Engaging rural communities in Bangladesh to tackle antimicrobial resistance through the Community Dialogue Approach: a process evaluation protocol for COSTAR project in Cumilla, Bangladesh.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem and is especially threatening for low-and-middle income countries like Bangladesh. The COSTAR (Community-led Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance) project includes a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Community Dialog Approach (CDA) to improve levels of correct and appropriate knowledge and reported practice about antibiotics, antibiotic use, and antibiotic resistance (ABR) from a One Health perspective, among adult community members in 5 selected sub-districts of Cumilla. The CDA is a community engagement approach involving community members in active discussions also known as Community Dialogs (CD), run by local facilitators.

Hybrid dark-field and attenuation contrast retrieval for laboratory-based X-ray tomography.

X-ray dark-field imaging highlights sample structures through contrast generated by sub-resolution features within the inspected volume. Quantifying dark-field signals generally involves multiple exposures for phase retrieval, separating contributions from scattering, refraction, and attenuation. Here, we introduce an approach for non-interferometric X-ray dark-field imaging that presents a single-parameter representation of the sample.

Engendered nanoparticles for treatment of brain tumors.

Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors. Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis. One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.

A new diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis in pregnancy treated with a combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate.

This primigravid pregnant woman had a new diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) that was treated with a combination of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and bezafibrate. Pregnancy may unmask underlying chronic hepatic disorders in susceptible women and, in some cases, the associated abnormalities of liver function or increased serum bile acids (hypercholanaemia) can result in significant fetal and maternal risk. Maternal pruritus, with associated sleep deprivation, may cause considerable distress.

Jets Downstream of Collisionless Shocks: Recent Discoveries and Challenges.

Plasma flows with enhanced dynamic pressure, known as magnetosheath jets, are often found downstream of collisionless shocks. As they propagate through the magnetosheath, they interact with the surrounding plasma, shaping its properties, and potentially becoming geoeffective upon reaching the magnetopause. In recent years (since 2016), new research has produced vital results that have significantly enhanced our understanding on many aspects of jets.

Chlorine Dioxide Dry Gas: A Promising Solution for Effective Decontamination of Cephalosporin Compounds.

Introduction: Cephalosporins can trigger hypersensitivity reactions in certain individuals. Consequently, strict regulations restrict the production of non-beta-lactam substances during or after cephalosporin manufacturing. Dry chlorine dioxide gas (dClO), together with ultra-performance liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection methods, has emerged as a promising method for decontaminating cephalosporin compounds.

Mr Bates and the post office: The implications of the UK post office scandal for the taxonomy of trauma.

Objective: To explore the psychopathology of the victims of the UK Post Office scandal and the extent to which this can be adequately described by current classification of traumatic stress symptoms.

Design: Standard clinical interviews for the purposes of preparing medico-legal reports.

Setting: Face to face and virtual interviews.

Prevalence and Clinical Features of Uterine Isthmocele Following Cesarean Sections: An Observational Study at Rabia Balkhi Hospital in Afghanistan.

Background Uterine isthmocele, a defect in the uterine wall at the cesarean scar, is increasingly recognized due to the rising rate of cesarean deliveries. Often asymptomatic, it may lead to complications such as abnormal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, secondary infertility, or uterine rupture during subsequent pregnancies. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical features, and associated risk factors of uterine isthmocele among women with previous cesarean scars over four years (2019-2023) at Rabia Balkhi Hospital, Afghanistan.

Post-infectious Inflammatory Motor-Predominant Neuropathy Following Mycoplasma Infection.

We present a case of a 37-year-old gentleman diagnosed with post-infectious Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) secondary to a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. This case highlights the subclinical presentation of neurological symptoms, often overlooked as a complication of M. pneumoniae infection.

Deepening the participation of neurodivergent youth in qualitative mental health research: Co-development of a general approach and the evaluation of its implementation in a study on emotion.

Background: There is a growing expectation that neurodivergent young people, such as those with diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism, should play a central role in shaping research on neurodevelopmental conditions. However, currently, their involvement is typically limited to arms-length advice. To address this, the (RE-STAR) programme has co-developed a framework for deepening the involvement of neurodivergent participants in translational research.

Efficacy and safety of low-dose tolvaptan (7.5mg) in the treatment of inpatient hyponatraemia: a retrospective study.

Objectives: The recommended dose of tolvaptan for hyponatraemia secondary to SIADH is 15mg. We evaluated the efficacy of an initial 7.5mg dose and determined the frequency where sodium (Na+) correction exceeded safe limits, defined as an increment of ≥10 mmol/L, within the initial 8 or 24 hours of administration.

Comprehension of acoustically degraded emotional prosody in Alzheimer's disease and primary progressive aphasia.

Previous research suggests that emotional prosody perception is impaired in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). However, no previous research has investigated emotional prosody perception in these diseases under non-ideal listening conditions. We recruited 18 patients with AD, and 31 with PPA (nine logopenic (lvPPA); 11 nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA) and 11 semantic (svPPA)), together with 24 healthy age-matched individuals.

Approach to investigation and management of proteinuria in pregnancy.

