Australian medical students' and junior doctors' perceptions of gender discrepancies in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Background: There is currently a gender imbalance 85:15 female/male in the intake into specialist training for the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG).

Aims: To determine the views and perceptions of Australian medical students, and junior doctors in the first five years of practice, toward obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) as a career, including whether there are any perceived barriers to the pursuit of such a career.

Materials And Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was developed with members of the RANZCOG Gender Equity and Diversity Working Group There were two separate studies: the first involved telephone interviews of medical students across three campuses of a medical school in North Queensland.

Agreement between two scales used for assessing risk classification for thromboembolic events and the requirement of postpartum pharmacological prophylaxis.

Objectives: To determine agreement in assessing the need for postpartum pharmacological prophylaxis between the scale of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Colombian guideline scale in a Level IV institution in Bogota, Colombia.

Material And Methods: Diagnostic agreement study assembled on a cross-sectional study. The included population consisted of pregnant women with 24 or more weeks of pregnancy admitted between March 1 and April 30 of 2021 to a high complexity private institution in Bogotá, Colombia, for labor induction, in active labor, for elective cesarean section, or who required urgent cesarean section.

Predictors of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism: A case-control study.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), manifesting as pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is the most common cause of morbidity and death during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We conducted this study to describe the predictors of pregnancy-associated VTE (DVT and PE).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Riyadh.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and the reasons for hesitancy: A multi-centre cross-sectional survey.

Background: On 9 June 2021, the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation and Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommended that pregnant women receive Comirnaty (Pfizer) messenger RNA vaccine at any stage of pregnancy.

Aim: This multi-centre study aimed to assess vaccine acceptance, reasons for hesitancy and determine if differences exist between health districts, to inform future policy strategies for COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: An online survey (developed based on the World Health Organization Behavioural and Social Drivers survey and modified for the pregnant population) was administered to a sample population of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at two metropolitan hospitals (Westmead and Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH)) in New South Wales between 15 September 2021 and 22 October 2021.

[The cesarean procedure: Guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists].

Objective: To identify procedures to reduce maternal morbidity during cesarean.

Material And Methods: The quality of evidence of the literature was assessed following the GRADE® method with questions formulated in the PICO format (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) and outcomes defined a priori and classified according to their importance. An extensive bibliographic search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE databases.

Risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and in the puerperium: a systematic review.

Objectives: To assess the comparative accuracy of risk assessment models (RAMs) to identify women during pregnancy and the early postnatal period who are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Design: Systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and two research registers were searched until February 2021.

Smoking cessation Through Optimization of clinical care in Pregnancy: the STOP pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Background: Smoking cessation improves pregnancy outcomes, yet there is uncertainty around the efficacy of models of antenatal intervention for smoking cessation in pregnancy.

Objective: This study aimed to test the Smoking cessation Through Optimization of clinical care in Pregnancy (STOP) clinic as an antenatal care pathway for smoking cessation in pregnancy. The STOP intervention is a smoking cessation clinic staffed by a dedicated multidisciplinary team of obstetricians, midwives, and smoking cessation practitioners, who provide motivational and psychological support and intensive clinical monitoring of pregnancy.

Ovarian cancer risk management in BRCA-mutation carriers: A comparison of six international and national guidelines.

Objective: Germline mutations in the BRCA gene account for most hereditary ovarian and breast cancer. Management of healthy carriers aims to prevent and allow early detection of breast and ovarian cancer. This study compares six different hereditary ovarian cancer management guidelines, highlighting areas of controversy between different societies.

Systematic review of copper intrauterine contraception continuation in young nulliparous women based on intrauterine device type.

Objectives: No copper intrauterine device (IUD) type is known to better suit young nulliparous women who tend to experience higher rates of IUD discontinuation compared with their older parous counterparts. A systematic review to determine which IUDs have higher continuation rates in young nulliparous women was undertaken.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analyses of available evidence based on IUD type.

A case-control study of the interaction of fetal heart rate abnormalities, fetal growth restriction, meconium in the amniotic fluid and tachysystole, in relation to the outcome of labour.

Objective: To quantify the incidence of intrapartum risk factors in labours with an adverse outcome, and compare them with the incidence of the same indicators in a series of consecutive labours without adverse outcome.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Twenty-six maternity units in the UK.

How we define recurrent miscarriage matters: A qualitative exploration of the views of people with professional or lived experience.

Background: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects 1%-3% of women/couples of reproductive age depending on the definition used, for example, whether 2 or ≥3 miscarriages. Stakeholders' views of how RM is defined have received limited attention to date. A definition reflects the medical evidence and values of a society at the time, and thus warrants ongoing review.

Next Generation Sequencing after Invasive Prenatal Testing in Fetuses with Congenital Malformations: Prenatal or Neonatal Investigation.

Congenital malformations diagnosed by ultrasound screening complicate 3-5% of pregnancies and many of these have an underlying genetic cause. Approximately 40% of prenatally diagnosed fetal malformations are associated with aneuploidy or copy number variants, detected by conventional karyotyping, QF-PCR and microarray techniques, however monogenic disorders are not diagnosed by these tests. Next generation sequencing as a secondary prenatal genetic test offers additional diagnostic yield for congenital abnormalities deemed to be potentially associated with an underlying genetic aetiology, as demonstrated by two large cohorts: the 'Prenatal assessment of genomes and exomes' (PAGE) study and 'Whole-exome sequencing in the evaluation of fetal structural anomalies: a prospective cohort study' performed at Columbia University in the US.

Temporal trends in stillbirth over eight decades in England and Wales: A longitudinal analysis of over 56 million births and lives saved by improvements in maternity care.

Background: Considering the public health importance of stillbirth, this study quantified the trends in stillbirths over eight decades in England and Wales.

Methods: This longitudinal study utilized the publicly available aggregated data from the Office for National Statistics that captured maternity information for babies delivered in England and Wales from 1940 to 2019. We computed the trends in stillbirth with the associated incidence risk difference, incidence risk ratio, and extra lives saved per decade.

Intrapartum cardiotocography trace pattern pre-processing, features extraction and fetal health condition diagnoses based on RCOG guideline.

Context: The computerization of both fetal heart rate (FHR) and intelligent classification modeling of the cardiotocograph (CTG) is one of the approaches that are utilized in assisting obstetricians in conducting initial interpretation based on (CTG) analysis. CTG tracing interpretation is crucial for the monitoring of the fetal status during weeks into the pregnancy and childbirth. Most contemporary studies rely on computer-assisted fetal heart rate (FHR) feature extraction and CTG categorization to determine the best precise diagnosis for tracking fetal health during pregnancy.

Iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth in England: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: To describe the rates of and risk factors associated with iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth and the variation in rates between hospitals.

Design: Cohort study using electronic health records.

Setting: English National Health Service.

Call for a unified approach to Monkeypox infection in pregnancy: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the current monkeypox outbreak, vaccination and treatment of pregnant women are recommended only if the benefits outweigh risks, but the extremely sparse data available limit evidence-based recommendations. We must facilitate a unified consensus approach to rapidly collect robust data. Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, monkeypox has emerged as yet another challenge to the mother-fetus dyad, potentially placing both at risk, if exposed.

Effective healthcare communication with children and young people: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators.

Objective: To identify children and young people's preferences for effective healthcare communication.

Design: A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted to identify evidence from children and young people on effective healthcare communication. Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched to July 2020.