Changes in the Periodontal Gap After Long-Term Tooth Movement into Augmented Critical-Sized Defects in the Jaws of Beagle Dogs.

Extensive and closely coordinated remodeling processes take place in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the adjacent bone during orthodontic tooth movement. In complex orthodontic cases, it is necessary to move teeth into an augmented bony defect, for example, in patients with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. The important role of the PDL during tooth movement is well accepted but not fully understood.

Identification of key factors for malnutrition diagnosis in chronic gastrointestinal diseases using machine learning underscores the importance of GLIM criteria as well as additional parameters.

Introduction: Disease-related malnutrition is common but often underdiagnosed in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, short bowel and intestinal insufficiency, and chronic pancreatitis. To improve malnutrition diagnosis in these patients, an evaluation of the current Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria, and possibly the implementation of additional criteria, is needed.

Aim: This study aimed to identify previously unknown and potentially specific features of malnutrition in patients with different chronic gastrointestinal diseases and to validate the relevance of the GLIM criteria for clinical practice using machine learning (ML).

Noninvasive estimation of PaCO from volumetric capnography in animals with injured lungs: an Artificial Intelligence approach.

To investigate the feasibility of non-invasively estimating the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) using a computational Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model fed by noninvasive volumetric capnography (VCap) parameters. In 14 lung-lavaged pigs, we continuously measured PaCO with an optical intravascular catheter and VCap on a breath-by-breath basis. Animals were mechanically ventilated with fixed settings and subjected to 0 to 22 cmHO of positive end-expiratory pressure steps.

Pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activities of cassane diterpenoids on squamous carcinoma cells: An in vitro and in silico study.

Squamous carcinoma of the head and neck is characterized by aberrant apoptosis that prolongs the proliferative capacity of the cells and by uncontrolled cell growth. This study aimed to examine the pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of cassane diterpenoids on squamous carcinoma cells . The cytotoxicity of four (4) cassane diterpenoids {Six-cinnamoyl- 7-hydroxyvouacapen-5-ol(1), pulcherrimin A(2), C(3), and E(4)} isolated from C.

Titration of cuprizone induces reliable demyelination.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Cuprizone-induced demyelination, wherein mice are fed a diet containing the copper chelator cuprizone, is a well-established model that replicates key features of demyelination and remyelination. However, the dose-response relationship of cuprizone is complex; high concentrations can induce toxicity, whereas low doses may fail to produce reliable demyelination across subjects.

Visual quality of life in NMOSD and MOGAD: profiles, dynamics and associations with ageing and vision.

Objective: In this multicentric study, we were interested in the vision-related quality of life and its association with visual impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in comparison to multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls.

Methods: We analysed extracted data from the German NEMOS registry including National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) scores, high and low contrast visual acuity (HCVA, LCVA), visually evoked potentials (VEP) and the scores for the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and other neurological tests which assessed their disease-related impairment. The mean follow-up time of our patients was 1.

Efflux and uptake transport and gut microbial reactivation of raloxifene glucuronides.

Raloxifene has low bioavailability due to extensive glucuronidation in the intestine and the liver, and its pharmacokinetics is associated with high intra- and interindividual variability. Some of this variability could be explained by the enterohepatic recycling of raloxifene, which is driven by transporter-mediated uptake and efflux and gut microbial deglucuronidation of raloxifene glucuronides. These individual processes involved in raloxifene disposition, however, have not been characterized in full detail.

Menstrual Blood as a Non-Invasive Alternative for Monitoring Vitamin Levels.

: Menstrual blood has recently emerged as a novel specimen for diagnostics, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional blood testing methods. Despite the importance of vitamins and monitoring their levels in preventative healthcare measures, the feasibility of measuring them in menstrual blood has yet to be explored. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of using menstrual blood for determining vitamin levels by comparing their levels in menstrual blood to those in matched capillary blood samples.

Psychometric properties of the parent-rated assessment scale of positive and negative parenting behavior (FPNE) in a German sample of school-aged children.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a parent-rated parenting assessment scale including positive and negative dimensions of parenting. Factorial validity, reliability, measurement invariance, latent mean differences and construct validity of the Assessment Scale of Positive and Negative Parenting Behavior (FPNE) were tested in a pooled sample of five studies of 1,879 school-aged children (6.00 to 12.

Examination of the Corneal Endothelium in Patients With Congenital Aniridia With a PAX6 Mutation Using In Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.

Purpose: In PAX6 syndrome, it is still not clear, whether prenatally, parallel to the iris tissue developmental anomaly, there is neural ectodermal, neural crest, or mesodermal cell deposition at the corneal endothelium, affecting endothelial structure and function. In addition, because of the postnatal corneal inflammation and commonly appearing secondary glaucoma, progressive endothelial changes are expected. Our purpose was to study the corneal endothelium in subjects with PAX6 aniridia, using in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Mouse strain-specific habituation to oral metamizole administration.

When pain might occur during an animal experiment, sufficient analgesia is necessary. Metamizole is the third most used postoperative pain medication in animal research. The analgesic effect of metamizole is supposed to last 6-8 h in rodents.

