Continuous frusemide infusion versus intermittent bolus therapy in paediatric intensive care: A single centre retrospective study.

Objective: Frusemide is a common diuretic administered to critically ill children intravenously, by either continuous infusion (CI) or intermittent bolus (IB). We aim to describe the characteristics of children who receive intravenous frusemide, patterns of use, and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and to investigate factors associated with commencing CI.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Exploring the role of splicing in TP53 variant pathogenicity through predictions and minigene assays.

Background: TP53 variant classification benefits from the availability of large-scale functional data for missense variants generated using cDNA-based assays. However, absence of comprehensive splicing assay data for TP53 confounds the classification of the subset of predicted missense and synonymous variants that are also predicted to alter splicing. Our study aimed to generate and apply splicing assay data for a prioritised group of 59 TP53 predicted missense or synonymous variants that are also predicted to affect splicing by either SpliceAI or MaxEntScan.

Comparing Patient-Specific Variations in Intra-Cochlear Neural Health Estimated Using Psychophysical Thresholds and Panoramic Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potentials (PECAPs).

Purpose: Variations in neural survival along the cochlear implant electrode array leads to off-place listening, resulting in poorer speech understanding outcomes for recipients. Therefore, it is important to develop and compare clinically viable tests to identify these patient-specific intra-cochlear neural differences.

Methods: Nineteen experienced cochlear implant recipients (9 males and 10 females) were recruited for this study.

Challenges with cancer pain management: novel opioid shortages and cancer trials restrictions.

Patients with advanced cancer often experience bothersome symptoms requiring specialist palliative care input. Oncology clinical trials commonly include a list of prohibited medications while on trial, to avoid potential drug interactions with the investigational product. This case series illustrates how recent opioid shortages combined with prohibited opioids in clinical trials significantly impacted cancer pain control and quality of life.

Lack of correlation between school reopening and trends in adult COVID-19 hospitalisations and death rates during the Delta and early Omicron periods: an ecological analysis of five countries.

Objectives: In this ecological study, we describe SARS-CoV-2 case incidence for school age and adult populations, COVID-19 hospitalisation and death rates during Delta and the early Omicron periods, before and after schools reopened in five countries.

Methods: Data were extracted from government websites. Cases and COVID-19 hospitalisation and death incidence rates were calculated during the Delta and early Omicron periods in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland and the United Kingdom, for two weeks preceding and six weeks after schools reopened.

Measurable residual disease and posttransplantation gilteritinib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated AML.

BMT CTN 1506 ("MORPHO"; NCT02997202) was a randomized phase 3 study of gilteritinib compared to placebo as maintenance therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key secondary endpoint was to determine the impact on survival of pre- and/or post-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD), as determined using a highly sensitive assay for FLT3-ITD mutations. Generally, gilteritinib maintenance therapy was associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) for participants with detectable peri-HCT MRD, whereas no benefit was evident for those lacking detectable MRD.

Inferring effects of mutations on SARS-CoV-2 transmission from genomic surveillance data.

New and more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2 have arisen multiple times over the course of the pandemic. Rapidly identifying mutations that affect transmission could improve our understanding of viral biology and highlight new variants that warrant further study. Here we develop a generic, analytical epidemiological model to infer the transmission effects of mutations from genomic surveillance data.

Global Challenges in the Access of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (Global MT Access).

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for eligible acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) since 2015.

Aim: Our aim was to determine the key challenges for MT implementation and access worldwide.

Methods: We conducted an international online survey consisting of 37 questions, distributed through the World Stroke Organization network, and as invited by co-authors between December 2022 and March 2023.

Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Antiseizure Medications and Their Indications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Aside from congenital malformations and impaired postnatal neurodevelopment, risks associated with antiseizure medication (ASM) use during pregnancy have been sparsely investigated, particularly outside of epilepsy. We aimed to assess these risks through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, including ASM exposure for indication.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane for studies including pregnant women on ASMs for any indication and untreated pregnant women, investigating obstetric complications and fetal/neonatal complications other than congenital malformations and impaired neurodevelopment.

Findings from a Project Which Established Hepatitis C Point-of-Care Testing and Linkage to Care at a Homelessness Service in Adelaide, Australia, 2021-2022.

Background: Point-of-care hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing streamlines testing and treatment pathways. In this study, we established an HCV model of care in a homelessness service by offering antibody and RNA point-of-care testing.

Methods: A nurse and peer-led HCV model of care with peer support were implemented between November 2021 and April 2022 at a homelessness service in Adelaide, Australia.

TRAPPopathies: Severe Multisystem Disorders Caused by Variants in Genes of the Transport Protein Particle (TRAPP) Complexes.

The TRAPP (TRAnsport Protein Particle) protein complex is a multi-subunit complex involved in vesicular transport between intracellular compartments. The TRAPP complex plays an important role in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi and Golgi-to-plasma membrane transport, as well as autophagy. TRAPP complexes comprise a core complex, TRAPPI, and the association of peripheral protein subunits to make two complexes, known as TRAPPII and TRAPPIII, which act as Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) of Rab11 and Rab1, respectively.

