogel and secondly the evaluation of the best protocol effect on spermatogenesis.

Cell-Based Therapy for Cerebral Palsy: A Puzzle in Progress.

Cell-based therapy has shown promising outcomes in the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP). However, there is no consensus on a standard therapeutic protocol regarding the source of cells, optimal cell dose, timing and frequency of cell injections, route of administration, or the use of combination therapy. This lack of consensus necessitates a comprehensive investigation to clarify these crucial yet undefined factors in cell-based therapy for CP patients.

The Geographical Distribution of Global Biobanks.

This study aimed to comprehensively review the global biobanks to visualize their geographical distribution. The protocol for this review consisted of the following steps: i. Developing a search strategy to identify biobanks from each continent, ii.

c-FLIP/Ku70 complex; A potential molecular target for apoptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide and the most common form of liver cancer. Despite global efforts toward early diagnosis and effective treatments, HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, where conventional therapies frequently lead to resistance and/or high recurrence rates. Therefore, novel biomarkers and promising medications are urgently required.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome and liposome hybrids as transfection nanocarriers of Cas9-GFP plasmid to HEK293T cells.

Exosomes are natural membrane-enclosed nanovesicles (30-150 nm) involved in cell-cell communication. Recently, they have garnered considerable interest as nanocarriers for the controlled transfer of therapeutic agents to cells. Here, exosomes were derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using three different isolation methods.

Heterogeneity in Category Recognition across the Visual Field.

Visual information emerging from the extrafoveal locations is important for visual search, saccadic eye movement control, and spatial attention allocation. Our everyday sensory experience with visual object categories varies across different parts of the visual field which may result in location-contingent variations in visual object recognition. We used a body, animal body, and chair two-forced choice object category recognition task to investigate this possibility.

Effects of exercise intensity and diet on cardiac tissue structure and FGF21/β-Klotho signaling in type 2 diabetic mice: a comparative study of HFD and HFD + STZ induced type 2 diabetes models in mice.

Background: Structural heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is not known to have an effect on exercise training. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart tissue structure, the serum level of FGF21 and the heart tissue level of β-Klotho, an FGF21 coreceptor, in HFD and HFD + STZ-induced diabetic mice.

Methods: Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice were divided into high-fat diet (HFD) and normal chow diet (ND) groups.

Signaling pathway regulators in preimplantation embryos.

Embryonic development during the preimplantation stages is highly sensitive and critically dependent on the reception of signaling cues. The precise coordination of diverse pathways and signaling factors is essential for successful embryonic progression. Even minor disruptions in these factors can result in physiological dysfunction, fetal malformations, or embryonic arrest.

Promising role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in respiratory disorders, a review.

Several studies indicate various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in different disorders. The current review describes the influences of PPARs on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic diseases. Various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were searched regarding the effect of PPARs on respiratory and allergic disorders from 1990 to 2024.

Functional and Structural Improvement of Engineered Cardiac Microtissue Using Aligned Microfilaments Scaffold.

To enhance therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases, the development of more reliable in vitro preclinical systems is imperative. These models, crucial for disease modeling and drug testing, must accurately replicate the 3D architecture of native heart tissue. In this study, we engineered a scaffold with aligned poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) microfilaments to induce cellular alignment in the engineered cardiac microtissue (ECMT).

Novel biomarkers for monitoring and management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Due to current challenges in the early detection, less than 40% of individuals diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are viable candidates for surgical intervention. Therefore, validating and launching of a novel precise diagnostic approach is essential for early diagnosis. Based on developing evidence using circulating tumor cells and their derivatives, circulating miRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), liquid biopsy may offer a reliable platform for the HCC's early diagnosis.

Allogeneic bone marrow derived clonal mesenchymal stromal cells in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study.

Aims: This phase I trial assessed the safety and potential efficacy of monthly 3 dose intravenous infusion of allogeneic bone marrow-derived clonal mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-cMSCs) in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients over 24 weeks.

Patients & Methods: Six patients with refractory RA received BM-cMSC infusions at one-month intervals over a 24-week period. Safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs).

Traumatic brain Injury: Comprehensive overview from pathophysiology to Mesenchymal stem Cell-Based therapies.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disastrous phenomenon which is considered to cause high mortality and morbidity rate. Regarding the importance of TBI due to its prevalence and its effects on the brain and other organs, finding new therapeutic methods and improvement of conventional therapies seems to be vital. TBI involves a complex physiological mechanism, with inflammation being a key component among various contributing factors.

The safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy, representing 75% of cases and posing a substantial public health challenge. Emerging evidence from animal studies indicates that stem cell therapy holds significant promise as a potential treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for DPN in animal studies remains outstanding.

The cell replacement therapeutic potential of human pluripotent stem cells.

Introduction: The remarkable ability of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to differentiate into specialized cells of the human body emphasizes their immense potential in treating various diseases. Advances in hPSC technology are paving the way for personalized and allogeneic cell-based therapies. The first-in-human studies showed improved treatment of diseases with no adverse effects, which encouraged the industrial production of this type of medicine.

Synthesis and characterization of poly (β-amino ester) polyplex nanocarrier with high encapsulation and uptake efficiency: impact of extracellular conditions.

Background: Poly (β-amino Ester) nanocarriers show promise for gene therapy, but their effectiveness can be limited by the environment within the body. This study aims to understand how common cell culture media components affect optimized PBAE nanocarrier performance in gene delivery.

Methods: Optimized PBAE was synthesized based on Michael addition reaction and characterized by different assays, this study employed techniques like DLS and TEM to characterize PBAE nanocarriers, followed by cellular uptake analysis (flow cytometry and confocal imaging) and evaluation of gene expression under different polymer/DNA ratio ratios and media conditions.

Association Between Maternal Prepregnancy and Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Children's Telomere Length: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Telomeres maintain chromosome stability and mark cellular aging, and their shortening with age compromises genomic stability.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of existing evidence to evaluate the relationship between the maternal pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and children's telomere length (TL).

Data Source: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched from their inception to August 27, 2023, for pertinent observational studies.

Developing a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter Pylori.

Helicobacter pylori, a significant factor in the development of gastric cancer and peptic ulcers, poses challenges for drug development due to its resilience. Computational approaches offer potential solutions for effective vaccine development targeting its antigens while ensuring stability and safety. The four critical antigenic proteins included in this study's innovative vaccine design are neuraminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin (HpaA), catalase (KatA), urease (UreB), and vacuolating toxin (VacA).