Artificial intelligence-based rapid brain volumetry substantially improves differential diagnosis in dementia.

Introduction: This study evaluates the clinical value of a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) system that performs rapid brain volumetry with automatic lobe segmentation and age- and sex-adjusted percentile comparisons.

Methods: Fifty-five patients-17 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 20 healthy controls-underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans. Two board-certified neuroradiologists (BCNR), two board-certified radiologists (BCR), and three radiology residents (RR) assessed the scans twice: first without AI support and then with AI assistance.

Blood-based quantification of Aβ oligomers indicates impaired clearance from brain in ApoE ε4 positive subjects.

Background: Quantification of Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers in plasma enables early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and improves our understanding of underlying pathologies. However, quantification necessitates an extremely sensitive and selective technology because of very low Aβ oligomer concentrations and possible interference from matrix components.

Methods: In this report, we developed and validated a surface-based fluorescence distribution analysis (sFIDA) assay for quantification of Aβ oligomers in plasma.

Internal consistency of the Mental Health Professional Culture Inventory: A pilot study in Romanian population.

The objective of this study (registered under number 2020 006) was to assess the internal consistency of the revised Mental Health Professional Culture Inventory (MHPCI) scale, which comprises 15 items, among mental health service workers in Romania. To examine the psychometric properties of the MHPCI questionnaire within the Romanian population, we employed two main methods: The partial credit model (PCM) and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A total of 94 individuals were interviewed, and among them, 71 provided complete responses to the questionnaire.

Validation requirements for AI-based intervention-evaluation in aging and longevity research and practice.

The field of aging and longevity research is overwhelmed by vast amounts of data, calling for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including Large Language Models (LLMs), for the evaluation of geroprotective interventions. Such evaluations should be correct, useful, comprehensive, explainable, and they should consider causality, interdisciplinarity, adherence to standards, longitudinal data and known aging biology. In particular, comprehensive analyses should go beyond comparing data based on canonical biomedical databases, suggesting the use of AI to interpret changes in biomarkers and outcomes.

Work ability and psychosocial work stress - predictors of retirement intention among older teachers.

Objectives: Many teachers worldwide retire early for health or personal reasons. Predictors could help to identify teachers at risk in order to counteract this development. The study therefore investigates whether the intention to retire can be predicted by work ability, psychosocial work stress and work behaviour.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Patient Selection for Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization for Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.

Purpose: To develop a machine learning algorithm to improve hepatic resection selection for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) by predicting post-portal vein embolization (PVE) outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study (2000-2020) included 200 consecutive patients with CRC liver metastases planned for PVE before surgery. Data on radiomic features and laboratory values were collected.

In Vivo Acquisition of Human Retinal Double-Pass Images during Simulated Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Background: The aim of the study was to capture images that form on the human retina after the simulated implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). White light was used rather than the commonly used near-infrared light, which is unsuitable for the examination of diffractive IOLs. For this purpose, a special optical setup was developed to investigate the influence of the IOL design on two-dimensional retinal images .

Impact of macrohemodynamic manipulations during cardiopulmonary bypass on finger microcirculation assessed by photoplethysmography signal components.

Continuous monitoring of the hemodynamic coherence between macro and microcirculation is difficult at the bedside. We tested the role of photoplethysmography (PPG) to real-time assessment of microcirculation during extreme manipulation of macrohemodynamics induced by the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).We analyzed the alternating (AC) and direct (DC) components of the finger PPG in 12 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB at five moments: (1) before-CPB; (2) CPB-start, at the transition from pulsatile to non-pulsatile blood flow; (3) CPB-aortic clamping, at a sudden decrease in pump blood flow and volemia.

Evaluation of circulating tumor DNA as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in BRAF V600E mutated colorectal cancer-results from the FIRE-4.5 study.

The randomized FIRE-4.5 (AIO KRK0116) trial compared first-line therapy with FOLFOXIRI (folinic acid, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) plus either cetuximab or bevacizumab in B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. This study was accompanied by a prospective translational project analyzing cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma to test whether ctDNA analysis may help to guide clinical treatment decision making.

CMTM6 status predicts survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlates with PD-L1 expression.

We retrospectively analyzed 129 treatment-naïve head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) for the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6), tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We evaluated the relationships among these markers, human papilloma virus (HPV) status, and overall survival (OS). PD-L1 and CMTM6 (combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 1 and ≥ 5) were detected in ~ 70% of HNSCCs.

"The doctors were more knowledgeable about what I had": patient views on the value of point-of-care tests for managing respiratory infections in European primary care.

Background: Point-of-care tests (POCT) can support diagnosis of patients with community acquired acute respiratory tract infections (CA-RTI) in primary care and thereby reduce uncertainty whether antibiotics may benefit patients. However, successful roll out of POCTs need to be built on a deep understanding of patients' perspectives on the place of POCTs in patient centred care.

Aim: To explore patients' perceptions of the value of POCTs during consultations for CA-RTI.