How Do Paediatricians Manage Comfort with Uncertainty in Clinical Decision-Making.

Background: While healthcare practice is inherently characterised by uncertainty, there is a paucity of formal curricular training to support comfort with uncertainty (CWU) in postgraduate training. Indeed, some evidence suggests medical training inherently conflicts with CWU in emphasizing pedagogies focussing on "fixing" the problem. While referral patterns increase significantly, dealing with uncertainty has direct implications for patient referral rates and use of valuable healthcare resources.

Luminal breast cancer identity is determined by loss of glucocorticoid receptor activity.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cancer biology. In this study, we utilized an in silico-designed GR activity signature to demonstrate that GR relates to the proliferative capacity of numerous primary cancer types. In breast cancer, the GR activity status determines luminal subtype identity and has implications for patient outcomes.

The relative roles of early life, physical activity, sedentarism and diet in social and economic inequalities in body mass index and obesity risk between 9 and 18.

Background: Studies in many middle and high-income countries describe an increasing prevalence of adiposity and obesity among children and adolescents. Prevalence is higher among families of low socioeconomic position (SEP) and systematic reviews have identified relevant factors, but have not quantified their relative importance to SEP differentials. This paper examines the relative importance of different factors to Body Mass Index (BMI) and obesity trajectories from age 9 to age 17/18.

A catalyst for change: Developing a collaborative reflexive ethnographic approach to research with hospital doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The understanding of what ethnography looks like, and its purpose, is continuously evolving. COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to ethnographers, particularly those working in health-related research. Researchers have developed alternative forms of ethnography to overcome some of these challenges; we developed the Mobile Instant Messaging Ethnography (MIME) adaptation to ethnography in 2021 to overcome restrictions to our own research with hospital doctors.

Which Biomass Stove(s) Capable of Reducing Household Air Pollution Are Available to the Poorest Communities Globally?

Globally, household and ambient air pollution (HAAP) leads to approximately seven million premature deaths per year. One of the main sources of household air pollution (HAP) is the traditional stove. So-called improved cookstoves (ICS) do not reduce emissions to levels that benefit health, but the poorest communities are unlikely to have access to cleaner cooking in the medium term.

Design and Rationale of a Randomized Trial of COBRA PzF Stenting to REDUCE Duration of Triple Therapy (COBRA-REDUCE).

Background/purpose: A coronary stent with thromboresistant and pro-healing properties such as the polymer polyzene F-coated (COBRA PzF) stent might safely allow for a very short duration of triple therapy in patients taking oral anticoagulation (OAC) who undergo coronary stenting.

Methods: The COBRA-REDUCE trial is a prospective, multinational, randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded trial. A total of 996 patients at high bleeding risk because of requirement for OAC (with a vitamin K antagonist or non-vitamin K antagonist for any indication) will be randomized at sites in the United States and Europe to treatment with the COBRA-PzF stent followed by very short duration (14 days) DAPT or a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved new generation drug-eluting stent followed by guideline-recommended DAPT duration (3 or 6 months).

An update on developments in medical education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A BEME scoping review: BEME Guide No. 64.

Background: COVID-19 has fundamentally altered how education is delivered. Gordon et al. previously conducted a review of medical education developments in response to COVID-19; however, the field has rapidly evolved in the ensuing months.