Surgeon-Performed Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Sigmoid Diverticulitis: A Pragmatic Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background and purpose Early diagnosis and risk stratification of sigmoid diverticulitis rely heavily on timely imaging. Computerized tomography (CT), the gold standard diagnostic test, may be delayed due to resource constraints or patient comorbidity. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has an established role in trauma evaluation, and could potentially diagnose and stage acute diverticulitis, thus shortening the time to definitive treatment.

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on University Students in Bahrain.

Background COVID-19 is an ongoing event that has affected millions worldwide financially, socially, and psychologically; university students have also felt the devastating impact. Therefore, assessing how students have been affected psychologically is important, which is explored in this study. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in two institutions in Bahrain between October and December 2021.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Prevalence and Perception of Telehealth Use in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Survey Study.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth has become a safer way to access health care. The telehealth industry has rapidly expanded over the last decade as a modality to provide patient-centered care. However, the prevalence of its use and patient acceptability remains unclear in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Psychological interventions for women with non-metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. It is a distressing diagnosis and, as a result, considerable research has examined the psychological sequelae of being diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. Breast cancer is associated with increased rates of depression and anxiety and reduced quality of life.

Quality of Life of Emirati Women with Breast Cancer.

To examine the quality of life (QoL) of Emirati women with breast cancer (BC) and determine its relationships with their sociodemographic characteristics and clinical factors. The study will play a leading role in providing information about the QoL of Emirati women with BC and will help in recognizing the aspects of QoL in BC survivorship that requires special attention. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 Emirati women using a multistage stratified clustered random sampling.

A Review on the Incidence and Related Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity Across Various Countries.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ophthalmologic condition that is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness. Due to the premature nature of blood vessels in preterm infants, retinal vessels are prone to damage. The incidence of ROP ranges with great variation across countries, and this study aims to identify the incidence and its related risk factors.

Peanut-Induced Anaphylaxis in Children: A Literature Review.

Peanut allergy has become more common among children and is considered one of the most common triggers for fatal anaphylaxis. Treatment of symptoms during a reaction is only one aspect of managing anaphylaxis; other elements include rigorous dietary avoidance and education about settings that could put the patient at a high risk of unintentional exposure. We aimed to review the prevalence, mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and emergency action of peanut-induced anaphylaxis among children.

Evaluation of neurological testing for hand-arm vibration syndrome.

Background: The neurological component of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) uses the Stockholm Workshop Scale sensorineural (SWS SN) stages for classification. Proximal compressive neuropathies are common in HAVS and the symptoms are similar to SN HAVS. The SWS may not be a valid staging tool if a patient has comorbid proximal compression neuropathy.

Review of the Current Knowledge of Reactive Attachment Disorder.

Reactive attachment disorder (RAD), classified under Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders in the DSM-5 manual, is a childhood psychiatric illness due to familial or social neglect or due to maltreatment. It is characterized by an inhibited and withdrawn social and emotional behavior toward an adult caregiver, typically before the age of 5. Neurobiological changes in patients with RAD have been shown to be substantially significant with features such as loss of grey matter volume and neurotransmitter deficiencies that not only impact the ability to form healthy attachments but also increase the risk of comorbidities such as depression and anxiety.

Follow-Up of Patients After Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Cell Autotransplantation at Off-Site Islet Isolation Facility.

Context: Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is a definitive management for intractable pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Islet autotransplantation (IAT) allows for the preservation of beta cells to prevent complications of long-term diabetes.

Objective: Our study follows TPIAT recipients for up to 12 years to determine the efficacy of the procedure completed with an off-site islet isolation facility.

Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product, Organ Crosstalk, and Pathomechanism Targets for Comprehensive Molecular Therapeutics in Diabetic Ischemic Stroke.

Diabetes mellitus, a well-established risk factor for stroke, is related to higher mortality and poorer outcomes following the stroke event. Advanced glycation end products(AGEs), their receptors RAGEs, other ligands, and several other processes contribute to the cerebrovascular pathomechanism interaction in the diabetes-ischemic stroke combination. Critical reappraisal of molecular targets and therapeutic agents to mitigate them is required to identify key elements for therapeutic interventions that may improve patient outcomes.

