Circular RNA circRNA_100349 functions as a miR-218-5p sponge for suppressing the cell proliferation of gastric cancer via regulation of IGF2 expression.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) hold critical importance due to their notable function in developing Gastric Cancer (GC), which is a malignancy with the third most frequent occurrence worldwide. The aim of this study was to see if circRNA_0044516 would control GC cell proliferation and establish more effective therapeutic strategies.

Methods: In GC tissues or cells, quantitative Real‑Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed for the detection of the expression of circRNA_100349, Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF2), and miR-218-5p.

Epigenetic determinants in soft tissue sarcomas: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of rare, mesenchymal tumors characterized by dismal prognosis in advanced/metastatic stages. Knowledge of their molecular determinants is still rather limited. However, in recent years, epigenetic regulation - the modification of gene expression/function without DNA sequence variation - has emerged as a key player both in sarcomagenesis and sarcoma progression.

Cost-effectiveness of 5 fraction and partial breast radiotherapy for early breast cancer in the UK: model-based multi-trial analysis.

Purpose: We estimated the cost-effectiveness of 4 radiotherapy modalities to treat early breast cancer in the UK. In a subgroup of patients eligible for all modalities, we compared whole-breast (WB) and partial breast (PB) radiotherapy delivered in either 15 (WB15F, PB15F) or 5 fractions (WB5F, PB5F). In a subgroup ineligible for PB radiotherapy, we compared WB15F to WB5F.

CHD7 and 53BP1 regulate distinct pathways for the re-ligation of DNA double-strand breaks.

Chromatin structure is dynamically reorganized at multiple levels in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Yet, how the different steps of chromatin reorganization are coordinated in space and time to differentially regulate DNA repair pathways is insufficiently understood. Here, we identify the Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 7 (CHD7), which is frequently mutated in CHARGE syndrome, as an integral component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DSB repair pathway.

Deep learning COVID-19 detection bias: accuracy through artificial intelligence.

Background: Detection of COVID-19 cases' accuracy is posing a conundrum for scientists, physicians, and policy-makers. As of April 23, 2020, 2.7 million cases have been confirmed, over 190,000 people are dead, and about 750,000 people are reported recovered.

A Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Belinostat (PXD101) in Combination with Doxorubicin in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

Background. Belinostat is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor. Primary Objectives.

Deep Inspiration Breath Hold-Based Radiation Therapy: A Clinical Review.

Several recent developments in linear accelerator-based radiation therapy (RT) such as fast multileaf collimators, accelerated intensity modulation paradigms like volumeric modulated arc therapy and flattening filter-free (FFF) high-dose-rate therapy have dramatically shortened the duration of treatment fractions. Deliverable photon dose distributions have approached physical complexity limits as a consequence of precise dose calculation algorithms and online 3-dimensional image guided patient positioning (image guided RT). Simultaneously, beam quality and treatment speed have continuously been improved in particle beam therapy, especially for scanned particle beams.

Guidelines for time-to-event end point definitions in breast cancer trials: results of the DATECAN initiative (Definition for the Assessment of Time-to-event Endpoints in CANcer trials)†.

Background: Using surrogate end points for overall survival, such as disease-free survival, is increasingly common in randomized controlled trials. However, the definitions of several of these time-to-event (TTE) end points are imprecisely which limits interpretation and cross-trial comparisons. The estimation of treatment effects may be directly affected by the definitions of end points.

Postpartum acute renal failure: a multicenter study of risk factors in patients admitted to ICU.

Background: Even in developed countries, severe specific pregnancy complications may occur in the immediate postpartum period and require admission to the ICU. The characteristics and risk factors of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by these complications and their treatments are not well known.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study in three intensive care departments linked to level III maternity wards in the north of France.

Biologic frontiers in multiple myeloma: from biomarker identification to clinical practice.

Since the mid-1990s, the multiple myeloma treatment landscape has evolved considerably, which has led to improved patient outcomes and prolonged survival. In addition to discovering new, targeted agents or treatment regimens, the identification and validation of biomarkers has the potential to further improve patient outcomes. The International Staging System relies on a number of biochemical parameters to stratify patients into risk categories.

Phase II study of vincristine sulfate liposome injection (Marqibo) and rituximab for patients with relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma in need of palliative therapy.

Background: VSLI (Marqibo) is active in advanced non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and untreated aggressive NHL. Because of its favorable hematologic toxicity profile, VSLI might be useful in patients unable to tolerate myelosuppressive therapies.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-two patients with heavily pretreated, advanced CD20(+) DLBCL or MCL were treated with VSLI 2.

Multiple immunofluorescence labeling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.

