Better cardiometabolic/inflammatory profile is associated with differences in the supraclavicular adipose tissue activity of individuals with T2DM.

Purpose: Brown adipose tissue (BAT), located in the supraclavicular region, has been associated with a better cardiometabolic profile and reduced risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD), in addition to being associated with a healthier phenotype in obesity. However, it is unknown whether greater supraclavicular adipose tissue activity could be associated with a healthier metabolic profile in people already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Thus, the present work evaluated if supraclavicular adipose tissue activity is associated with metabolic and molecular markers in individuals with T2DM.

Time for a Re-Think? The Rationale for Multi-Component Intervention to Prevent Malnutrition in At-Risk Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Dietary strategies for early intervention in older adults are highly desirable, as they encourage individuals to retain a good functional status despite morbidity [...

Effects of combined training on nonshivering thermogenic activity of muscles in individuals with overweight and type 2 diabetes.

Background: Increased thermogenic activity has shown to be a promising target for treating and preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Little is known about the muscular influence on nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), and it remains unclear whether physical training and potential metabolic improvements could be associated with changes in this type of thermogenic activity.

Objective: The present study aimed to assess muscular NST activity in overweight and T2DM before and after a combined training period (strength training followed by aerobic exercise).

Developing a data repository to support interdisciplinary research into childhood stunting: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper.

Introduction: As a topic of inquiry in its own right, data management for interdisciplinary research projects is in its infancy. Key issues include the inability of researchers to effectively query diverse data outputs and to identify potentially important synergies between discipline-specific data. Equally problematic, few semantic ontologies exist to better support data organisation and discovery.

Moderate-intensity Combined Training Induces Lipidomic Changes in Individuals With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Alterations in the lipid metabolism are linked to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR), obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Regular exercise, particularly combined training (CT), is a well-known nonpharmacological treatment that combines aerobic (AT) and resistance (RT) training benefits. However, it is unclear whether moderate-intensity exercise without dietary intervention induces changes in lipid metabolism to promote a "healthy lipidome.

Conjugating uncoupler compounds with hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains to achieve adipose tissue selective drug accumulation.

One potential approach for treating obesity is to increase energy expenditure in brown and white adipose tissue. Here we aimed to achieve this outcome by targeting mitochondrial uncoupler compounds selectively to adipose tissue, thus avoiding side effects from uncoupling in other tissues. Selective drug accumulation in adipose tissue has been observed with many lipophilic compounds and dyes.

Diet and deprivation in pregnancy: a rat model to investigate the effects of the maternal diet on the growth of the dam and its offspring.

The offspring of women in the poorest socio-economic groups in Western societies have an increased risk of developing non-communicable disease in adult life. Deprivation is closely related to the consumption of a diet with an excess of energy (sugar and fat), salt and a shortage of key vitamins. To test the hypothesis that this diet adversely affects the development and long-term health of the offspring, we have formulated two rodent diets, one with a nutrient profile corresponding to the diet of pregnant women in the poorest socio-economic group (DEP) and a second that incorporated current UK recommendations for the diet in pregnancy (REC).

Novel epidemiological model of gastrointestinal nematode infection to assess grazing cattle resilience by integrating host growth, parasite, grass and environmental dynamics.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are ubiquitous and often cause morbidity and reduced performance in livestock. Emerging anthelmintic resistance and increasing change in climate patterns require evaluation of alternatives to traditional treatment and management practices. Mathematical models of parasite transmission between hosts and the environment have contributed towards the design of appropriate control strategies in ruminants, but have yet to account for relationships between climate, infection pressure, immunity, resources, and growth.

Obesity and its association with mental health among Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review.

Context: Obesity and mental health issues increasingly affect children and adolescents, but whether obesity is a risk factor for mental health issues is unclear.

Objective: To systematically review the association between obesity and mental health issues (ie, anxiety and/or depression) among Mexican children and adolescents.

Data Sourcing, Extraction, And Synthesis: A literature search of 13 databases and 1 search engine was conducted.

Cultural factors related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Culture and culturally specific beliefs or practices may influence perceptions and decisions, potentially contributing to childhood obesity. The objective of this study is to identify the cultural factors (expressed through decisions, behaviors, individual experiences, perceptions, attitudes, or views) related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico. Ten databases and one search engine were searched from 1995 onwards for qualitative studies.

