Correction: The influence of bicarbonate concentration and ionic strength on peroxide speciation and overall reactivity towards UO.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA02281E.].

The influence of bicarbonate concentration and ionic strength on peroxide speciation and overall reactivity towards UO.

HO produced from water radiolysis is expected to play a significant role in radiation induced oxidative dissolution of spent nuclear fuel under the anoxic conditions of a deep geological repository if the safety-barriers fail and ground water reaches the fuel. It was recently found that the coordination chemistry between U(vi), HCO and HO can significantly suppress HO induced dissolution of UO in 10 mM bicarbonate. This was attributed to the much lower reactivity of the U(vi)O-coordinated O as compared to free HO.

Treatment of carbon electrodes with TiCT MXene coating and thermal method for vanadium redox flow batteries: a comparative study.

One of the significant challenges of vanadium redox flow batteries is connected to the negative electrode where the main reaction of V(ii)/V(iii) and the side reaction of hydrogen evolution compete. To address this issue, we used titanium carbide (TiCT) MXene coating drop-casting to introduce oxygen functional groups and metals on the carbon electrode surface. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the even distribution of TiCT MXene on the electrodes and the presence of titanium and termination groups (-O, -Cl, and -F).

Proteome profiling of home-sampled dried blood spots reveals proteins of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Background: Self-sampling of dried blood spots (DBS) offers new routes to gather valuable health-related information from the general population. Yet, the utility of using deep proteome profiling from home-sampled DBS to obtain clinically relevant insights about SARS-CoV-2 infections remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Our study involved 228 individuals from the general Swedish population who used a volumetric DBS sampling device and completed questionnaires at home during spring 2020 and summer 2021.

One-pot synthesis of an NS-ligand co-doped metal-organic framework for the enhanced adsorption-assisted photocatalytic decontamination of metronidazole.

Doping active agents into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is widely sought after owing to its potential to enhance adsorption and photocatalytic efficiency, surpassing the potential of bare frameworks. This study incorporated a catalytically active NS-ligand (1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one) into a very stable and porous PCN-600 MOF an synthesis approach. The NS-ligand, which matched with the host ligands of PCN-600, enabled the highly efficient synthesis of NS-co-doped MOFs.

Tunable Fungal Monofilaments from Food Waste for Textile Applications.

A fungal biorefinery is presented to valorize food waste to fungal monofilaments with tunable properties for different textile applications. is successfully grown on bread waste and the fibrous cell wall is isolated. A spinnable hydrogel is produced from cell wall by protonation of amino groups of chitosan followed by homogenization and concentration.

Unclear relationships between mean survival rate and its environmental variance in vertebrates.

Current environmental changes may increase temporal variability of life history traits of species thus affecting their long-term population growth rate and extinction risk. If there is a general relationship between environmental variances (EVs) and mean annual survival rates of species, that relationship could be used as a guideline for analyses of population growth and extinction risk for populations, where data on EVs are missing. For this purpose, we present a comprehensive compilation of 252 EV estimates from 89 species belonging to five vertebrate taxa (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish) covering mean annual survival rates from 0.

Shaping high-performance wearable robots for human motor and sensory reconstruction and enhancement.

Most wearable robots such as exoskeletons and prostheses can operate with dexterity, while wearers do not perceive them as part of their bodies. In this perspective, we contend that integrating environmental, physiological, and physical information through multi-modal fusion, incorporating human-in-the-loop control, utilizing neuromuscular interface, employing flexible electronics, and acquiring and processing human-robot information with biomechatronic chips, should all be leveraged towards building the next generation of wearable robots. These technologies could improve the embodiment of wearable robots.

First experimental evaluation of a high-resolution deep silicon photon-counting sensor.

Purpose: Current photon-counting computed tomography detectors are limited to a pixel size of around 0.3 to 0.5 mm due to excessive charge sharing degrading the dose efficiency and energy resolution as the pixels become smaller.