Exploring changes in levels and patterns of physical activity in undergraduate medical and nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study reports the physical activity (PA) levels among medical and nursing students at a university in Bahrain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through self-selection sampling of an online survey, participants' data on general demographics, PA levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and reasons for PA changes were collected. From the 110 valid responses, 70 participants (63%) experienced a decrease in PA during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Clinical spectrum and outcome of nine patients with a novel genetic variant of galactosialidosis in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Galactosialidosis (GS, OMIM #256540) is a systemic autosomal recessive disorder that is due to a mutation in the cathepsin A (CTSA) gene. Its worldwide prevalence is rare, accounting for ~146 cases reported cases globally. In Bahrain alone, nine cases have been confirmed.

COVID-19 vaccine had a significant positive impact on patients with SARS-COV-2 during the third (Omicron) wave in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: The third (Omicron) wave had caused significant increase in the number of COVID-19 cases around the globe. The severity of the disease dependeds on the extent of the vaccination status.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of infected COVID-19 patients during the third (Omicron) wave in a hospital in Saudi Arabia.

A case-control study of polychlorinated biphenyl association with metabolic and hormonal outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of environmental pollutants with a long half-life that sequester in fat. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may represent a sensitive subgroup to endogenous exposure to PCBs because of associated weight gain. Seven PCB congeners were compared in age, ethnicity, and BMI matched women with ( = 29) and without ( = 30) PCOS and related to metabolic outcomes, and steroid and thyroid hormone levels.

Modeling the Potential Impact of Remdesivir Treatment for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Resource Use and Direct Hospital Costs: A Hypothetical Study.

Background And Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide. Saudi Arabia was significantly impacted by COVID-19. In March 2021, 381,000 cases were reported with 6539 deaths.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Combating High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of science and engineering that focuses on the computational understanding of intelligent behavior. Many human professions, including clinical diagnosis and prognosis, are greatly useful from AI. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most critical challenges facing Pakistan and the rest of the world.

Why We Need Stricter Oversight of Research Involving Human Subjects Affected by Conflict.

Background: Despite the potential for ethical violations when research is conducted with conflict-affected populations, there is limited information on how and the extent to which ethical considerations specific to doing research with these populations are integrated into national and international ethics guidelines and, in turn, how these guidelines translate into practice. This study aims to fill this gap by systematically analyzing the existing research ethics guidance of humanitarian donor countries, conflict-affected countries, United Nations (UN) agencies, and funding agencies, as well as ethics reporting in research articles on conflict-affected populations published in peer-reviewed journals.

Methods: A review of 32 research ethics guidelines and granting regulations from UN agencies, donor agencies, and governments was conducted, and the reporting of ethics procedures and practices of 498 articles published in peer-reviewed journals was analyzed.

Evaluation of Patients' Satisfaction with the Transition of Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinics to Teleconsultation During COVID-19 Pandemic.

The utilization of telemedicine has been steadily rising and became more available during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to ensure the continuity of care and minimize the risk of exposure to the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' and caregivers' satisfaction to newly developed teleconsultation services at the internal medical outpatient clinics at a tertiary university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional satisfaction evaluation was conducted between April 2020 and June 2020.

Barriers to nurse-patient communication in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain: Patient perspective.

Objectives: Effective and efficient communication is a core element in healthcare systems, especially between healthcare providers and patients. This study aimed to identify communication barriers between nurses and patients in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted across primary healthcare centers in Bahrain.

Inhibition of the IFN-α JAK/STAT Pathway by MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1 Proteins in Human Epithelial Cells.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused several global outbreaks with relatively high mortality rates, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS)-CoV, which emerged in 2012, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-1, which appeared in 2002. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for immediate and greater understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms used by CoVs. Interferon (IFN)-α is the body's natural antiviral agent, but its Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway is often antagonized by viruses, thereby preventing the upregulation of essential IFN stimulated genes (ISGs).

Predicting Health Care Providers' Acceptance of a Personal Health Record Secure Messaging Feature.

Background: Personal health records (PHRs) can facilitate patient-centered communication through the secure messaging feature. As health care organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia implement PHRs and begin to implement the secure messaging feature, studies are needed to evaluate health care providers' acceptance.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of health care providers' behavioral intention to support the addition of a secure messaging feature in PHRs using an adapted model of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology as the theoretical framework.

Updates in the Surgical Management of Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity: a Scoping Review.

Purpose Of Review: This article focuses on the current advances in surgical management for clubfoot deformity, supported by up-to-date longitudinal studies on each approach.

Recent Findings: Long-term analysis following primary and repeated soft tissue releases has demonstrated good results in young patients with low relapse rates. Tibialis anterior transfer following the Ponseti method shows no difference in long-term pedographic analysis in comparison to the Ponseti method alone.