Extrication following a motor vehicle collision: a consensus statement on behalf of The Faculty of Pre-hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

Background: Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death among young people globally, with motor vehicle collisions often resulting in severe injuries and entrapment. Traditional extrication techniques focus on limiting movement to prevent spinal cord injuries, but recent findings from the EXIT project challenge this approach. This paper presents updated recommendations from the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) that reflect the latest evidence on extrication practices.

Evaluating the SAFE Tool's Impact on Documentation and Patient Safety During Structured Ward Rounds in General Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Aim  Effective documentation of critical clinical information is vital for patient safety and timely discharges. Ward rounds (WRs) are crucial for multidisciplinary assessments and care planning. Current emergency surgical WR documentation is inconsistent; therefore, this study will implement a structured WR template adapted from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh's "Surgical Assessment for Emergencies Ward Round Tool" (SAFE) to address these shortcomings.

Platelet inhibition by hypochlorous acid involves cAMP signalling.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), made by neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase, has been suggested to inhibit platelets, however, the mechanisms involved have not been described. Here we confirm that HOCl exposure changes platelet morphology and inhibits platelet spreading and aggregation. HOCl effects could be reversed by glutathione suggesting a role for cysteine oxidation.

Feasibility of embedding orthopaedic clinical trials into national registries: a pilot quality improvement study for the UK Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry (UK-NAHR).

The integration of 'Registry-based Randomised Control Trials' (RRCT) into national registries has the potential to catalyse prospective research, enhancing the evidence base for practice. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of embedding a trial within the UK Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry. This was a national observational, multi-centre study.

Corneal Graft Rejection: Is it Reflected in Peripheral Immune Cells? Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study (VISICORT).

Background: Allogeneic graft rejection is the leading cause of graft failure in corneal transplantation (CT) despite the immune privilege of the anterior chamber and corneal bed. The ability to identify patients at higher risk of acute rejection before or after CT could have a major impact on the clinical management of these patients.

Methods: To address this important issue, a multicenter European cohort of low-risk (n = 142) and high-risk (n = 102) CT recipients was established, and the immune system was evaluated in detail in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma before and 6 and 12 mo posttransplantation.

Cannabis use in youth is associated with chronic inflammation.

Background: Markers of inflammation and cannabis exposure are associated with an increased risk of mental disorders. In the current study, we investigated associations between cannabis use and biomarkers of inflammation.

Methods: Utilizing a sample of 914 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we investigated whether interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) measured at age 24 were associated with past year daily cannabis use, less frequent cannabis use, and no past year cannabis use.

The Wade Programme in surgical anatomy: educational approach and 10-year review.

Background: Against a background of significant changes in UK medical education at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) established the Wade Programme in Surgical Anatomy in 2012, as a means of supporting the study of surgical anatomy throughout training. This article provides a 10-year review of the Wade Programme and its educational foundation.

Methods: A novel methodology, the 'Wade Educational Approach', was used in the design and development of a portfolio of professional courses at three training levels: Level 1 - RCSEd Affiliate, Level 2 - Early Years (MRCS) and Level 3 - Later Years (FRCS and CPD).

How Reliable is the Assessment of Fusion Status Following ACDF Using Dynamic Flexion-Extension Radiographs?

Study Design: Reliability study.

Objectives: The radiographic diagnosis of non-union is not standardized. Prior authors have suggested using a cutoff of <1 mm interspinous process motion (ISPM) on flexion-extension radiographs, but the ability of practicing surgeons to make these measurements reliably is not clear.

Contrasting versions of Medical Police, the forerunner of Public Health, in Edinburgh in the early 19th century.

Andrew Duncan Senior and John Roberton were medical figures who wrote about Medical Police, the forerunner of Public Health, at the turn of the 18th century in Edinburgh. Duncan was an establishment figure, already a Professor at Edinburgh University Medical School when he began a series of lectures on the legal context of medicine, the first of its kind in the UK. Roberton was a less conventional person whose medical qualifications were dubious but who wrote a textbook on Medial Police, the first in the English language.

A novel method to assess photobiomodulation in stimulating regenerative capacity and vascularization in zebrafish.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a continuously growing approach to stimulating healing and reducing inflammation and pain. However, its effects in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are still under investigation. Studying PBM effects on the regenerative capacity of zebrafish can allow the application of novel clinical approaches where the impact of PBM will be cross-linked with the stem-cell therapeutic approaches.

Trends in the incidence of young-adult-onset diabetes by diabetes type: a multi-national population-based study from an international diabetes consortium.

Background: Population-based incidence data on young-adult-onset type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are limited. We aimed to examine secular trends in the incidence of diagnosed type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes with an age of onset between 15 and 39 years.

Methods: In this multicountry aggregate data analysis, we assembled eight administrative datasets from high-income jurisdictions and countries (Australia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Japan, Scotland, South Korea, and Spain [Catalonia]) that had appropriate data available from an international diabetes consortium (GLOBODIAB) describing incidence by diabetes type among people aged 15-39 years from 2000 to 2020.

The Life and Contributions of Dr. Abraham Colles: A Pioneer in Orthopaedics.

Abraham Colles (1773-1843) was a pioneering Irish surgeon whose contributions significantly advanced the fields of anatomy and surgery. Best known for describing the "Colles' fracture" of the distal radius, Colles' meticulous clinical observations and innovative treatment methods remain influential in modern orthopaedic practice. Born in Kilkenny, Ireland, Colles pursued medical education at Trinity College Dublin and the University of Edinburgh before training in London under the renowned surgeon Astley Cooper.

Bioaerosols and Airborne Transmission in the Dental Clinic.

The importance of aerosols (particles suspended in air) produced during dental procedures became more apparent than ever during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns over transmission of infection in these aerosols led to unprecedented disruption to dental services across the world, adversely impacting patients' oral health. This article discusses the evidence related to airborne transmission of infectious diseases and the relevance to dentistry.

Building resilient surgical systems that can withstand external shocks.

When surgical systems fail, there is the major collateral impact on patients, society and economies. While short-term impact on patient outcomes during periods of high system stress is easy to measure, the long-term repercussions of global crises are harder to quantify and require modelling studies with inherent uncertainty. When external stressors such as high-threat infectious disease, forced migration or climate-change-related events occur, there is a resulting surge in healthcare demand.

EAACI guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergy.

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline provides recommendations for the management of IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Following the confirmation of IgE-mediated food allergy diagnosis, allergen avoidance and dietary advice (with support of a specialised dietitian, if possible) together with the provision of a written treatment plan, education on the recognition of allergic symptoms and prescription of medication including adrenaline using an auto-injector are essential. Patients with significant anxiety and requirement for coping strategies may benefit from support from a clinical psychologist.

Debiasing Judgements Using a Distributed Cognition Approach: A Scoping Review of Technological Strategies.

Objective: To review and synthesise research on technological debiasing strategies across domains, present a novel distributed cognition-based classification system, and discuss theoretical implications for the field.

Background: Distributed cognition theory is valuable for understanding and mitigating cognitive biases in high-stakes settings where sensemaking and problem-solving are contingent upon information representations and flows in the decision environment. Shifting the focus of debiasing from individuals to systems, technological debiasing strategies involve designing system components to minimise the negative impacts of cognitive bias on performance.