Chronic inorganic nitrate supplementation does not improve metabolic health and worsens disease progression in mice with diet-induced obesity.

Inorganic nitrate (NO) has been proposed to be of therapeutic use as a dietary supplement in obesity and related conditions including the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), type-II diabetes and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Administration of NO to endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice reversed aspects of MetS, however the impact of NO supplementation in diet-induced obesity is not well understood. Here we investigated the whole-body metabolic phenotype and cardiac and hepatic metabolism in mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for up to 12-months of age, supplemented with 1 mM NaNO (or NaCl) in their drinking water.

Novel study designs and modelling approaches in nutrition research: application of advanced statistical modelling approaches and N-of-1 study designs.

Randomised controlled trials are the 'gold standard' approach in nutrition research to show a causal relationship between a dietary intervention and clinically relevant outcomes at the population level. Here we review why different study designs are needed to establish the efficacy of dietary interventions at the individual level and to better account for relevant factors that can also influence the outcomes. Over the past decade, precision nutrition approaches have been developed as a new way to measure the effectiveness of dietary interventions at the individual and population level.

Better cardiometabolic/inflammatory profile is associated with differences in the supraclavicular adipose tissue activity of individuals with T2DM.

Purpose: Brown adipose tissue (BAT), located in the supraclavicular region, has been associated with a better cardiometabolic profile and reduced risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD), in addition to being associated with a healthier phenotype in obesity. However, it is unknown whether greater supraclavicular adipose tissue activity could be associated with a healthier metabolic profile in people already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Thus, the present work evaluated if supraclavicular adipose tissue activity is associated with metabolic and molecular markers in individuals with T2DM.

Patients' and Clinicians' Experiences Using a Real-Time Remote Monitoring System for Chemotherapy Symptom Management (ASyMS): Qualitative Study.

Background: Patients receiving chemotherapy require ongoing symptom monitoring and management to optimize their outcomes. In recent years, digital remote monitoring interventions have emerged to provide enhanced cancer care delivery experiences to patients and clinicians. However, patient and clinician experiential evaluations of these technologies are rare.

Short-term changes in human metabolism following a 5-h delay of the light-dark and behavioral cycle.

Experimental inversion of circadian and behavioral rhythms by 12 h adversely affects markers of metabolic health. We investigated the effects of a more modest 5-h delay in behavioral cycles. Fourteen participants completed an 8-day in-patient laboratory protocol, with controlled sleep-wake opportunities, light-dark cycles, and diet.

Still eating like there's no tomorrow? A qualitative study to revisit attitudes and awareness around sustainable diets after 10 years.

There is growing realisation that changes to the food system are needed to prevent the worst scenarios for future climatic change. One of these changes is for people to consume sustainable diets, which are healthy, do not place overwhelming strain on the environment, and are culturally and socially acceptable and economically attainable. One facet of such diets is that people in countries where meat is consumed in large quantities may need to reduce their intake.

"We go hunting …": Understanding experiences of people living with obesity and food insecurity when shopping for food in the supermarket to meet their weight related goals.

The high prevalence of food insecurity in the United Kingdom has been exacerbated by the cost-of-living crisis. In high-income countries, those experiencing food insecurity struggle to buy and consume foods that meet Government healthy eating recommendations, and are at increased risk of obesity, linked to poor diet quality. Individuals in high-income countries purchase most of their food to consume at home from supermarkets, making this an important context within which healthier and environmentally sustainable food purchasing should be supported.

Exercise, nutrition and medicine timing in metabolic health: implications for management of type 2 diabetes.

Chrono-medicine considers circadian biology in disease management, including combined lifestyle and medicine interventions. Exercise and nutritional interventions are well-known for their efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes, and metformin remains a widely used pharmacological agent. However, metformin may reduce exercise capacity and interfere with skeletal muscle adaptations, creating barriers to exercise adherence.

Adherence to Preoperative Fasting Guidelines in Elective Surgical Patients.

