375 results match your criteria: "Royal Free and University College London Medical School[Affiliation]"

Obsessive compulsive behaviour and depressive symptoms in young people with Tourette syndrome. A controlled study.

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

December 2002

Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, 2nd Floor, Wolfson Building, 48 Riding House Street, London W1N 8AA, UK.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterised by multiple motor and one or more vocal tics. There have been no controlled studies using standardised instruments of depressive symptoms and obsessive compulsive symptomatology (OCS) in young people with TS. We completed a study of phenomenology and psychopathology in children with TS, including a controlled evaluation of the association between depressive symptoms, OCS, and TS.

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Use of a needleless injection system for digital ring block anesthesia.

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc

March 2003

The Academic Vascular Unit, Department of Surgery, The Royal Free and University College London Medical School, The Middlesex Hospital, London, England.

Digital ring block anesthesia, which is frequently used before surgery for ingrown toenails, is often extremely uncomfortable for patients and can be the most distressing aspect of the procedure. The authors used a novel needleless injection device to induce digital anesthesia before surgery and compared it in terms of patient discomfort and preference with use of a standard needle and syringe for injection in individuals undergoing simultaneous bilateral nail procedures. Use of the needleless device significantly reduced the pain associated with this procedure and was preferred over use of a standard needle and syringe by all individuals.

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Primary varicose veins: the sapheno-femoral junction, distribution of varicosities and patterns of incompetence.

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg

January 2003

The Academic Vascular Unit Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, The Middlesex Hospital, London W1N 8AA, UK.

Objective: to determine the patterns of long saphenous vein (LSV) disease in primary varicose veins (VVs).

Design: a retrospective analysis of venous duplex scans performed on patients referred for treatment of primary VVs.

Methods: analysis was made of sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) incompetence, non-SFJ incompetence, segmental and perforating vein incompetence, distribution of varicosities, deep venous insufficiency, and short saphenous incompetence.

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Objective: To assess the value of ultrasonography and Doppler imaging in characterizing the intervillous circulation in normal and abnormal early pregnancy.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary care academic hospital.

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Onset of the maternal-placental circulation was studied by Doppler ultrasonography in 65 pairs of age-matched normal and abnormal pregnancies. In normal pregnancies intervillous blood flow increased with gestational age, being detected in 9 of 25 cases at 8 to 9 weeks but in 18 of 20 at 12 to 13 weeks (P = 0.001).

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Current perspectives in cancer proteomics.

Mol Biotechnol

October 2002

Breast Cancer Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Institute of Surgical Studies, UK.

Proteome technology has been used widely in cancer research and is a useful tool for the identification of new cancer markers and treatment-related changes in cancer. This article details the use of proteome technology in cancer research, and laboratory-based and clinical cancer research studies are described. New developments in proteome technology that enable higher sample-throughput are evaluated and methods for enhancing conventional proteome analysis (based on two-dimensional electrophoresis) discussed.

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Patients with type 1 diabetes have greatly increased phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity and have an altered HDL subclass distribution. In 195 patients with type 1 diabetes and in 194 men and women aged 30-55 years, we examined the relationship of PLTP activity to HDL and examined whether PLTP activity contributes to differences in HDL found in type 1 diabetes. PLTP activity was measured using an exogenous substrate assay.

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A structured approach for the investigation of clinical incidents in health care: application in a general practice setting.

Br J Gen Pract

October 2002

Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Archway Resource Centre.

The NHS has made patent safety a national priority. A particular challenge is to ensure that lessons are learned from clinical incidents and that individuals and agencies take corrective action. A structured approach for the investigation of clinical incidents in health care is introduced and an example of its application in a general practice setting is presented The framework was originally developed for the investigation and analysis of incidents in hospitals, but the approach could also find application in general practice.

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Aims/hypothesis: Our aim was to examine the change in the management of hypertension in patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Europe, between 1989-1990 and 1997-1999.

Methods: Seven-year changes in hypertension treatment and control (defined as blood pressure <130/85 mmHg) were examined in a large sample of Type I diabetic patients recruited from 26 centres involved in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Hypertension was defined as a systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than 140 and/or 90 mmHg respectively, and/or use of blood pressure lowering drugs.

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The time course of adenosine release in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) during acute systemic hypoxia was investigated in the anaesthetised rat by means of amperometric enzymatic sensors. It was found that acute hypoxia induced a significant delayed increase in adenosine level (reaching levels as high as 5 microM) in the NTS and that hypoxia-induced release of adenosine was similar at various regions of the NTS along its rostro-caudal axis. Significantly smaller or no increases in adenosine levels at all in response to hypoxia were observed in the VLM.

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Objective: In 196 type 1 diabetic subjects and 195 nondiabetic subjects aged 30-55 years, we examined whether C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated in diabetes and whether CRP is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Research Design And Methods: CRP was measured with a highly sensitive immunoassay. CAC was measured using electron beam computed tomography.

