Young People Transitioning From Child and Adolescent to Adult Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

To critically synthesise the literature on the lived experience of young adults about their transition to adult mental health services including the perspectives of key people in their world: parents, carers and clinicians. Young people within child and adolescent mental health services are usually required to transition to adult mental health services at the age of 18, despite evidence showing cognitive and emotional development impacted by childhood trauma, illness and adverse life events. This qualitative systematic review searched relevant electronic databases, policy documents, grey literature and theses examining original qualitative peer-reviewed studies published from 2009 to 2022 in English.

Antibiotic dose optimisation in the critically ill: targets, evidence and future strategies.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight the recent evidence for antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in enhancing patient outcomes in sepsis and septic shock. We also summarise the limitations of available data and describe future directions for research to support translation of antibiotic dose optimisation to the clinical setting.

Recent Findings: Sepsis and septic shock are associated with poor outcomes and require antibiotic dose optimisation, mostly due to significantly altered pharmacokinetics.

Sex-based factors influencing perceived relocation stress and glycemic control among older adults with diabetes.

This study investigated sex differences perceived relocation stress and glycemic control among older adults with type 2 diabetes in long-term care facilities. A cross-sectional correlation design was used to recruit 120 residents during their first year after moving into the facilities in southern Taiwan. The results showed that almost two-thirds of the participants (64.

Factors impacting early mobilization according to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery guideline following gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective study.

Aim: Evidence shows that early mobilization according to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery guideline promotes postoperative recovery in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. However, compliance with the guideline in clinical settings remains low. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing early mobilization after surgery.

Meaningful consumer engagement in medical radiation sciences: enhancing quality improvement and research projects.

Consumer engagement and partnership are increasingly recognised as a significant component of healthcare planning, provision, quality improvement and research. This article provides an overview of consumer engagement embedded in two different projects: a quality improvement project and a research project. The considerations and steps taken to effectively engage and partner with consumers throughout both projects will be discussed such as the prompt for consumer engagement, how the consumer/s were recruited and their specific contributions.

Hospital doctors' and general practitioners' perspectives of outpatient discharge processes in Australia: an interpretive approach.

Background: Unnecessary delays in patient discharge from hospital outpatient clinics have direct consequences for timely access of new patients and the length of outpatient waiting times. The aim of this study was to gain better understanding of hospital doctors' and general practitioners' perspectives of the barriers and facilitators when discharging from hospital outpatients to general practice.

Methods: An interpretative approach incorporating semi-structured interviews with 15 participants enabled both hospital doctors and general practitioners to give their perspectives on hospital outpatient discharge processes.

The impact of COVID-19 on Australian clinicians' decision making in line with the principles of Choosing Wisely.

Aim: To explore the perspectives of clinicians' decision-making processes and considerations in line with the Choosing Wisely principles during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: An exploratory qualitative approach was used.

Methods: Data were collected via semi-structured interviews to encourage participants to discuss their own experience in making clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of dose accumulation methods and workflows utilising cone beam computed tomography images.

Introduction: Various adaptive radiation therapy (ART) methods have emerged, with little consensus amongst the literature as to which is most appropriate. This study aimed to compare dose mapping (DM) versus Monte Carlo recalculation (MCR), using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images when utilised in automated ART dose accumulation workflows in the MIM Maestro software package.

Methods: The treatment plans for 38 cancer patients (19 prostate and 19 head and neck cases) were used to perform DM or MCR retrospectively upon CBCTs acquired during treatment, which were then deformably registered to the planning CT (DR-pCT) to facilitate dose accumulation.

Development and validation of a Perceived Relocation Stress Scale for older individuals transferred to long-term care facilities in Taiwan.

Background: The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a Perceived Relocation Stress Scale.

Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 175 older adults residing in long-term care facilities in Southern Taiwan for at least 1 y were recruited.

Self-confidence in clinical skill: A descriptive study of the perspective of first-year nursing students.

Aim: The aims of this study were to: 1) identify the clinical skills that students self-identified as being important for preparing for their first-year clinical practicum and 2) explore first-year students' self-confidence when practising these self-identified skills.

Background: First year clinical preparation courses in an undergraduate nursing curriculum are important for students to develop their self-confidence to prepare for their clinical placement experience.

Design: A descriptive study design, using a digital workbook, was used to anonymously collect data from first year nursing students at a regional Queensland university.

Engaging consumers and health professionals in collaborative decision-making to optimize care.

Shared communication and collaborative decision-making between consumers and health professionals is essential in optimizing the quality of consumer care. However, the consumers' ability to ask questions and seek answers, as well as health professionals' communication skills to engage with the consumer, are necessary considerations for the collaborative decision-making process. This quality improvement initiative sought to understand the context of collaborative decision making from the perspective of consumers and health professionals adapted from the international Choosing Wisely program.

Applying the Ottawa Charter to guide resilience-building programs for health care organizations.

Resilience is situated at the core of the World Health Organization European policy framework for health and well-being and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Resilience refers to how effectively a person, group, or system deals with and recovers from challenging situations. In this paper resilience refers to the capacity of a health care professional to manage complex issues and adapt to situations successfully.