Introduction: Preoperative fasting is recommended by international guidelines as a means to minimize the risk of aspiration of gastric content during induction of anesthesia or surgery. Prolonged preoperative fasting is, however, discouraged due to the associated side effects such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can negatively impact recovery after surgery. An initial quality improvement study revealed poor implementation of the best practice guidelines on preoperative fasting in three departments of a hospital and an institutional action plan was devised to enforce adherence to these guidelines.

Biotics and bacterial function: impact on gut and host health.

The human gut microbiota, the vast community of microbes inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in maintaining health. Bacteria are the most abundant organism, and the composition of bacterial communities is strongly influenced by diet. Gut bacteria can degrade complex dietary carbohydrates to produce bioactive compounds such as short-chain fatty acids.

Time for a Re-Think? The Rationale for Multi-Component Intervention to Prevent Malnutrition in At-Risk Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Dietary strategies for early intervention in older adults are highly desirable, as they encourage individuals to retain a good functional status despite morbidity [...

Terminalia ivorensis demonstrates antioxidant properties and alters proliferation, genomic instability and migration of human colon cancer cells in vitro.

Colorectal cancer is a global killer that causes approximately 940 thousand deaths annually. Terminalia ivorensis (TI) is a tropical tree, the bark of which is used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, malaria and ulcer. This study investigated TI as a potential anticancer agent in human colon cells in vitro.

A lipidomic dataset for epidemiological studies of acute myocardial infarction.

Understanding the cause of coronary heart diseases relies on the analysis of data from a range of techniques on an epidemiological scale. Lipidomics, the identification and quantification of lipid species in a system, is an omic approach increasingly used in epidemiology. The altered concentration of lipids in plasma is one of the recognised risk factors for these diseases.

Ultraprocessed food (UPF), health, and mechanistic uncertainty: What should we be advising the public to do about UPFs?

In this perspective, we discuss why current mechanistic uncertainty on ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) and health acts as a major challenge to providing informed dietary guidelines and public advice on UPFs. Based on the balance of current evidence, we do not believe it is appropriate to be advising consumers to avoid all UPFs and we await further evidence to inform consumer guidance on the need to limit consumption of specifics foods based on their degree or type of processing.

Classifying compounds as prebiotics - scientific perspectives and recommendations.

Microbiomes provide key contributions to health and potentially important therapeutic targets. Conceived nearly 30 years ago, the prebiotic concept posits that targeted modulation of host microbial communities through the provision of selectively utilized growth substrates provides an effective approach to improving health. Although the basic tenets of this concept remain the same, it is timely to address certain challenges pertaining to prebiotics, including establishing that prebiotic-induced microbiota modulation causes the health outcome, determining which members within a complex microbial community directly utilize specific substrates in vivo and when those microbial effects sufficiently satisfy selectivity requirements, and clarification of the scientific principles on which the term 'prebiotic' is predicated to inspire proper use.

Enhancing systematic reviews: An in-depth analysis on the impact of active learning parameter combinations for biomedical abstract screening.

Systematic Review (SR) are foundational to influencing policies and decision-making in healthcare and beyond. SRs thoroughly synthesise primary research on a specific topic while maintaining reproducibility and transparency. However, the rigorous nature of SRs introduces two main challenges: significant time involved and the continuously growing literature, resulting in potential data omission, making most SRs become outmoded even before they are published.

What Environmental Metrics Are Used in Scientific Research to Estimate the Impact of Human Diets?

Background/objectives: Metrics drive diagnosis, and metrics will also drive our response to the challenge of climate change. Recognising how current scientific research defines and uses metrics of the environmental impact of human diets is essential to understand which foods, food groups, or dietary patterns are associated with a higher environmental impact.

Methods: This research, aided by artificial intelligence (AI), aimed to search, map, and synthesise current evidence on the commonly used definitions and metrics of the environmental impacts of human diets.

Diet and health inequalities: Connecting with vulnerable groups to address food insecurity-the DIO food project.

The current cost-of-living crisis is disproportionately affecting families experiencing poverty and is likely to be amplifying existing dietary inequalities and challenges, such as food insecurity (FI). Government policies designed to address diet inequality in the UK have historically had minimal impact on population diet and health and may have even widened existing inequalities. Therefore, the effect of nutrition policies on those experiencing FI in the context of the current cost-of-living crisis needs to be better understood.