The use of antibiotics in the management of odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents: A scoping review.

Objectives: To identify evidence and guidelines relating to the use of antibiotics in the management of odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents.

Data: Articles relating to odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents aged 0-16 years were included. Articles in which paediatric data could not be differentiated from adult data or where the age of participants were unknown were excluded.

"FBT Is for the Rich": A Qualitative Study Examining Clinicians' Experiences and Perceptions of Treatment Access and Engagement for Diverse Families in Family-Based Treatment.

Objective: Family-based treatment (FBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders, but research exploring access and engagement in FBT is sparse. This paper focuses on findings from a broader study, specifically addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) impeding access and engagement in FBT for diverse families (i.e.

Systematic review of the impact of intestinal microbiota on vaccine responses.

The intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in host immunity and might contribute to the significant variation between individuals' vaccine responses. A systematic search was done using MEDLINE and Embase to identify original human studies investigating the association between intestinal microbiota composition and humoral and cellular vaccine responses. In total, 30 publications (26 studies, 14 in infants, 12 in adults), were included.

Global burden of tuberculous meningitis in children aged 0-14 years in 2019: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis is fatal if untreated and can lead to lifelong neurological sequelae. However, to our knowledge, there are no data on the number of children affected by this disease. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden and attributable mortality of childhood tuberculous meningitis by WHO regions, age groups, treatment status, and HIV status in 2019.

Identifying Paediatric Populations with Increased Risk for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Acute and Critical Care Settings: A Scoping Review.

Dysphagia is common in hospitalised children. Clarity regarding its prevalence is required to direct service needs. This review reports oropharyngeal dysphagia prevalence in children admitted to acute and/or critical care, following acute illness, medical or surgical intervention.

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement on the Right Side of the Falciform Ligament to Prevent Obstruction by the Omentum.

We describe a simple and reproducible technique for neonatal peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion following cardiac surgery which prevents the catheter from becoming blocked by the omentum.

Tuberculosis treatment and undernutrition on Daru Island, Papua New Guinea: A qualitative exploration of a local foodscape.

A substantial proportion of people with tuberculosis (TB)-one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases-live in resource-poor, food insecure settings. It is widely recognised that undernutrition significantly heightens vulnerability to TB, as well as contributes to poor treatment adherence and outcomes. However, more attention is needed to understand what shapes food insecurity and undernutrition in a particular setting.

Radiographic and visual response to the type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in children with relapsed/refractory optic pathway glioma in the FIREFLY-1 trial.

Background: Due to their anatomical locations, optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) can rarely be cured by resection. Given the importance of preserving visual function, we analyzed radiological and visual acuity (VA) outcomes for the type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in the OPG subgroup of the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial.

Methods: FIREFLY-1 investigated the efficacy (arm 1, n=77), safety, and tolerability (arms 1/2) of tovorafenib (420 mg/m2 once weekly; 600 mg maximum) in patients with BRAF-altered relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG).

Observational gait analysis.

Purpose Of Review: The review is aimed at practising paediatricians who want to improve their clinical skills in observational gait analysis. Many paediatric complaints relate to problems of walking or limb alignment, and only a small proportion of these are pathological. With a deeper understanding of normal gait and a framework to conduct an observational analysis, the clinician can feel more confident diagnosing and recognizing those walking patterns that need further investigation.

Emergency department mental health presentations in young children: a retrospective chart review.

Aim: To characterise key features of young people presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a mental health complaint when comparing children (aged 7 to 12 years) and teenagers (13 years and greater).

Methods: Retrospective review of all ED mental health presentations in children aged 7-17 years presenting over a 12-month period in 2018 to a tertiary children's hospital in Victoria, Australia. Univariate analyses were carried out to examine the relationship between children and teenagers and a number of key presentation variables.

Clinimetric properties of field exercise tests in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review.

Objectives: Accurate measurement of exercise capacity is an important prognostic indicator for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF); however, gold-standard, cardiopulmonary exercise tests are commonly unavailable. This review systematically describes the clinimetric properties of field exercise tests for pwCF.

Methods: A systematic review was undertaken for studies reporting field exercise tests in pwCF.

Research active medical imaging professionals in Australian metropolitan health services embrace opportunities and can overcome obstacles to engage in research: A mixed methods study.