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The first part of this article appeared in the last issue of the 'International History of Nursing Journal' (pages 12-22). The second deals with the advisability of incorporating training for male nurses at the 'Dreadnought' Hospital. The important issues of pay and a pension scheme for nurses in the latter years of the 19th century are also addressed.

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Clinical trial of the neuroprotectant clomethiazole in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Anesthesiology

September 2002

Health Psychology Unit, Academic Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, United Kingdom.

Background: The neuroprotective property of clomethiazole has been demonstrated in several animal models of global and focal brain ischemia. In this study the authors investigated the effect of clomethiazole on cerebral outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

Methods: Two hundred forty-five patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery were recruited at two centers and prospectively randomized to clomethiazole edisilate (0.

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Background: In the closing decades of the twentieth century, changes in population sociodemographics took place that might be thought to have an adverse influence on the nation's psychological distress. Here, we examine the stability of social and gender inequalities in psychological distress throughout the 1980s and 1990s.

Methods: The study uses data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study collected when the cohort members were aged between 23 and 42.

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Aim: To evaluate the contribution of the 46C>T polymorphism of the Factor XII (FXII) gene to risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS) of men with high cholesterol.

Background: WOSCOPS is a primary prevention trial that demonstrated the effectiveness of pravastatin in reducing morbidity and mortality from CHD. FXII is a protein of the contact system that plays a key role in both coagulation and fibrinolysis.

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The paper examines the hypothesis that social inequalities in children's developmental resources level off during adolescence against an alternative hypothesis that they continue to exert their influence throughout all of childhood. Using data from the National Child Development Study, the study applies two models. Both are premised on the understanding that the social and physical environments in which children are raised affects their resources in the domains of educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment.

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Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs), the anchor molecules of some membrane proteins of Plasmodium species, have been implicated in the induction of immunopathology during malaria infections. Hence, neutralization of GPIs by antibodies may reduce the severity of clinical attacks of malaria. To test this hypothesis, we have assessed the levels of anti-GPI antibodies in plasma from children and adults living in areas of seasonal malaria transmission in The Gambia.

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Objective: The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 14-year-old schoolchildren in Newham in 1998-99, the treatment needed and to compare the results with data from 1995-96. Also, to test whether different levels of deprivation within an area would increase the risk of dental injury.

Basic Research Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out.

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The two clinical scale devices currently available for CD34+ cell selection from peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) apheresis products, the CliniMACS and the Isolex 300i, were compared directly by pooling and splitting two PBSC harvests collected on sequential days from 10 patients and processing half of each pooled harvest on each device. The CliniMACS product had significantly higher median CD34+ purity (90%vs 78%; P = 0.004) and lower median T-cell content (0.

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Aim: We believe that conservative treatment of early breast cancer may not require radiotherapy that encompasses the whole breast in all patients. We have developed a novel therapeutic approach that allows targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (Targit) to be safely and accurately delivered in a standard operating theatre. We are currently recruiting for a randomized trial testing whether Targit can replace the whole 6 weeks of post-operative radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery.

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The development of non-invasive tests for evidence of current or past infection offers new prospects for carrying out population studies of sexually transmitted infection (STI) epidemiology, and for improved understanding of the behavioural and biological determinants of STI transmission. In turn this may guide screening, treatment, and behavioural interventions. The evidence base for many interventions is sparse and randomised trials of interventions are in their early days.

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The relationship of activated factor XII (FXIIa) and FXII 46C>T genotype to coronary atherosclerosis and endothelial function was examined in 192 randomly sampled subjects from the general population and 190 type 1 diabetic subjects (mean age 38+/-4 years). Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was measured using Electron beam CT. von Willebrand factor (vWF), a marker of endothelial function, and FXIIa were measured by ELISA.

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Genetic determinants of the response to bezafibrate treatment in the lower extremity arterial disease event reduction (LEADER) trial.

Atherosclerosis

July 2002

Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, The Rayne Institute, London, UK.

Genetic determinants of baseline levels and the fall in plasma triglyceride and fibrinogen levels in response to bezafibrate treatment were examined in 853 men taking part in the lower extremity arterial disease event reduction (LEADER) trial. Three polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) gene were investigated (L162V, G>A in intron 2 and G>C in intron 7), two in the apolipoprotein CIII (APOC3) gene (-482C>T and -455T>C) and one in the beta-fibrinogen (FIBB) gene (-455G>A). The presence of diabetes (n=158) was associated with 15% higher triglyceride levels at baseline compared to non-diabetics (n=654) (P<0.

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Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased coronary atherosclerosis, especially in women, even though such patients often have an apparently normal lipid profile. We examined whether lipoprotein particle sizes and subclasses differed between type 1 diabetic subjects (n = 194, age 30-55 years) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 195). We examined whether any abnormalities were of similar magnitude in men and women.

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Although the population receiving cardiac surgery is older and therefore more prone to cognitive deterioration, these difficulties have declined over the last ten years. It is likely that the multiple changes introduced to cardiac surgery over time have had a cumulative benefit in protecting the brain. The most likely causes of cognitive difficulties are microemboli delivered to the brain during surgery, altered cerebral perfusion and an inflammatory response.

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