Efficacy of anti-microbial catheters in preventing catheter associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients: A review on recent updates.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the common hospital-associated infections (HAIs), which can be prevented by practicing necessary precautions and by using antimicrobial urinary catheters (UCs). The efficacy of antimicrobial UCs against standard catheters for averting CAUTIs is poorly studied. The objective of the review is to analyze the efficacy of various types of antimicrobial UCs used in hospitalized patients in preventing CAUTIs.

The Effect of Exenatide on Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile including a prothrombotic state. Exenatide has been shown to be effective at improving insulin sensitivity and weight loss in PCOS; therefore this study was undertaken to assess its effects on weight, endothelial function, inflammatory markers, and fibrin structure/function in overweight/obese women with PCOS. Thirty overweight/obese anovulatory women with all 3 Rotterdam criteria received exenatide 5 mcg bd for 4 weeks then 10 mcg bd for 12 weeks.

The Relationship Between Culture of Safety and Rate of Adverse Events in Long-Term Care Facilities.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of culture of safety dimensions and the rate of unanticipated care outcomes in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality framework of resident safety culture.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected on 13 dimensions of culture of safety in five LTCFs from registered nurses, licensed practical nurses (LPNs), nursing assistants, administrators/managers, administrative support, and rehabilitation staff. Secondary data on falls in the five LTCFs from quarters 1 to 3 of 2014 were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in February 2015.

Associations between ApoE gene and psychological consequences post stroke in a Bahraini cohort.

Background: The contribution of genetic factors such as the presence of ApoE allele e4 and its association with psychological consequences post stroke remains unknown within Middle-Eastern regions. This study examined the association of ApoE genotype with cognitive impairment and mood in stroke patients and compare with healthy older adults in Bahrain.

Method: A prospective sample of n = 62 stroke patients (case group) and n = 53 healthy ageing individuals (control group) were eligible to participate in the study.

Analysis of Gender Equity in Leadership of Physician-Focused Medical Specialty Societies, 2008-2017.

This cross-sectional study examines gender equity in the presidential leadership of medical specialty societies over a 10-year period.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Professional American Football Players: Where Are We Now?

Repetitive head trauma provides a favorable milieu for the onset of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. The result of long-lasting head trauma is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a disease process well-recognized in boxers, military personnel, and more recently, in American football players. CTE is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with hallmarks of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) aggregates and intercellular lesions of neurofibrillary tangles.

The NURSING-Positive Recruitment Arabic Model (NURS-P.R.A.M.): A mixed methods study.

Aim: To identify factors influencing high school students' choice of nursing and explore strategic interventions to promote nursing as a career in the Arab region.

Background: This study forms part of a PhD thesis, conducted in Bahrain, in a healthcare environment with a high dependence on expatriate nurses to maintain nursing services. However, in attracting local candidates to study nursing, the public image of nursing in the Middle East must be improved by implementing strategies that are sensitive to the Arabic culture.

A fatal case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis of the jaw after dental extractions and review of literature.

The purpose of presenting this case is to report a fatal case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis post-dental extraction in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Several cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis have been reported, but mucocutaneous mucormycosis has not been commonly reported to be a part of polymicrobial wound infections at multifocal sites. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the second case of polymicrobial rhinocerebral infection involving mucormycosis.

Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Medical Students in Bahrain.

Objectives: Medical training can be a stressful experience and may negatively impact mental health for some students. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among medical students in one international medical university in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to determine associations between these symptoms, the students' characteristics, and their satisfaction with life.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire, distributed to 350 enrolled medical students.

A descriptive survey study of violence management and priorities among psychiatric staff in mental health services, across seventeen european countries.

Background: In mental health services what is commonplace across international frontiers is that to prevent aggressive patients from harming themselves, other patients or staff, coercive measures and foremost, violence management strategies are required. There is no agreement, recommendations or direction from the EU on which measures of coercion should be practiced across EU countries, and there is no overall one best practice approach.

Methods: The project was conceived through an expert group, the European Violence in Psychiatry Research Group (EViPRG).