Multiple immunofluorescent labeling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is not a routinely used method. At least in part, this is due to the perception that the innate autofluorescence of the FFPE material forbids the use of immunofluorescent labeling. As a result, immunohistochemical (immunoperoxidase) staining of FFPE material or cryosectioning methods is used instead.

A practical guide to constructing and using tissue microarrays.

Tissue microarray (TMA) technology is a robust "high throughput" method of tissue analysis, whereby a large number of patient samples can be examined in a short time using a minimum number of slides. In a TMA, cylinders of tissue are cored out of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and slotted in a regular grid pattern into a blank recipient paraffin wax block. The TMA block is then cut using a standard laboratory microtome.

APL and differentiation therapy--joint international congress.

This meeting formed part of a series of bi-annual conferences, which had its beginnings in Sardinia in 1985, with the goal of promoting the concept of differentiation induction in cancer therapy. As in the past, the organizers of this meeting aimed to bring together both basic and clinical investigators to promote their interaction. Therapeutic successes of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), arsenic trioxide and STI-571 have proven the importance of oncogene-targeted therapies in cancer treatment, and underlie the usefulness of such interactions for effective and rational design of therapeutic approaches to combat malignant diseases.

Cells from individuals with SOD-1 associated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis do not have an increased susceptibility to radiation-induced free radical production or DNA damage.

Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes that can influence free radical processes in irradiated cells and there is some evidence that manipulation of SODs can affect survival of cells after radiation treatments. SOD-1 associated FALS mutants may have an altered radiation response due to an enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals or a compromised ability to neutralize free radicals.

Clonal characterization of mouse mammary luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

Lineage analysis in vitro of heterogeneous tissues such as mammary epithelium requires the separation of constituent cell types and their growth as clones. The separation of virgin mouse mammary luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting, their growth at clonal density, and the phenotyping of the clones obtained with cell-type specific markers are described in this paper. Epithelial cells were isolated by collagenase digestion followed by trypsinization, and the luminal and myoepithelial cells were flow-sorted with the rat monoclonal antibodies 33A10 and JB6, respectively.

Anthracene-9,10-diones as potential anticancer agents: bacterial mutation studies of amido-substituted derivatives reveal an unexpected lack of mutagenicity.

Fifteen anthracene-9,10-dione ("anthraquinone") derivatives with (omega-aminoalkyl)carboxamido substituents at the 1-, 2-, 1,4-, or 2, 6-ring positions were tested for bacterial mutagenicity in reverse-mutation assays using Salmonella typhimurium frameshift strains TA1538, TA98, and TA97a, in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system prepared from the livers of rats treated with Aroclor 1254. Six of the compounds were also tested in S. typhimurium TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrApKM101 strains, which carry mutations particularly sensitive to reversion by DNA base-pair substitution.

Lack of telomerase in desmoids occurring sporadically and in association with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Background: Telomerase activity may be required for unlimited growth of cells and is repressed in most somatic tissues, but is detectable in immortal cell lines, germ cells, many malignancies and some benign lesions. Desmoids are proliferative, locally invasive, non-metastasizing fibromatous tumours which rarely regress. They occur frequently in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), causing significant morbidity and death.

The use of 32P-postlabelling in studies of the nature and origin of DNA adducts formed by bile from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and from normal patients.

32P-postlabelling is a highly sensitive technique for the detection of DNA adducts. It is unique in that it requires no prior knowledge of the nature of adducts or adduct-forming species under investigation. In the past, we have used this technique to investigate the role of bile in the production of foregut adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

Detection of telomerase activity in human prostate: a diagnostic marker for prostatic cancer?

Objective: To assess the role of telomerase activity as a marker for the development of prostate cancer in men with existing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a known risk factor for prostatic carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Telomerase activity was assayed, using a highly sensitive polymerase-chain reaction-based assay, in nine biopsies from patients with prostatic cancer, 16 from patients clinically diagnosed with BPH and 11 from patients with no evidence of prostatic disease.

Results: Telomerase activity was detectable in eight of the nine prostate cancer biopsies, in none of the normal prostates and in six of the 16 BPH biopsies.

The cytotoxic action of four ammine/amine platinum(IV) dicarboxylates: a flow cytometric study.

We have used flow cytometry to study the mechanism of cytotoxic action of a series of ammine/amine Pt(IV) dicarboxylates [ammine diacetatodichloro(cyclohexylamine) platinum(IV), JM216; ammine dibutyratodichloro(cyclohexylamine)platinum(IV), JM221; ammine diacetatodichloro(propylamine)platinum(IV), JM223; ammine dibenzoatodichloro(propylamine)platinum(IV), JM244]. JM216 has been shown to have clinical potential and has recently entered phase II trials. All the compounds caused a slowdown in S-phase transit followed by a block in G2.