Future of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis-A Narrative Review.

While corticosteroids have led to significant reduction in ASUC mortality over the last few decades, they are associated with significant side effects and up to 30% of patients have steroid refractory ASUC, which means we require safer and better therapies for patients with ASUC. Several salvage therapies have been proposed in guidelines; however, we lack high quality head-to-head randomised controlled trials to assess effectiveness and safety of these agents. Furthermore, the role of newer novel agents in ASUC management is unclear.

Stereotactic Body Therapy for Urologic Cancers-What the Urologist Needs to Know.

Background: stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is a disruptive radiation therapy technique which is increasingly used for the treatment of urologic cancers. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview on the current landscape of SABR in urologic cancers and highlight advancements on the horizon.

Methods: a narrative review of the contemporary role of SABR in urologic cancers is conducted.

Long-Term Results After Salter Innominate Osteotomy for the Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip-Only 8% Rate of Total Hip Arthroplasty at a Median Follow-Up of 22 Years.

Background/objectives: The redirection or reshaping of the acetabulum might be warranted to attain a concentric and stable hip in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of this study is to assess the late clinical and radiological results, and to determine the number of patients requiring secondary surgery or a total hip arthroplasty at a long-term follow-up.

Methods: Our institution performed 99 Salter osteotomies on 76 patients without underlying neuromuscular conditions over a 21-year period, from 1981 to 2002.

Promoting Healthy Aging for Older People Living with Chronic Disease by Implementing Community Health Programs: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study.

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases could be mitigated by expanding community programs. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of delivering a community wellness program for older adults living with chronic disease. A two-group randomized controlled study, with blinded assessments, enrolling adults (≥50 years) with chronic disease, was conducted at a Western Australian community hub.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Antibiotic Use in Food-Producing Animals Among University Students in Seven Cities in Southern and Central China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The misuse of antibiotics in both humans and food-producing animals poses significant risks to human health and contributes to the rise of antibiotic resistance. Raising public awareness is crucial to managing antibiotic resistance, particularly among university students, as they represent a future force in tackling this global issue. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to May 2024 in seven cities in Southern and Central China to assess university students' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding antibiotic use in humans and food-producing animals.

Assessing the Theoretical Efficacy of Combination Therapy Against Gram-Negative Infections in Neutropenic Pediatric Cancer Patients: Insights from the Statistical Analysis of Survey Data.

: Empirical antibacterial therapy for febrile neutropenia reduces mortality due to Gram-negative blood stream infections (BSIs). Pediatric guidelines recommend monotherapy with an antipseudomonal beta-lactam or a carbapenem and to add a second anti-Gram-negative agent in selected situations. We evaluated the changes in the proportions of resistance of beta-lactam monotherapies vs.

COCHLEA: Longitudinal Cognitive Performance of Older Adults with Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants at 4.5-Year Follow-Up.

Objectives: Hearing loss is highly prevalent in older adults and is independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Cochlear implants are usually the only effective treatment for people with severe-profound hearing loss, who have the highest risk of cognitive decline and dementia, however, very few receive them. Current evidence of the effects of cochlear implant use on cognitive decline/dementia outcomes is limited and unclear.

Interleukin-6 Modulation in Ovarian Cancer Necessitates a Targeted Strategy: From the Approved to Emerging Therapies.

Despite significant advances in treatments, ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most prevalent and lethal gynecological cancers in women. The frequent detection at the advanced stages has contributed to low survival rates, resistance to various treatments, and disease recurrence. Thus, a more effective approach is warranted to combat OC.

Reduced Breast and Ovarian Cancer Through Targeted Genetic Testing: Estimates Using the NEEMO Microsimulation Model.

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer largely rely on the identification and clinical management of individuals with a pathogenic variant prior to developing cancer. Simulation modelling is commonly utilised to evaluate genetic testing strategies due to its ability to synthesise collections of data and extrapolate over long time periods and large populations. Existing genetic testing simulation models use simplifying assumptions for predictive genetic testing and risk management uptake, which could impact the reliability of their estimates.

Characteristics of older patients undergoing surgery in the UK: SNAP-3, a snapshot observational study.

Background: Frailty and multimorbidity are common in older adults, but the prevalence and interaction of these conditions in surgical patients remain unclear. This study describes the clinical characteristics of a heterogeneous cohort of older UK surgical patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study during 5 days in March 2022, aiming to recruit all UK patients aged 60 yr and older undergoing surgery, excluding minor procedures (e.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the treatment of hypernatremia in adult hospitalized patients: impact on mortality, morbidity, and treatment-related side effects.

Background: Hypernatremia is relatively common in acutely ill patients and associated with mortality. Guidelines recommend a slow rate of correction (≤ 0.5 mmol/L per hour).