Automated Spontaneity Assessment after Smile Reanimation: A Machine Learning Approach.

Background: Recreation of a spontaneous, emotional smile remains a paramount goal of smile reanimation surgery. However, optimal techniques to reliably restore spontaneity remain unknown. Dual automated machine-learning tools were used to develop an objective tool to analyze spontaneous smiling.

Neurotization Preferences in Smile Reanimation: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Common donor nerve options in smile reanimation include ipsilateral trigeminal motor or contralateral facial nerve branches. Neurotization preference may be influenced by multiple factors, whose relative importance remains poorly understood. In this article, decision-making in smile reanimation is assessed using a stated preference model.

Toward an Automatic System for Computer-Aided Assessment in Facial Palsy.

Quantitative assessment of facial function is challenging, and subjective grading scales such as House-Brackmann, Sunnybrook, and eFACE have well-recognized limitations. Machine learning (ML) approaches to facial landmark localization carry great clinical potential as they enable high-throughput automated quantification of relevant facial metrics from photographs and videos. However, the translation from research settings to clinical application still requires important improvements.

Spontaneity Assessment in Dually Innervated Gracilis Smile Reanimation Surgery.

Importance: Surgeons have sought to optimize outcomes of smile reanimation surgery by combining inputs from nerve-to-masseter and cross-face nerve grafts. An objective assessment tool could help surgeons evaluate outcomes to determine the optimal neural sources for smile reanimation.

Objective: To evaluate the use of a novel video time-stamping method and standard outcome measurement tools to assess outcomes of facial reanimation surgery using various innervation strategies.

In the Eye of the Beholder: Changes in Perceived Emotion Expression after Smile Reanimation.

Background: Tools to quantify layperson assessments of facial palsy are lacking. In this study, artificial intelligence was applied to develop a proxy for layperson assessments, and compare sensitivity to existing outcome measures.

Methods: Artificially intelligent emotion detection software was used to develop the emotionality quotient.

Patient experience in nerve-to-masseter-driven smile reanimation.

Introduction: The nerve-to-masseter is one of the most frequently used neural sources in smile reanimation surgery. Very little information has been reported on patient experience with regard to reanimated smile usage and sequelae following transfer. The aim of this study was to quantify patient perception of nerve-to-masseter use in smile reanimation surgery.

Facial Palsy-Specific Quality of Life in 920 Patients: Correlation With Clinician-Graded Severity and Predicting Factors.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between facial palsy severity and quality of life in a broad cohort of facial palsy patients and to elucidate factors that influence this relationship.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Methods: Records of patients presenting with a clinician-graded facial function (eFACE) and facial palsy-specific quality-of-life patient-reported outcome measure (FaCE) scale from the same moment were reviewed.

Long-term outcome of selective neurectomy for refractory periocular synkinesis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect and treatment stability of selective neurectomy for refractory periocular synkinesis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated with highly selective neurectomy for refractory periocular synkinesis between August 2009 and August 2015. Primary outcome was time to recommencing treatment for periocular synkinesis.