Perinatal exposure to fluoxetine and maternal adversity affect myelin-related gene expression and epigenetic regulation in the corticolimbic circuit of juvenile rats.

Many pregnant women experience symptoms of depression, and are often treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, such as fluoxetine. In utero exposure to SSRIs and maternal depressive symptoms is associated with sex-specific effects on the brain and behavior. However, knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these sex differences is limited.

Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Mexican Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising among Mexican children and adolescents in the last decades. To systematically review obesity prevention interventions delivered to Mexican children and adolescents. Thirteen databases and one search engine were searched for evidence from 1995 to 2021.

Obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: A relationship between obesity and poor oral health has been reported.

Objective: To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted of 13 databases and 1 search engine for articles published from 1995 onward.

Recurrence Kinetics after Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery in Colon Cancer. A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and in the UK. Surgical resection is the main curative treatment modality available and using a laparoscopic vs. an open approach may have a direct influence on the inflammatory response, influencing cancer biology and potentially the recurrence kinetics by promoting cancer growth.

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian Bee Bread.

The aim of the study was to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of bee bread from Malaysia. The pH, presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as antimicrobial activities, were assessed. Results revealed a decrease in the pH of bee bread water extract (BBW) relative to bee bread ethanolic extract (BBE) and bee bread hot water extract (BBH).

A Novel Estimation of Unobserved Pig Growth Traits for the Purposes of Precision Feeding Methods.

Recent technological advances make it possible to deliver feeding strategies that can be tailored to the needs of individual pigs in order to optimise the allocation of nutrient resources and contribute toward reducing excess nutrient excretion. However, these efforts are currently hampered by the challenges associated with: (1) estimation of unobserved traits from the available data on bodyweight and feed consumption; and (2) characterisation of the distributions and correlations of these unobserved traits to generate accurate estimates of individual level variation among pigs. Here, alternative quantitative approaches to these challenges, based on the principles of inverse modelling and separately inferring individual level distributions within a Bayesian context were developed and incorporated in a proposed precision feeding modelling framework.

Exercise acutely increases vitamin D receptor expression in T lymphocytes in vitamin D-deficient men, independent of age.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Does exercise affect vitamin D receptor expression in T lymphocytes in young, middle-aged and older adults? What is the main finding and its importance? Moderate-intensity cycling exercise increases vitamin D receptor expression in vitamin D-deficient men, independent of age, presenting a strategy to combat the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.

Abstract: Vitamin D plays a key role in the modulation of the immune system, mediated through the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR). Exercise has been shown to influence the activity and availability of the VDR.

Conjugation Protocol Optimised for and .

and species of the human gut microbiota play an important role in the maintaince of human health, partly by producing butyrate, the main energy source of our colonic epithelial cells. However, our knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of these bacteria has been limited by a lack of genetic manipulation techniques. Conjugative transposons previously introduced into species could not be easily modified, greatly limiting their applicability as genetic modification platforms.

Zinc Status Alters Alzheimer's Disease Progression through NLRP3-Dependent Inflammation.

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a dramatically increasing prevalence and no disease-modifying treatment. Inflammatory lifestyle factors increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Zinc deficiency is the most prevalent malnutrition in the world and may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease potentially through enhanced inflammation, although evidence for this is limited.

Imprinting methylation predicts hippocampal volumes and hyperintensities and the change with age in later life.

Epigenetic imprinting is important for neurogenesis and brain function. Hippocampal volumes and brain hyperintensities in late life have been associated with early life circumstances. Epigenetic imprinting may underpin these associations.

Impact of rapeseed pomace extract on markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human SH-SY5Y cells.

With increased longevity and subsequent rise in people with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, protection of neurons from oxidative stress damage has become an important field of study. For the first time, we highlight the neuroprotective properties of rapeseed pomace (RSP) extract in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We used resazurin to determine cell metabolism, 2,7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H DCFDA) to assess the potential of RSP extracts to shield cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H O using flow cytometry, HPLC to analyze for malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker and the COMET assay to assess DNA strand breakage.