A hybrid dependency-based approach for Urdu sentiment analysis.

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a significant platform, generating a vast amount of raw data daily. This data reflects the opinions of individuals from diverse backgrounds, races, cultures, and age groups, spanning a wide range of topics. Businesses can leverage this data to extract valuable insights, improve their services, and effectively reach a broader audience based on users' expressed opinions on social media platforms.

Application of biodegradable cholinium ionic liquids for the extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from honey.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a Maillard reaction product, can be formed when honey is subjected to heat treatment or a long storage time, becoming volatile and toxic depending on its concentration. The fact that, until today, there is no literature data on the extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from honey using ionic liquids directed the investigation of the influence of biodegradable cholinium ionic liquids on the formation of aqueous biphasic systems and the application of these systems for the extraction of HMF from honey. The influence of anions of synthesised ionic liquids on the construction of biphasic systems in which an inorganic salt was used as a salting agent was investigated.

Development and characterization of a recombinant silk network for 3D culture of immortalized and fresh tumor-derived breast cancer cells.

Traditional cancer models rely on 2D cell cultures or 3D spheroids, which fail to recapitulate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, a key element of tumor development. Existing hydrogel-based 3D alternatives lack mechanical support for cell growth and often suffer from low reproducibility. Here we report a novel strategy to make 3D models of breast cancer using a tissue-like, well-defined network environment based on recombinant spider silk, functionalized with a cell adhesion motif from fibronectin (FN-silk).

Role of interneuron subtypes in controlling trial-by-trial output variability in the neocortex.

Trial-by-trial variability is a ubiquitous property of neuronal activity in vivo which shapes the stimulus response. Computational models have revealed how local network structure and feedforward inputs shape the trial-by-trial variability. However, the role of input statistics and different interneuron subtypes in this process is less understood.

Exploring the impact of exercise and essential amino acid plus cholecalciferol supplementation on physical fitness and body composition in multiple sclerosis: A case study.

Key Clinical Message: In MS patients, especially those frail or malnourished, combining home-based exercise twice weekly with essential amino acids and vitamin D may improve body composition, strength, and physical performance, enabling long-term functional improvements.

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with reduced bone and muscle strength and function. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 24-week intervention in a 57-year-old frail female with MS.

The impact of xylan on the biosynthesis and structure of extracellular lignin produced by a Norway spruce tissue culture.

In order to develop more economic uses of lignin, greater knowledge regarding its native structure is required. This can inform the development of optimized extraction methods that preserve desired structural properties. Current extraction methods alter the polymeric structure of lignin, leading to a loss of valuable structural groups or the formation of new non-native ones.

Infectious Disease Sensitivity to Climate and Other Driver-Pressure Changes: Research Effort and Gaps for Lyme Disease and Cryptosporidiosis.

Climate sensitivity of infectious diseases is discussed in many studies. A quantitative basis for distinguishing and predicting the disease impacts of climate and other environmental and anthropogenic driver-pressure changes, however, is often lacking. To assess research effort and identify possible key gaps that can guide further research, we here apply a scoping review approach to two widespread infectious diseases: Lyme disease (LD) as a vector-borne and cryptosporidiosis as a water-borne disease.

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the half-line with homogeneous Robin boundary conditions.

We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the half-line with a Robin boundary condition at and with initial data in the weighted Sobolev space . We prove that there exists a global weak solution of this initial-boundary value problem and provide a representation for the solution in terms of the solution of a Riemann-Hilbert problem. Using this representation, we obtain asymptotic formulas for the long-time behavior of the solution.

Does the science criterion rest on thin ice?

This paper explores whether a central plank of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) - the science criterion - is threatened by anthropogenic climate change. It begins by situating the origins of the ATS within the context of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and the privileged position that science obtained within first the IGY and later the ATS. This extends to science functioning as the dominant currency through which states may ascend to the level of consultative parties (CPs), the highest level of authority within the ATS.