Exploring the highs and lows of very low carbohydrate high fat diets on weight loss and diabetes- and cardiovascular disease-related risk markers: A systematic review.

Aim: Very low carbohydrate high fat diets (VLCHF) are increasingly popular for weight loss and diabetes management, but the risk implications of long-term adherence to a high-fat-diet remain unclear, especially in high-risk populations. This review aimed to examine adherence, weight loss, diabetes- and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related risk markers in adults consuming VLCHF diets.

Methods: Online databases were searched for randomised controlled trials ≥3 months duration that met a pre-defined macronutrient prescription: VLCHF ≤25%E carbohydrate, >35%E fat; low fat (LF) ≥45%E carbohydrate, ≤30%E fat; and reported energy, saturated fat (SFA), weight, blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure (BP).

Theoretical asthma self-management program for Taiwanese adolescents with self-efficacy, outcome-expectancy, health behaviour, and asthma symptoms: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: The asthma prevalence of Taiwanese adolescents continued to rise. With physical and psychological changes in adolescents, managing asthma can be quite challenges and affect social, emotional and physical wellbeing. Adolescents with high self-efficacy levels are more likely to be involved in prevention and management activities.

Estimation of prevalence of transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis in an Australian subpopulation using bone scans with echocardiography and clinical correlation.

Background: Bone scans differentiate transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis from light chain amyloidosis and other causes of increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. We examined the prevalence and implications of cardiac uptake in the general population.

Methods: Patients were included based on having undertaken a bone scan for non-cardiac indications using Technetium 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) or Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP).

Effect of a mindfulness programme for long-term care residents with type 2 diabetes: A cluster randomised controlled trial measuring outcomes of glycaemic control, relocation stress and depression.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine physical, behavioural and psychosocial effects of a newly developed mindfulness programme for older adults with type 2 diabetes relocating to long-term care facility.

Background: Taiwan is viewed as an "aged society" with significant proportion of the population living in a long-term care facility. Approximately one third of residents living in long-term care facilities have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and disruption to management of their glycaemic levels is at risk for up to one year after relocating to a long-term care facility.

Medium-term outcomes of converting laparoscopic adjustable gastric band to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with body mass index <35 kg/m: a uniquely Australian perspective.

Background: The rates of primary laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) have declined in the last 5 years due to band removal secondary to complications and the subsequent weight regain that requires revisional procedures.

Objectives: This study aimed to present medium-term weight loss results and the safety profile of converting LAGB to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with body mass index (BMI) <35.0 kg/m who presented with LAGB intolerance or complications.

Orbital mycoses in an adult subtropical population.

Background/objectives: To report the spectrum of fungal infections involving the orbit encountered in an Australian subtropical population with respect to presentation, host risk factors, involved pathogens, treatment and outcomes.

Subjects/methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all adult patients with orbital mycosis treated by the senior author (TJS) from 1986 to 2017 in a tertiary setting.

Results: Thirty cases of fungal infection involving the orbit were included in this case series.

Thirty-day readmission, length of stay and self-management behaviour among patients with acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A scoping review.

Aims And Objectives: To summarise the current evidence on comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related to 30-day readmission and hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and evidence on the effectiveness of self-management programmes for patients with both conditions.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome and T2DM remain two major diseases leading to serious consequences. Thirty-day readmission and LOS were considered indicators of the quality of care, with the understanding that the potential significant effects of these outcomes could be varied.

Preparing Chinese patients with comorbid heart disease and diabetes for home management: a mixed methods study.

Objective: To explore how health education received by patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influences patients' self-efficacy and self-management and changes in behaviour at, and following, hospital discharge.

Design: This study used a convergent mixed methods design.

Participants: Twenty-one participants with completed surveys and interviews at discharge and home follow-up were included in the analysis.

Outcomes of radiologically inserted gastrostomy versus percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Introduction: Gastrostomy insertion either via radiological (radiologically inserted gastrostomy, RIG) or endoscopic (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, PEG) approaches are widely practiced throughout Australia. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of inserted tubes and cost evaluation by both methods.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted on all-cause gastrostomy insertions at a quaternary Australian Hospital, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital (RBWH) between January 2012 and August 2015.

Weighted activity unit effect: evaluating the cost of diagnosis-related group coding.

Background: Activity-based funding (ABF) is a means of healthcare reimbursement, where hospitals are allocated funding based on the number and mix of clinical activity. The ABF model is based solely on Australian refined diagnosis-related group (AR-DRG) classifications of hospital encounters. Each AR-DRG is allocated a weighted activity unit (WAU) translating to cost value to determine ongoing funding allocations for each hospital annually.

Trials with proxy-reported outcomes registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).

Aims: A proxy is someone other than a patient who reports a patient's outcomes as if they are the patient. Due to known discordance with patient reports, proxies are often not recommended in clinical trials; however, proxies may be needed in certain research contexts. We aimed to identify and describe trials registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) with proxy-reported endpoints.