Pregnancy leads to significant changes in renal physiology which results in increased in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and enhanced protein excretion. These changes may continue in the postnatal period and might be observed for five to six months after birth. Once confirmed, proteinuria warrants investigation and close surveillance.

Hyponatremia incidence after subarachnoid hemorrhage and association with outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Hyponatremia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is common, however the incidence, and association with vasospasm, morbidity, and mortality, has yet to be defined. We aimed to identify incidence of hyponatremia after aSAH, and quantify its association with measurable outcomes.

Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted (PROSPERO ID CRD42022363472).

Outliers of Treatment Frequency in Retinal Vein Occlusion: 24-Month Comparative Analysis of Fight Retinal Blindness! Practitioners.

Background: We aimed to describe a 2-year outcome of eyes managed by practitioners benchmarked using a funnel plot by their frequency of treatment using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for naive retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: A multicentre, international, observational study of 29 doctors in 12 countries managing 1110 eyes with RVO commencing VEGF inhibitors between 1 January 2012-2022 tracked in the Fight Retinal Blindness! registry.

Results: We identified 3 outlying 'intensive' practitioners (managing 350/1110 eyes [32%]), 22 'typical' practitioners (604/1110, [54%]) and 4 outlying 'relaxed' practitioners (156/1110, [14%]) with respective 24-month outcomes in Branch and Central RVO including the primary outcome, mean adjusted change in visual acuity (VA) in BRVO: +16.

Impact of Race on the Outcomes of Retinoblastoma Treated With Primary Enucleation: A Global Study of 1426 Patients.

Background: To evaluate the clinical presentation, pathological features and outcomes of retinoblastoma based on the race of origin in a global cohort of patients.

Methods: Retrospective collaborative study of 1426 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma.

Results: Patients were grouped into Caucasians (n = 231, 16%), Asians (n = 841, 59%), Hispanics (n = 226, 16%), Arabs (n = 96, 7%) and Others (Africans, African Americans, Indigenous Australians; n = 32, 2%) cohorts.

The Burden of Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the United Kingdom: Results From a National Snapshot Study.

Background: To investigate the management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) and describe survival outcomes.

Methods: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a retrospective national observational cohort was conducted. All patients with rHNSCC who received a definitive treatment decision between September 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were included.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in children: evaluating the importance of diagnosis and follow-up during childhood.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder predominantly caused by pathogenic COL3A1 variants. Characteristic arterial and intestinal fragility and generalised severe tissue friability can lead to clinical events from childhood. We highlight a paucity of literature regarding children diagnosed with vEDS, possibly explained by a restraint in predictive testing, and present data on 63 individuals (23 index cases) with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of vEDS in childhood (<18 years) to address this.

The diagnostic value of prolactin adjustment in bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling for differentiating Cushing's disease from the ectopic ACTH syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome can arise from a pituitary tumour (Cushing's disease) or an ectopic ACTH-secreting tumour, making precise differentiation essential for effective treatment. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is the gold standard for this differentiation, but false-negative results can limit its accuracy. Adding prolactin (PRL) measurement to BIPSS has been proposed to improve diagnostic precision.

Analysis of plasmon modes in BiSe/graphene heterostructures via electron energy loss spectroscopy.

Topological Insulators (TIs) are promising platforms for Quantum Technology due to their topologically protected surface states (TSS). Plasmonic excitations in TIs are especially interesting both as a method of characterisation for TI heterostructures, and as potential routes to couple optical and spin signals in low-loss devices. Since the electrical properties of the TI surface are critical, tuning TI surfaces is a vital step in developing TI structures that can be applied in real world plasmonic devices.

Reptile and Amphibian Gastroenterology.

Reptile and amphibian veterinarians are frequently presented with patients exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Understanding the normal structure and function of the GI tract is essential to aid appropriate diagnosis. This article will concentrate on the approach to a patient with GI signs and the problems affecting the GI tract from the esophagus to the colon.

Improving outcomes for very preterm babies in England: does place of birth matter? Findings from OPTI-PREM, a national cohort study.

Objective: Babies born between 27 and 31 weeks of gestation contribute substantially towards infant mortality and morbidity. In England, their care is delivered in maternity services colocated with highly specialised neonatal intensive care units (NICU) or less specialised local neonatal units (LNU). We investigated whether birth setting offered survival and/or morbidity advantages to inform National Health Service delivery.

Efficacy and Safety of Cardiac Myosin Inhibitors in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disorder characterized by structural and functional abnormalities. Current management strategies, such as medications and septal reduction therapies, have significant limitations and risks. Recently, cardiac myosin inhibitors (CMIs) like mavacamten and aficamten have shown promise as noninvasive treatment options.

A stratified treatment algorithm in psychiatry: a program on stratified pharmacogenomics in severe mental illness (Psych-STRATA): concept, objectives and methodologies of a multidisciplinary project funded by Horizon Europe.

Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BD) and major depression disorder (MDD) are severe psychiatric disorders that are challenging to treat, often leading to treatment resistance (TR). It is crucial to develop effective methods to identify and treat patients at risk of TR at an early stage in a personalized manner, considering their biological basis, their clinical and psychosocial characteristics. Effective translation of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice is essential for achieving this goal.