B cell expansion hinders the stroma-epithelium regenerative cross talk during mucosal healing.

Therapeutic promotion of intestinal regeneration holds great promise, but defining the cellular mechanisms that influence tissue regeneration remains an unmet challenge. To gain insight into the process of mucosal healing, we longitudinally examined the immune cell composition during intestinal damage and regeneration. B cells were the dominant cell type in the healing colon, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed expansion of an IFN-induced B cell subset during experimental mucosal healing that predominantly located in damaged areas and associated with colitis severity.

Magnetic Field Annihilation in a Magnetotail Electron Diffusion Region With Electron-Scale Magnetic Island.

We present observations in Earth's magnetotail by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft that are consistent with magnetic field annihilation, rather than magnetic topology change, causing fast magnetic-to-electron energy conversion in an electron-scale current sheet. Multi-spacecraft analysis for the magnetic field reconstruction shows that an electron-scale magnetic island was embedded in the observed electron diffusion region (EDR), suggesting an elongated shape of the EDR. Evidence for the annihilation was revealed in the form of the island growing at a rate much lower than expected for the standard X-type geometry of the EDR, which indicates that magnetic flux injected into the EDR was not ejected from the X-point or accumulated in the island, but was dissipated in the EDR.

Distinguishing Direct Human-Driven Effects on the Global Terrestrial Water Cycle.

Population growth is increasing the pressure on water resource availability. For useful assessment and planning for societal water availability impacts, it is imperative to disentangle the direct influences of human activities in the landscape from external climate-driven influences on water flows and their variation and change. In this study we used the water balance model, a gridded global hydrological model, to quantify and distinguish human-driven change components, modified by interventions such as dams, reservoirs, and water withdrawals for irrigation, industry, and households, from climate-driven change components on four key water balance variables in the terrestrial hydrological system (evapotranspiration, runoff, soil moisture, storage change).

Pre-exascale HPC approaches for molecular dynamics simulations. Covid-19 research: A use case.

Exascale computing has been a dream for ages and is close to becoming a reality that will impact how molecular simulations are being performed, as well as the quantity and quality of the information derived for them. We review how the biomolecular simulations field is anticipating these new architectures, making emphasis on recent work from groups in the BioExcel Center of Excellence for High Performance Computing. We exemplified the power of these simulation strategies with the work done by the HPC simulation community to fight Covid-19 pandemics.

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation improved by pyridine -oxide as a mimic of tyrosine-Z in photosystem II.

Artificial photosynthesis provides a way to store solar energy in chemical bonds with water oxidation as a major challenge for creating highly efficient and robust photoanodes that mimic photosystem II. We report here an easily available pyridine -oxide (PNO) derivative as an efficient electron transfer relay between an organic light absorber and molecular water oxidation catalyst on a nanoparticle TiO photoanode. Spectroscopic and kinetic studies revealed that the PNO/PNO˙ couple closely mimics the redox behavior of the tyrosine/tyrosyl radical pair in PSII in improving light-driven charge separation multi-step electron transfer.

Proteomics in thrombosis research.

A State of the Art lecture titled "Proteomics in Thrombosis Research" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2021. In clinical practice, there is a need for improved plasma biomarker-based tools for diagnosis and risk prediction of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Analysis of blood, to identify plasma proteins with potential utility for such tools, could enable an individualized approach to treatment and prevention.

Structural characterisation of amyloid-like fibrils formed by an amyloidogenic peptide segment of β-lactoglobulin.

Protein nanofibrils (PNFs) represent a promising class of biobased nanomaterials for biomedical and materials science applications. In the design of such materials, a fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship at both molecular and nanoscale levels is essential. Here we report investigations of the nanoscale morphology and molecular arrangement of amyloid-like PNFs of a synthetic peptide fragment consisting of residues 11-20 of the protein β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), an important model system for PNF materials.