Predictors of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Poststroke in a Middle Eastern (Bahrain) Cohort: A Proposed Case-Control Comparison.

Background: Poststroke dementia and cognitive impairment are associated with poor long-term outcomes after stroke. The contribution of genetic factors such as the presence of apolipoprotein (ApoE) ɛ4 allele and its association with cognitive impairment poststroke remains inconclusive, particularly in Middle Eastern regions.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine all correlates and potential predictors of cognitive impairment including self-awareness and regulation deficits in stroke patients and compare these functions with healthy older adults from a Middle Eastern population.

Distal Femoral Oblique Fracture in a Young Male Soldier: Case Report of an Unusual Presentation.

Here, we report a case of a distal femoral fracture in a 23-year-old male army cadet who presented to the Accident and Emergency department following a twisting injury while participating in a routine military marching exercise. A pathological fracture was considered but this suspicion was put to rest following thorough investigations, leaving only a diagnosis of a nontraumatic spontaneous femoral fracture.To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of distal femoral fractures associated with nontraumatic military exercises, with the majority of injuries instead related to stress fractures.

A balancing act: a phenomenological exploration of medical students' experiences of using mobile devices in the clinical setting.

Objective: The aims of this study were to describe the experiences of senior students using mobile devices in a clinical setting while learning and interacting with clinical teachers, patients and each other, and to identify challenges that facilitated or impeded the use of such devices in the hospital.

Design: Interpretative phenomenology was chosen to guide our enquiry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine the experiences of five senior medical students using mobile devices in the clinical setting.

Prepared to practice? Perception of career preparation and guidance of recent medical graduates at two campuses of a transnational medical school: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Graduating medical students enter the workforce with substantial medical knowledge and experience, yet little is known about how well they are prepared for the transition to medical practice in diverse settings. We set out to compare perceptions of medical school graduates' career guidance with their perceptions of preparedness to practice as interns. We also set out to compare perceptions of preparedness for hospital practice between graduates from two transnational medical schools.

Cross-cultural challenges for assessing medical professionalism among clerkship physicians in a Middle Eastern country (Bahrain): feasibility and psychometric properties of multisource feedback.

Background: We aimed to design, implement, and evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a multisource feedback (MSF) system to assess interns in their clerkship year in the Middle Eastern culture, the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Method: The study was undertaken in the Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, a military teaching hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 21 interns (who represent the total population of the interns for the given year) were assessed in this study.

Human resistin and the RELM of Inflammation in diabesity.

The initial discovery of resistin and resistin-like molecules (RELMs) in rodents suggested a role for these adipocytokines in molecular linkage of obesity, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Since then, it became apparent that the story of resistin and RELMs was very much of mice and men. The putative role of this adipokine family evolved from that of a conveyor of insulin resistance in rodents to instigator of inflammatory processes in humans.

Virtue ethics--an old answer to a new dilemma? Part 2. The case for inclusive virtue ethics.

While Principlism is a widely accepted consensus statement for ethics, the moral theory that underpins it faces serious challenges. This two-part paper proposes a version of virtue theory as a more grounded system of moral analysis. Part 2 examines the role of basic moral theory as the foundation to ethics and suggests how virtue theory can be used as a central framework for ethics while being inclusive of insights from deontology and consequentialism.

Virtue ethics - an old answer to a new dilemma? Part 1. Problems with contemporary medical ethics.

The commonest practical model used in contemporary medical ethics is Principlism. Yet, while Principlism is a widely accepted consensus statement for ethics, the moral theory that underpins it faces serious challenges in its attempt to provide a coherent and accepted system of moral analysis. This inevitably challenges the stability of such a consensus statement and makes it vulnerable to attack by competitors such as preference consequentialism.

KRAS G13D Mutation and Sensitivity to Cetuximab or Panitumumab in a Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Model.

Background: The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) includes drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Mutation in codon 12 or 13 in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene, downstream of the EGFR, evokes constitutive activation of the RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway and correlates with resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies. However, a retrospective study reported that a proportion of patients with the KRAS G13D mutation may respond to cetuximab.