Introduction: A minority of medical imaging professionals within Australian metropolitan healthcare services are engaging in research activity as part of an emerging research culture. This study aimed to explore the characteristics and experience of medical imaging professionals who engage in research to identify contextual and individual factors that empower them to participate in research.

Methods: A mixed methods observational study consisting of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) components using an interpretative description approach was completed with research active medical imaging professionals (radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists and sonographers).

Offering reproductive genetic carrier screening for cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy and fragile X syndrome: Views of Victorian general practitioners.

Background And Objectives: The Royal Australian College of General Practice recommends that all women contemplating pregnancy or in early pregnancy should be offered reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS). In November 2023, a new Medicare item number was introduced for RGCS to detect cystic fibrosis (CF), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and fragile X syndrome (FXS) carrier status. The role of general practice in offering RGCS is recognised as being of crucial importance, but only a minority of general practitioners (GPs) are offering such screening.

Chemical eye injury in remote and urgent care clinic settings.

Background: Chemical eye injuries are potentially sight-threatening injuries, representing 10-22% of all ocular trauma presentations. Prompt assessment and management of chemical eye injuries in general practice and urgent care clinic settings can prevent patients from losing vision.

Objective: This article presents a clinically useful guide for general practitioners to support the primary management of chemical-related eye injuries, particularly in rural and regional settings.

Patient-reported outcomes of Children with an Anorectal Malformation.

Objective: We aimed to study the impact of anorectal malformation (ARM) type and sacral ratio on continence outcomes in children. We secondarily aimed to compare continence outcomes by age group and determine quality of life (QoL) with different bowel regimens.

Summary Background Data: Children with ARM experience dysfunctional stooling into adulthood.

Entirely Exophytic HPV-associated Endocervical Adenocarcinoma: A Rare But Potentially Aggressive Neoplastic Phenomenon.

A subset of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma (EA) displays exclusively exophytic growth, with or without a classic villoglandular appearance. Given that increased depth and extent of destructive stromal invasion are associated with poorer prognosis for HPV-associated EA, it is believed that exclusively exophytic tumors are associated with a relatively indolent clinical course. There is, however, a paucity of data regarding the behavior of these neoplasms.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for ICU Mortality After Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Children.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the favored renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Predicting clinical outcomes for CRRT patients is difficult due to population heterogeneity, varying clinical practices, and limited sample sizes.

Objective: We aimed to predict survival to ICUs and hospital discharge in children and young adults receiving CRRT using machine learning (ML) techniques.

The benefits of removing toxic chemicals from plastics.

More than 16,000 chemicals are incorporated into plastics to impart properties such as color, flexibility, and durability. These chemicals may leach from plastics, resulting in widespread human exposure during everyday use. Two plastic-associated chemicals-bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-and a class of chemicals-brominated flame retardants [polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)]-are credibly linked to adverse health and cognitive impacts.

Highly multiplexed cytokine analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma reveals age-related dynamics and correlates of inflammation in children.

Despite the central role of cytokines in mediating inflammation that underlies a range of childhood diseases, cytokine testing remains primarily limited to research settings and surrogate markers of inflammation are often used to inform clinical diagnostic and treatment decisions. There are currently no reference ranges available for cytokines in healthy children, either systemically (in blood) or at sites of disease (such as the lung). In our study, we aimed to develop an openly accessible dataset of cytokines in the airways and blood of healthy children spanning 1 to 16 years of age.

Cost-effectiveness of oral immunotherapy for egg allergy according to age of therapy commencement.

Background: Egg oral immunotherapy can induce desensitization or remission of egg allergy in children.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of OIT for raw egg allergy in school-aged children compared to egg avoidance, and the most cost-effective age at which to commence treatment.

Methods: A decision-analytic Markov model estimated the health and cost outcomes of 1000 children aged four years with egg allergy, comparing different ages of OIT commencement (from ages 4-12, inclusive) versus ongoing egg avoidance.

The association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and adverse long-term health outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed drugs during pregnancy. The long-term health risks to children associated with prenatal antibiotic exposure is unclear.

Objective: To identify the association between prenatal antibiotics and adverse long-term health outcomes in children.